Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов. Найдите данные слова в тексте и уточните их значения по контексту.

module, robot, to identify - распознавать, manipulator - манипулятор, electrophysical, electrochemical, unique, rotor, line, productivity, to reserve, criteria, to optimize, vacuum, plasma, component, nitride, carbide, titanium, apparatus

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний.

срок службы, передовые методы, электрофизическая обработка, модуль станка, система проектирования, составы из твердых сплавов, методы вакуумной плазмы, упрочнение деталей машин, гибкое производство, полностью автоматизированное производство

 

TEXT STUDY

Определите, какие из данных высказываний соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. There are two main trends in modern machine-building: automation and raising of the reliability of machines. 2. The creation of "unmanned" industries is included into automation. 3. Machine modules and robots are not suited for "unmanned industries". 4. Automation and raising of the reliability of machines require new technologies. 5. Advanced technologies are applied in most branches of engineering. 6. The service life of machine parts can't be increased by strengthening treatment. 7. Hard alloy compounds are employed for coating components. 8. The process of designing can also be automated. This gives the advantage of optimizing solutions in design and technology.

 

DISCUSSION

4. Ответьте на вопросы по теме 'Trends in the Modern Machine-Building Industry".

1. Name the main trends in modern machine-building.

2. What does automation include?

3. In what way can automation be achieved?

4. What is the role of new technologies?

5. Give some examples of advanced methods for increasing the service life of machine parts.

6. How can the process of designing be improved?

7. What is the main task of the engineers and scientists developing new machines and technologies?

 

5. В зависимости от места в предложении слова с суффиксом -ing могут иметь разные функции и, соответственно, разный перевод.

Ving
инфинитив	существит-ое	глагол	причастие	диепричастие
что делать?	что?	что делает? (делал?)	какой?	что делая?

 

Например:

increasing	инфинитив – увеличивать
существительное – увеличение
глагол – увеличивает (увеличивал)
причастие – увеличивающий
диепричастие – увеличивая

 

6. Переведите предложения, содержащие -ing формы. Обратите внимание на взаимосвязь между позицией -ing формы в предложении и ее переводом на русский язык.

1. Strengthening raises the service life of machine parts. We can raise the service life of machine parts by strengthening them. The technology of strengthening machine parts is called strengthening treatment. Different methods are used for strengthening machine parts.

2. Automatic systems designing new machines help the designing engineer to solve many difficult problems. Designing includes a number of criteria. Designing new machines the designer has to solve various engineering problems.

3. The industry producing all types of machines and mechanisms is called machine-building. Producing new generations of machines and equipment increases productivity. Producing new generations of machines and equipment experts find ways for the application of advanced technologies.

 

TEXT 6

TEXT A. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION

Vocabulary

technique [tFk'nJk] техника

assembly [q'sFmbli] line сборочный конвейер

conveyer belt ленточный транспортер

automobile assembly[q'sFmbli] plant автосборочный завод

monotony [mq'nOtqnI] однообразие; монотонность

productivity [prOdAk'tIvItI] производительность, продуктивность

entail [In'teIl] влечь за собой

advance успех

valves [vxlv] клапан

continuous-process manufacturing непрерывный процесс производства

refining [rI'faIn] очистка

TEXT A. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION

A major advance in twentieth century manufacturing was the development of mass production techniques. Mass production refers to manufacturing processes in which an assembly line, usually a conveyer belt, moves the product to stations where each worker performs a limited number of operations until the product is assembled. In the automobile assembly plant such systems have reached a highly-developed form. A complex system of conveyer belts and chain drives moves car parts to workers who perform the thousands of necessary assembling tasks.

Mass production increases efficiency and productivity to a point beyond which the monotony of repeating an operation over and over slows down the workers. Many ways have been tried to increase productivity on assembly lines: some of them are as superficial as piping music into the plant or painting the industrial apparatus in bright colours; others entail giving workers more variety in their tasks and more respon­sibility for the product.

These human factors are important considerations for industrial engineers who must try to balance an efficient system of manufacturing with the complex needs of workers.

Another factor for the industrial engineer to consider is whether each manufacturing process can be automated in whole or in part. Automation is a word coined in the 1940s to describe processes by which machines do tasks previously performed by people. The word was new but the idea was not. We know of the advance in the development of steam engines that produced automatic valves. Long before that, during the Middle Ages, windmills had been made to turn by taking advantage of changes in the wind by means of devices that worked automatically.

Automation was first applied to industry in continuous-process manufacturing such as refining petroleum, making petrochemicals, and refining steel. A later development was computer-controlled automation of assembly line manufacturing, especially those in which quality control was an important factor.

 

TEXT STUDY