Information, requirement, development, multiplication, signal, limitation, combination

Задание II

А. Подберите синонимы к словам, обозначенным цифрами:

1. utilization

2. quantity

3. advance

4. boundless

5. trial

6. weather forecast

7. to require

8. drug

9. to yield

10. safe

 

 

a) achievement

b) use

c) amount

d) weather prediction

e) unlimited

f) to result

g) test

h) to demand

i) medicine

j) harmless

k) quality

 

Б. Отнесите термины со следующими выражениями:

Storage, Pure sciences, data processing, applied science

1. … - doing calculation needed to deal with given information.

The central unit of a computer processor is used for it.

2. …. - a special device in a computer for keeping information.

3. …. - deal with theories.

4….- deal with practical application of scientific research.

 

Задание III

А. Найдите в тексте прилагательные в различных степенях сравнения и определите степень.

Б. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых использованы модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

В. Найдите основу каждого простого предложения (подлежащее и сказуемое) в первом предложении текста. Определите время, вид и залог сказуемых.

Задание IV

А.Поставьте предлоги в предложения, где это необходимо:

(without, of, in, for, by).

1. Technological advances... all fields... data processing have been dynamic and extensive.

2.... medicine computers are helping researchers test drugs... extrapolating the

information gained... trials.

3. What can computers do... the scientist?

4. Space technology would be almost unthinkable... the power... the computer.

5. Space technology requires the combined knowledge... almost all the other sciences.

 

Б. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста

Weather scientists uses computers for….

В. Вставьте артикль, где это необходимо.

1.... computers are perhaps... most useful tools ever invented by mankind.

2. Computers are working on... mathematical model of world's weather.

3. Data processing is... giant step forward in man's utilization of science and knowledge.

4.... dynamic introduction of... computer in... last quarter of the last century has changed man's information needs entirely.

5.... methods of... applying data processing systems to information needs are boundless.

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Unit 4

 

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

Monitor, keyboard, mouse, system unit, CPU, motherboard, disk drives, component, video card, device, reflect, convert.

 

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

Computer components

A computer consists of a variety of hardware and software components that work together to perform calculations, organize data, and communicate with other components.

The main components of the computer:

Monitor - A monitor is an out device, which is responsible for conveying information to the user, which looks like a television screen, displays texts, graphics and video information.

Keyboard - A keyboard is an input device which allows the user to enter data and instructions into a computer. The keyboard contains keys that allow you to type letters of the alphabet, numbers, spaces, punctuation marks, etc. The keyboard also contains special keys for entering instructions.

Mouse - A mouse is a small hand held device that contains at least one button. The mouse controls the movement of a symbol on the screen called the pointer.

System Unit - A system unit is a box like case made from metal or plastic that protects the internal components of the computer from damage. The circuitry in the system unit is a part of or is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard.

The main components of the system unit:

CPU - A Central Processing Unit, also called a processor, is the electronic device that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. There are basically two types of processors i.e. slotted and socket processors. Many modern CPUs are covered with fins or a fan to dissipate the heat they generate.

Motherboard - A motherboard is the primary printed circuit board in a PC. All of the basic circuitry and components required for a PC to function are either contained in or attached to the motherboard. The motherboard typically contains the system bus, processor and coprocessor sockets, memory sockets, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and peripheral controllers.

Bios - A BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is the program that enables a PC to boot after power-up. The BIOS is a built-in set of routines that serves as an interface between the computer's operating system and hardware devices. It is stored on an ROM chip generally located near the computer's real-time clock or lithium battery.

By processing requests from applications as well as drivers, the BIOS permits the user to maintain control of hardware settings.

Disc Drives - On computer system one may have several different drives installed on his/her system. The following drives may be installed on a computer

Hard Drive - A hard drive is an important part of your computer, used for long-term storage of data, opposite to Random Access Memory (RAM) which loses data as soon as your PC loses power.

Floppy Disc Drive - A Floppy Disc Drive is used for storing information into a floppy disk. A floppy disk consists of a thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a plastic shell. It stores data and information using magnetic patterns.

A CD ROM\DVD ROM drive\CD RW - CD ROMs are a little bit different than floppy and hard disks. Instead of electromagnetism, they use a laser to reflect light off microscopic pits embedded in the disks. When a pit swings by, the light is reflected to an electric eye. Where there is no pit, the light is not reflected. DVDROMs store more data. They can do it by having smaller pits, using two levels of pits, one under a translucent surface containing the other layer, and in some cases, by storing data on both sides of the disk.

Video Card - One of the expansion cards, called a display, video or graphics card is for the monitor. This card is responsible for converting graphics and text into the monitor.

Power Supply - An internal power supply is responsible for converting your standard household power into a form that your computer can use. The power supply is responsible for powering every device in your computer; if it has a problem or is of low quality you may experience many difficulties.

System buses - A bus, in computer terms, is simply a channel over which

information flows between two or more devices.

Memory Module - Memory is a temporary storage place for data, instructions, and information.

Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

hardware components аппаратные части (компоненты)

software components программные части (компоненты)

video information видео информация

punctuation marks пунктуационные отметки

processor socket процессорное гнездо

memory socket гнездо памяти

expansion slot слот (разъем) расширения

serial and parallel ports последовательные и параллельные порты

peripheral controllers периферийные контроллеры

power supply источник питания

system buses системные шины

maintain поддерживать, сохранять

internal внутренний

request запрос

flexible гибкий

Задание I

А. Определите

а) какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

Movement, internal, basically, primary, expansion, responsible, experience.

б) переведите приведенные выше слова, учитывая значение их суффиксов/префиксов.

Задание II

А. Подберите синоним к словам, обозначенным цифрами.

1. contain

2. store

3. display

4. permit

5. carry out

6. type

7. maintain

 

 

a) allow

b) keep

c) perform

d) print

e) include

f) show

g) support

h) produce

i) include

Б. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами:

1. Magnetic patterns a. операционная система

2. Expansion card b.оператив. запоминающее устройство

3. Operating system с.плата расширения

4. Random Access Memory d. магнитные частицы

 

В. Заполните пропуски, используя данные предлоги:

(of, on, into, for, at, in, to)

1. A monitor is responsible … conveying information … the user.

2. A system unit is a box made … metal or plastic.

3. A mouse contains … least one button.

4. Different drives may be installed … a computer.

5. There are two types … processor: slotted and socket.

6. Memory is a temporary storage place … data.

7. The mouse controls the movement … the pointer … the screen.

8. All computer components are either contained … or attached … the motherboard.

 

Задание III

А. Найдите в тексте и переведите инфинитив в функции определения.

Б. Найдите в тексте и переведите причастия в функции определения.

С. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию герундия в предложениях

1. Processing data is the main function of the unit.

2. By processing request from applications the BIOS permits to control hardware settings.

3. The idea of processing data automatically was very appealing.

4. They started processing immediately.

5. Without further processing the device can’t be used anywhere.

6. His task was to organize processing as soon as possible.

7. The topic of their discussion was processing information in logical systems.

 

Задание IV

A. Составьте все типы вопросительных предложений к следующему предложению.

Video card is responsible for converting graphics and text into the monitor.

6) Yes/no

7) The size of what

8) What(to the subject)

9) Or

10) …, _not_?

Б. Выберите предложение, смысл которого противоречит содержанию текста.

1. The motherboard contains a lot of sockets for different computer components.

2. Random Access Memory provides long-term storage of data.

3. A keyboard is an input/output device.

4. Monitors display different kinds of information.

5. CD- ROMs keep more data than DVD ROMs.

6. A BIOS is a part of the computer hardware.

7. Display, video or graphics cards are different names of the same device.

8. System buses carry information between different computer devices.

9. A mouse is a hand-held device that contains only one button.

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Unit 5

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

Astronomy, instrument, observatory, information, principle, computers, universal, encyclopedia, section, transistors, exclusive, laboratory.

 

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

What is Internet?

Wherever you were, whatever you read, see or hear you can meet information about Internet.

Whether you worked in the sphere of education or business, whether you were an employee of some official body, whether you worked with a computer you were probably once or twice asked: “What is your address in the Internet?”

So what is Internet? Why has this global network suddenly appeared? How many people use Internet? In what directions does Internet develop?

Answers to these questions allow experts to develop this extremely important communication system.

There are three stages of computer development.

The era of the “Black box” (1939 – 1970).

That time computers represented the huge weight of electronic lamps, transistors or integrated circuits. They also filled huge black metal boxes. If you smoked or raised voice, they wheezed and stopped. IBM firm manufactured the majority of them.

2. The era of personal computers (1970 – 1990). The invention of microcircuits and new operational systems meant that computers of cheaper and smaller sizes could perform the larger amount of work faster. Miniaturization and improvement of program maintenance have given computers at disposal of small business and families. By the end of this period the majority of people used programs of Microsoft firm.

3. The era of the World net (1992). The beginning of Internet was necessary for the defensive industry, and for investigators of the academic laboratories and computer communication network. There were dozens of experts in the USA, in the UK, and Norway who were true explorers of Internet.

The new communication facility became popular when operators started to send messages to each other to exchange new ideas and to discuss general scientific problems. It was e-mail.

Internet is the largest communication network in the world. Recently some sources have been approved and now Internet connects more than 40000 various networks in more than one hundred countries. Imagine that over 5 million main computers participate in Internet and service 40 million users all over the world.

However, it is very difficult to define real number of users to say how widely Internet is distributed. Nobody operates this network. It has no management establishing, the instructions for use, and allocated authority to introduce them. Internet extends faster and faster. It is easier to speak about how Internet has grown for years from the moment of its appearance than to name the exact amount of its users.

Internet is frequently considered by beginners as a big information “dump”. But to help them with huge amount of facts there are various search systems, thematic sites etc. There are also such collectors of the information as encyclopedias. Due to them, you do not need to search for the necessary information on the sites. It is only necessary to find the thematic encyclopedia interesting to you and the address taken from Internet, and to read everything on the given theme. In the network there are both universal and specialized encyclopedias.

 

Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

Facility возможность, благоприятные условия

Dozen дюжина

Integrated circuit встроенная схема

Direction направление

Improvement улучшение, усовершенствование; исправление; развитие

Network сеть

Distribute волновать, тревожить, беспокоить

Amount количество

Задание I

А. Определите

а) какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

Instruct, communicate, miniaturize, inform, specialize, form, alter, educate, occupy, qualify, invent, oppose, pollute, produce, reduce.

б) переведите приведенные выше слова.

Б. Образуйте однокоренные слова с помощью суффиксами –ment, -ee.