Kind, photographic, cathode-ray, invisible, closing, to glow, computer, trigger, software.

1. In the … month of 1895 the world was such as this.

2. Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered a new … of rays which were ….

3. These rays could pass through skin and … through clothes but the cast shadows of the bones could be seen on a … plate.

4. Roentgen came to his discovery working with … tubes of Joseph Thompson Crookes.

5. Crookes’s cathode rays caused certain chemicals to … in the dark.

Задание III

Задайте к тексту 5 вопросов разного типа.

Задание IV

A. Вставьте в предложения правильные предлоги, данные ниже

with, into, of, to, through, out, behind:

1. Many people came … Roentgen and asked him whether his rays could pass … kinds … objects.

2. They asked him what were the prospects … their application and when he would be able to make a public demonstration … his discovery.

3. The result … his experimenting … Crookes’s tube surprised even himself.

4. Roentgen wanted to find … why the fluorescent screen had been set a glow.

5. The fluorescent screen was lying some feet … the masked tube.

Б. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста:

X-Ray examination has found application in

a) air crafting.

b) medicine.

c) different branches of industry.

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

 

Unit 6

 

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

System, modern, functions, regulation, standards, protection, medical, museums, parks, cultural, public, electricity, gas, transport, commercial, companies, planning, co-ordination, activities, typically, population, structures, vacant, form, administrative, veto, acts, type, budget, manager, administration

 

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

 

Television

 

Television provides a means of viewing the images of objects that are out of sight, i.e. far removed from the observer.

The images of moving or stationary objects are converted into electric signals and these signals are transmitted by a television transmitter. The television receiver (TV-set) picks up these signals and performs the reverse conversion of electrical signals into the image displayed on the screen of a cathode ray tube (CRT). Television signals can be transmitted by means of transmission lines as well as by radio. The transmission of video signals is more complicated than the transmission of audio signals by means of radio-waves. There is a difference between the perception of audio signals and video signals by the human being. No matter how complex the audio signal is, the human ear interprets it as the sum total of all its components, i.e. as a single sound. The human eye, on the other hand, can perceive many different objects at one and the same time. Modern television techniques have taken all the peculiarities of human sight into consideration.

The tube in the television receiver, that provides picture display, is called the picture tube or kinescope. The image of an object is projected onto the camera tube. The electron beam of this tube scans the image point by point. The beam scanning is controlled by a scan unit. At the tube output, pulses corresponding to the image are generated. These signals are usually termed the picture signals.

These pulses are amplified and used to drive the television transmitter, where they modulate the transmitter carrier. Transmission is usually achieved by amplitude-modulation techniques. The resulting radio-frequency vision signal's are transmitted by the aerial and picked up by the receiving aerial, in which they induce an e. m. f. corresponding in frequency and waveform to the transmitted signals. Received signals are fed to the video channel amplifier that is essentially a pulse receiver. Here the signals are amplified and detected; the picture signals from the detector output are amplified and used to drive the television tube brightness control electrode. The movement of the electron beam in the television tube must be strictly synchronous and in phase with the electron beam of the camera tube. This phasing is accomplished by transmitting special sync pulses, provided by a synchronization generator (timer). These sync pulses control the scan of the camera tube and are transmitted along with the picture signals. At the receiver, these sync pulses are extracted from the composite video signal and used to control the operation of the scan.

In television broadcasting, the sound signal is transmitted simultaneously with the video signal. The audio signal from a microphone is amplified and used to modulate the frequency sound channel carrier. Both transmitters feed one common aerial through a special coupling filter. The receiver aerial picks up the sound and vision radio frequency signals. After amplification, the sound signal is separated from the composite signal, amplified, and used to drive a loudspeaker.