Announce, improve, achieve, employ, excite, enjoy, advertise, manage, employ, pay, refuge, address.

Задание II

А. Подберите синонимы:

1. evolution

2. explorer

3. installing

5.famous

5. allow

6. receive

7. search

a) establishing

b) well-known

c) development

d) accept

e) investigator

f) submit

g) consist

h) permit

j)look for

Б. Заполните пропуски, используя предложенные слова в скобках:

1. If a computer can answer some questions better and quicker than a man can do, it (to be) a man who formulates the questions.

2. If you asked what a software is, I (to note) it is “an applied thought”.

3. It’s obvious that if there (to be) no computers, the progress of civilization wouldn’t be so rapid.

4. Producing of computer memory working model would have been possible in 1939, if many people (to credit) the invention.

5. If there were no software but hardware only, computers (to represent) machinery that can do nothing by itself.

6. If Herbert Simon and Alan Newell hadn’t succeeded in creating logic theories, someone else (to do) it.

7. If there is no adequate software, no computer (can) be used.

8. Had you backed up my opinion, the outcome (to be) more successful.

9. Was it permitted to our group to carry out the investigation, we certainly (to finish) it on time.

Задание III

Задайте к тексту 5 вопросов разного типа.

Задание IV

Вставьте в предложения правильные предлоги, данные ниже

(of, in, by).

When Charles Babbage, a professor … Mathematics … Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine … 1812 he couldn’t imagine the situation we find ourselves today. Nearly everything we do … the world done, or even controlled … computers, the complicated descendants … his simple machine.

Computers are used more and more often … the world today … the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better memories and they can store much information. No man alive can do 50000 sums … one second, but a computer can … fact, computers can do many … the things we do, but faster and better. They can predict weather, and even play chess, write poetry or compose music.

 

Б. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста:

Internet has grown for years from…

 

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

 

Unit 6

 

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

Virus, version, to affect, to implant, specific, symptom, design, destructive.

 

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

 

Computer viruses

A virus is a piece of software designed and written adversely that affect your computer by altering the way it works without your knowledge or permission. In more technical terms, a virus is a segment of program code that implants itself to one of your executable files and spreads systematically from one file to another. Computer viruses must be written and have a specific purpose. Usually a virus has two distinct functions: spreads itself from one file to another without your input or knowledge and implements the symptom or damage planned by the perpetrator. This could include erasing a disk, corrupting your programs or just creating havoc on your computer.

Technically, this is known as the virus payload, which can be benign or malignant.

A benign virus is one that is designed to do no real damage to your computer. A malignant virus is one that attempts to inflict malicious damage to your computer, although the damage may not be intentional. There are a significant number of viruses that cause damage due to poor programming and outright bugs in the viral code. Some of the more malignant viruses will erase your entire hard disk, or delete files. Many of the currently known Macintosh viruses are not designed to do any damage. However, because of bugs (programming errors) within the virus, an infected system may behave erratically.

Computer viruses don't infect files on write-protected disks and don't infect documents, except in the case of Word macro viruses, which infect only documents and templates written in Word 6.0 or higher. They don't infect compressed files either. However, applications within a compressed file could have been infected before they were compressed. Viruses also don't infect computer hardware, such as monitors or computer chips; they only infect software. Finally, viruses don't necessarily let you know that they are there - even after they do something destructive.

Nowadays the number of viruses is about 55000. It increases constantly. New unknown types of viruses appear. To classify them becomes more and more difficult. In common they can be divided by three basic signs: a place of situating used operation system and work algorithms.

There are three groups of file infectors:

Viruses of the first group are called overwriting viruses because they overwrite their code into infected file erasing contents. But these viruses are primitive and they can be found very quickly.

The second group is called parasitic or cavity viruses. Infected file is capable of work fully or partly but contents of last one are changed. Viruses can copy itself into begin, middle or end of a file.

The third group is called companion viruses. They don't change files. They make double of infected file so when infected file is being started a double file becomes managing, it means virus.

Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

Erase стирать, убирать

Corrupt разлагать

Payload загрузка

benign virus неопасный вирус, мягкий по действию

malignant virus злокачественный вирус

to inflict наносить удар

malicious virus преднамеренно злобный

intentional намеренный

viral code вирусный код

to infect files заразить файл

template шаблон

perpetrator преступник

havoc опустошение

 

Задание I

А.

а) Образуйте новые слова с помощью суффикса -tion:

To mutate, to affect, to implant, to destruct, to corrupt, to compress.

б) переведите слова, учитывая значение их суффиксов/префиксов.

Virus, viral; describe, description, descriptive; system, systematic, systematically; to alter, alternation, alternative; to execute, execution, executive, executable; species, specify, specific, specification; malice, malicious, maliciously.

 

Задание II

А. Подберите синонимы к словам, обозначенным цифрами:

1. to alter

2. segment

3. to corrupt

4. symptom

5. malicious

6. currently

7. powerful

 

a) sign

b) dangerous

c) strong

d) to change

e) task

f) portion

g) to destruct

h) to make use of

i) nowadays

Б. Подберите термины, данные в скобках, к следующим высказываниям:

(a malignant virus, a virus, a benign virus).

1. … a piece of software designed and written to adversely affect your computer.

2. … is one that attempts to inflict malicious damage to your computer.

3. … is one that is designed to do no real damage to your computer.

 

В. Какие из данных ниже высказываний являются ложными, согласно содержания текста:

1. A computer virus is designed for altering the way your computer works without your knowledge.

2. A computer virus is a segment of program code that implants itself to one of your executable files.

3. Computer viruses don’t have a specific purpose.

4. Viruses infect computer hardware, such as monitors or computer chips.

5. Nowadays number of viruses is about 55000.

6. The number of computer viruses remains constant.

7. To classify computer viruses becomes more and more difficult.

8. New types of unknown viruses appear.

9. Viruses can be divided by three basic signs: a place of situating used operation system and work algorithms.

10. Multi-partite viruses infect files and boot sectors.

 

Задание III

А. Найдите в тексте прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени.

Б. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых использованы модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

В. Определите время, вид и залог сказуемых.

Г. Найдите в тексте причастия II, укажите их форму и функцию в предложении.

Д. Найдите в тексте инфинитивы, укажите их форму и функцию в предложении.

Задание IV

А. Укажите фрагмент текста, в котором говорится о первом компьютерном вирусе.

 

Б. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. How many groups of file infectors are viruses divided into?

2. What signs are these groups classified by?

3. What is the third group called?

4. What do viruses of this group make?

 

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

 

 

Материалы для самостоятельной работы

WHAT IS PHYSICS

Physics is considered to be the most basic of the natural sciences. It deals with the fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions as well as the nature of atoms and the build-up of molecules and condensed matter. It tries to give unified description of the behavior of matter as well as of radiation, covering as many types of phenomena as possible. In some of its applications it comes close to the classical areas of chemistry, and in others there are clear connections to the phenomena traditionally studied by astronomers. Present trends are even pointing toward a closer approach of some areas of physics and microbiology.