Учебно-методические материалы к тексту В

 

LANGUAGE STUDY

(A)Exercise 1. Translate the following words and phrases into your native tongue.

 

At a slow speed, multi-purpose farm vehicle, harrowing, steam-powered portable engines, gasoline-powered tractors, maintenance, auto-steer systems, internal combustion engines, gasoline tractor, automatic temperature controls, wheeled tractors, row-crop tractors, initial cost, outweigh this advantage.

 

(A)Exercise 2. Make sure you know the English equivalents for the following:

 

Type of vehicle, tractive effort, for particular uses, great advantage, providing power supply, efficient type, crawler, a great number of days per year, a common misconception.

 

(B) Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the correct verb.

push, rotate, turn, depress, press

 

1. When you … this wheel clockwise the tractor turns to the right.

2. When you … accelerator pedal the tractor goes slowly

3. When you … the horn the tractor makes a sound signal.

4. When you … the brake pedal the tractor stops.

5. When you … the key clockwise the engine switches on.

 

(B)Exercise 4. Many compounds mean exactly what you would expect them to mean if you combine the definitions of their separate words. Explain the compounds below. Translate them into Russian.

 

Farm machinery; wheeled tractor; track-laying; multi-purpose; steam-powered engine; gasoline-powered machine; row-crop tractor; internal combustion engine.

(B) Exercise 5. Make up the pairs of synonyms.

1. evolve	A. supply
2. tow	B. benefit
3. maintenance	C. service
4. provide	D. aim
5. implement	E. track-laying tractor
6. multitude	F. equipment
7. crawler	G. economical
8. advantage	H. develop
9. purpose	I. great number
10.efficient	J. haul
11.machinery	K. main
12.general	L. device

(B) Exercise 6. Make use of the prepositions from the list.

with of on from in

 

1. Tractors are also usually associated __ farm machines and general farm use.

2. The word tractor was taken ___ a Latin word that means “to pull”.

3. The steam-powered engines were___ use until the onset of the 20^th century.

4. The crawler is a more efficient type ___ a tractor.

5. Tractors may be used not only ___ the farms.

(C) Exercise 7. Use the word given in the brackets at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1.___ of the tractor includes devices and assemblies. (construct)

2. Farm tractors first made their _____ in the 19^th century. (appear)

3. A ___ of specialty farm tractors has been developed for particular uses. (vary)

4. ___ tractors are subdivided into standard and row-crop types. (wheel)

5. There is a common ______ that tractors can only be found on farms. (conception)

6. The great _____of crawlers is their initial cost. (advantage).

 

(C) Exercise 8. Correct any errors in these sentences. Some sentences contain no errors.

1. A variant of specialty firm tractors have been depended for particular uses.

2. Row-group tractors can be used for all ordinary purposes.

3. The oil powered engines were in use until the onset of the 20^th century.

4. Tractors offer a lot of use and convenience for many people.

5. Farm tractors first made their appearance in the 19^th century.

6. Farm tractors are used to carry on different agricultural tasks.

7. Crawlers are more economic in fuel.

8. Small tractors from 1 to 10 hours-power may be used for garden and orchard work.

9. Farm tractor is a distinctive multi-purpose farm vehicle.

10. The crawler is, moreover, the more efficient type of tractor and, however, can go on the land earlier after rain so can work a greater number of days per year.

 

TEXT STUDY

(A) Exercise 1. Choose the correct variant.

I

1. Farm tractors first made their appearance in the (nineteenth/seventeenth) century.

2. (Crawlers/wheeled tractors) work a greater number of days per year.

3. (Wheeled tractors/crawlers) may be subdivided into standard and row-crop types.

II

1. The steam powered engines were in use until the onset of the 20th century, when they were replaced by more reliable (cabs/internal combustion engines/steam engines).

2. The earliest tractors had (steam-powered/gasoline/petrol) portable engines.

3. The word tractor was taken from a Latin word that means (to pull/to plow/to crush).

 

III

1. Modern tractors use a power take-off shaft to provide rotary power to (plows/cabs/wheels/machinery).

2. Tractors are special vehicles which are aimed to provide the (hauling/plowing/driving/repairing) of trailers.

3. The steam-powered portable engines were followed by (oil-burning/water-burning/steam-burning/lubricant-burning) and then gasoline-powered tractors.

(A)Exercise 2.Match the questions with their answers.

1. What is a tractor?	A. In the 19^th century.
2. What are tractors aim to do?	B. Into wheeled and crawlers
3. When did first farm tractor appear?	C. Standard and row-crop types
4. How can farm tractors be divided?	D. To provide the hauling of trailers and other types of machinery
5. How may wheeled tractors be divided into?	E. Crawler
6. What kind of tractor is more efficient?	F. Not so. Some tractors have specific uses.
7. Do tractors work only on farms?	G. A type of vehicle that is constructed to deliver a tractive effort at a slow speed.

(B)Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences according to the text.

1. Farm tractors are used to carry out different agricultural tasks….

2. The word “tractor” was taken…

3. Farm tractors first made their appearance…

4. Farm tractors may be divided into two groups: …

5. Wheeled tractors may be subdivided into…

6. Row-crop tractors can be used…

7. Farm tractors are used…

8. Modern tractors may have…

 

(B) Exercise 4. Say if the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones according to the text.

 

1. Row-crop tractor can be used for all ordinary purposes.

2. Farm tractors first made their appearance in the 18^th century.

3. The gasoline engines were in use until the onset of the 20^th century.

4. A farm tractor is a distinctive, multi-purpose farm vehicle.

5. Wheeled tractors can be used for heavy loads and can work on almost any class of land.

6. Crawlers may be subdivided into standard and row-crops types.

7. The crawler is the more efficient type of tractors.

8. The earliest tractors were steam-powered portable engines.

9. Tractors are special tools which are aimed to perform different tasks.

10. Tractors can be used only on a farm.

(B)Exercise 5.