Выберите и поставьте вместо пропусков соответствующее местоимение (Personal Pronouns in Nominative or Objective Case, Possessive Pronouns). Переведите получившиеся предложения.

I – me – my

1. ______ favorite subject is mathematics.

2. ______ study mathematics.

3. Tell _____ about the exams.

We – us – our

1. _____ don’t pay for _____ education.

2._____ tutor told _____ to do all the tasks.

You – your

1. ____ test is not good.

2. ____ can get a Bachelor’s degree after three years of study in university.

3. Thank ____ for ____ help.

She – her

1. ____ mother is a teacher.

2. ____ was a student of Oxford University.

3. You can ask ____.

He – him – his

1. ____ passed ____ exams in October.

2._____ parents told ____ about tuition fees.

It – its

1. ____ is a very interesting type of a university.

2. University sends ____ students lecture materials and tasks.

3. Give ___ to your teacher.

They – them – their

1. ____ were founded between 1850 and 1930.

2. The material for ____ construction was red brick.

3. British government can help ____ with the grant.

 

4.17. Расскажите о высшем образовании в Великобритании, используя план упр.4.14.

4.18. Подготовьте рассказ об одном из университетов Великобритании или США, используя информацию приложения 1 (Appendix I).

4.19.Выполните следующие задания:

1. Прослушайте текст “Living at University”(Tapescript 1, Appendix 2) один раз и выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. What is a grant?

a) money, paid by the parents for their children’s education;

b) money from the local education authority*;

c) money given to those students, who study well at the university.

2. Where can students borrow** money from (for their education)?

a) from the bank;

b) from another student;

c) from the university.

3. What did students do during their holidays?

a) have rest;

b) study;

c) work.

Примечание:

* authority (n) – власти, начальство

** borrow (v) – занимать, брать на время

Прослушайте текст “Living at University”(Tapescript 2) ещё раз и скажите, соответствуют ли следующие высказывания содержанию прослушанного текста.

1. Most British students choose to go to the university near their home.

2. To study at the university is a time to be independent.

3. British students have to pay for their education.

4. In fact, grant is a lot of money.

5. More students are failing to finish their courses.

4.20. Выполните следующие контрольные задания:

1. Прослушайте текст “Universities and Colleges” один раз и выберите правильный вариант окончания предложения:

1. Most big towns in Britain have …

a) only one university.

b) both a university and a college of higher education.

c) a lot of higher educational institutions.

2. Universities offer …

a) five-year degree courses.

b) only two year degree courses.

c) three- and four-year degree courses.

3. A degree is the qualification you can get from university when …

a) you pass your final exams.

b) you defend your degree.

c) you start working.

Прослушайте текст “Universities and Colleges” ещё раз и заполните пропуски в предложениях.

1. There are ----- universities in Britain and ----- colleges of higher education.

2. You are then awarded a Bachelor of -----, Bachelor of -----, Bachelor of -----.

3. The work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ----- or -----.

Лексический минимум к модулю “Higher Education”

academic year higher school

ancient (adj) higher educational institution

attend (v) hostel (n)

award a degree internal student

basic (adj) introduce(v) oneself

basis (n) meet (v)

be born in members/persons/people in a family

be founded in obtain (v)

campus (n) pass an exam

continue (v) play an important role

college (n) polytechnic (n)

course (n) private (adj)

curriculum (n) (мн.ч. curricula) science (n)

do well in scientific (adj)

education (n) semester (n) =term (n)

educational (adj) specialize (v)

elder brother/sister specialist (n)

enter a university spend free time

external student study (v)

faculty (n) take an exam

fail an exam teach (v)

fee (n) train (v)

finish (v) training (n)

gain (v) tutor (n)

get knowledge tuition (n)

get a degree tutorial (n)

get a grant younger brother/sister

graduate(v) from university

graduate(n)

 

 

Appendix 1

Supplementary Texts

Text 1

Cambridge University

Cambridge University was founded at the beginning of the 12-th century. Now it consists of about 20 colleges. Each college is mostly independent. The teaching includes lectures organized by the University and tutorials. The system of individual tuition is organized by the colleges. Tutorial system of Cambridge University is famous all over the world. Each student has a tutor who practically guides him during the whole period of study. The tutor plans the student’s work and the student discusses every task with his tutor.

After three years of study a student can get a Bachelor’s Degree. If you continue the study you can get a Degree of Master and later a Doctor.

There are many rules and traditions in Cambridge University. For example, there still are colleges for men or for women only. The next thing is that students wear gowns* at lectures, in the University library, for dinners in the college and for official visits.

The education in Cambridge University is expensive. Some students have grants, for the other students pay their parents.

It is interesting that until the 15-th century the history of Cambridge University was not as great as the history of Oxford University. But when Isaac Newton was a professor of mathematics in Cambridge the situation changed. At that time candidates for degree began to take serious exams. Also many laboratories for natural sciences appeared at the end of the 17-th century. For example, Cavendish Laboratory, which is now one of the greatest physical laboratories in the world.

Примечание

* gown (n) – мантия

Text 2

Manchester University

The city of Manchester is in northern England. It was a typical city of the Industrial Revolution, which influenced the development of such type of higher schools as Redbrick Universities. So Manchester University was founded in the second half of the 19-th century. It was one of the first Redbrick Universities in England. It is a public university.

The University of Manchester was formed on the basis of several higher educational institutions. One of the most important of them is Victoria University of Manchester. Let’s say some words about it. It was founded in 1851.By 1880 it included the number of colleges from Leeds and Liverpool. One of its faculties – the faculty of technology later became fully independent. Now it is the Institute of Science and Technology.

Now let’s return to the University of Manchester. The number of its students is over 40 000. They study about 500 academic programs. Students of Manchester University can study more academic subjects than in any other university of Great Britain. The most notable areas of study are engineering, humanities, economics, social sciences. The number of teachers of the university is more than 10 000.

It is interesting to say that the University of Manchester gained the title “University of the Year 2006”.According to the quality of teaching the university is on the 5-th place in UK and on the 9-th place in Europe.

Text 3

University of London

The University of London is a federation of about 44 schools and institutes, which are located primarily in London. The number of students of London University is more than 40 000.A lot of students of the University of London are foreigners.

Now we’ll look at the history of the University. It was founded in1836.It was created as the university for middle class students. At first its function was only to provide examinations for the degrees. Then in 1900 it was reconstructed in its present form. A lot of institutions within the County of London now form the University of London. Some of them are large and the others are quite small. The largest institutions which are part of London University are University College and King’s College. It is interesting that the first female students were admitted in London University in 1878.

The buildings of colleges of London University are situated in many parts of London. They all are quite independent. The schools, institutes and colleges of the University of London are teaching institutions, which provide the study mainly by means of lectures attended mostly by day students. It is necessary to mention that students who attend the university classes are called “internal students”, and those who only sat for the University examinations are called “external students”.

 

Text 4

Moscow State University

One of the oldest Russian institutions of higher education, Moscow University was established in 1755.In 1940 it was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov (1711 - 1765), an outstanding Russian scientist, who greatly contributed to the establishment of the university in Moscow. In 1755, on the 25^th of January, St. Tatiana's Day, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. According to Lomonosov's plan, there were originally three faculties. First all the students acquired a comprehensive knowledge in the field of science and humanities at the Faculty of Philosophy, then they could specialize and continue at the faculty of philosophy or join either the Law Faculty or The Faculty of Medicine. Lectures were delivered either in Latin, the language of educated people at the time, or in Russian. Originally tuition at Moscow University was free for all students.

Now let’s say some words about the present-day university life. The total number of full-time students is more than 40 000. At the beginning of the21st century Moscow University became an international educational centre, with the Faculty for the Russian Language which has been teaching international students since 1959.

In June 1992 the President of the Russian Federation issued a decree, which established the status of Moscow University as a self-governing institution of higher education. In November 1998, after a wide-ranging discussion, the Charter of Moscow University was approved.

Today Moscow State University comprises 29 faculties and over 350 departments, 15 research institutes, 4 museums, the Science Park, the Botanical Gardens, The Library, the University Publishing House and printing shop, a recreational centre and a boarding school for talented children. 9 faculties have been recently established, along with 47 new departments and 22 research laboratories. Research has recently started in 30 new interdisciplinary areas. At the moment the University Computer Centre represents more computing power than any other educational institution in Russia. There have been major changes in the curricula, with over 200 new academic programmes added.

Text 5

Higher Education in the USA

There is no national system of higher education in the United States of America. One can get higher education in colleges and universities. There are over 2 100 different higher educational institutions in the USA. The course of study usually lasts 4 years. The academic year is usually 9 months or 2 terms. As a rule, classes begin in September and end in June. It is interesting that the first-year students are called freshmen.

Students choose a major subject and take many courses in this subject. After four years, they get a traditional Bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on to graduate school (старшие курсы) and after a year or two get a Master’s degree.

The highest degree is usually Doctor of Philosophy. The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term work and final examinations in each course. Teachers usually give marks on a five point scale, where letters indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark.

The methods of instructions in the universities are lectures, discussions, laboratory and course works or seminars.

Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes at night as well as in daytime. In this way people may work for a degree or just take a course in the subject that interests them.

Text 6

Washington University

The University of Washington was founded in 1861. It is one of the oldest state-supported institutions of higher education on the Pacific coast. The university includes three campuses: the Seattle campus, the Bothell campus and the Tacoma campus. The academic core of the University of Washington is its College of Arts and Sciences.

Washington University offers full-time courses, distance learning, evening-degree courses. Such diversity of forms of study extends educational opportunities to many people. Programs in law, medicine, forest resources, oceanography and fisheries, library science, aeronautics are offered exclusively (in accord with the state law) by the University of Washington. The schools and colleges of agriculture and urban planning, business administration, education, engineering, nursing, pharmacy, public affairs, social work have long tradition of educating students for service to the region and
nation.

No wonder, that the admition to the University of Washington is highly competitive and the university offers programs and exchanges in over 50 countries of the world.

The head of the university is the president of the university. Now the president of the University of Washington is Mark A. Emmert. He believes the role of the administration is to shape the university in such a way that supports the work of the faculty and staff.

Since 1974 the University of Washington has been the number one public university in America in receiving federal support for research and training. Private support also helps the university to contribute some programs and researches.

Appendix 2

Tapescripts

Tapescript 1 to ex. 4.19

“ Living at University”

Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests.

British students do not have to pay to go to university, but they do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant (money) from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant, parents are expected to pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, food, books, transport and socializing. In fact, the grant is not a lot of money.

Students used to work during the holidays to earn more money, but it is now difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are dropping out, failing to finish their courses.

Typescript 2 to ex. 4.20

“Universities and Colleges”

Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college of higher education. There are 91 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education. Universities offer three- and four-year degree courses; colleges of higher education offer both two-year HND (Higher National Diploma) courses, as well as degree courses.

A degree is the qualification you get from university when you pass your final exams. You are then awarded a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) or BEd (Bachelor of Education).

Undergraduates, students who are studying for degree, go to large formal lectures, but most of the work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ten or more when the students discuss their work with the lecturer.

Module II

Problems of Big Cities

Unit I

Living in a Big City

1.1. Прочитайте и изучите слова и словосочетания.

accommodation (n) [əkכmə´deı∫n]	– помещение, жилье, квартира
advantage (n) [əd´va:ntıd3 ]	– преимущество
advantage of (over)	– преимущество над …
air (n) [εə]	– воздух
fresh air	– свежий воздух
be able to do smth	– уметь, мочь, быть в состоянии делать что-либо
cheap (adj) [t∫ı:p]	– дешевый
choice (n) [t∫כıs]	– выбор
wide choice	– широкий выбор
city (n) [´sıtı]	– большой город
city centre [sıtı ´sentə]	– центр города
city-dweller (n) [sıtı ´dwelə]	– горожанин, обитатель
country (n) [´kLntrı]	– страна, деревня
countryside (n) [´kLntrısaıd]	– сельская местность
in the countryin the countryside	}	– за городом, в сельской местности, в деревне
crowd (n) [kraud]	– толпа
be crowded	– быть переполненным
expensive (adj) [ık´spensıv]	– дорогой, дорогостоящий
feed (v) (fed, fed) [fı:d]	– кормить
feel (v) (felt, felt) [fı:l]	– чувствовать
feel bored [´fı:l ´bכ:d]	– наскучить
feel lonely [´fı:l ´lounlı]	– чувствовать себя одиноким
find (v) (found, found) [faınd]	– находить
find accommodation	– найти жилье
job (n) [d3כb]	– работа
have a job	– иметь работу
well-paid job	– хорошо оплачиваемая работа
look for (v) [´luk ´fכ]	– искать
noise (n) [nכız]	– шум
noisy (adj) [´nכızı]	– шумный
particularly (adv) [pə´tıkju:ləlı]	– особенно, в особенности
pollute (v) [pə´lu:t]	– загрязнять
polluted (p.II) [pə´lu:tıd]	– загрязненный
pollution (n) [pə´lu:∫n]	– загрязнение
prefer (v) [prə´fə:]	– предпочитать
prefer peace	– предпочитать спокойствие
relax (v) [rı´læks]	– расслабляться
rush hour [´rL∫ auə]	– час пик
space (n) [speıs]	– пространство
open space	– свободное пространство
town (n) [taun]	– небольшой город
home town	– родной город

1.2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Do you live in a city, town or in the country?

2. Do you like your home city (town)? Why and why not?

3. Now you study and live in Novosibirsk. Is it a town or a city? Why do you think so?

4. What city (town) do you like better? Why?

1.3. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на форму прилагательных.

a) Novosibirsk is big.

Moscow is bigger.

Mexico is the biggest of the three cities.

b) The life in Novosibirsk is expensive.

The life in St. Petersburg is more expensive than in Novosibirsk.

The life is Moscow is the most expensive.

c) The accommodation in cities is expensive.

The accommodation in towns is less expensive.

The accommodation in the countryside is the least expensive. It is cheap.

1.4. Ответьте на вопросы, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

a) Is Moscow bigger than Novosibirsk?

Which city is the biggest? (Novosibirsk, Moscow, Mexico)

Is your home city (or town) bigger or smaller than Novosibirsk?

b) Is the life in St. Petersburg more expensive than in Novosibirsk?

Which is the most expensive city of the three? (Novosibirsk,

St. Petersburg, Moscow)

Is the life in your city (town) more expensive or cheaper than in

Novosibirsk?

1.5. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особые случаи образования степеней сравнения.

a) There are a lot of good places to relax in Novosibirsk.

Countryside is a better place to relax when it is hot.

I think the Black Sea coast is the best place to spend holiday on.

b) The weather is bad today.

Yesterday it was worse.

Last week it was the worst.

c) Novosibirsk is far from Moscow.

Krasnoyarsk is farther from Moscow than Novosibirsk.

Khabarovsk is the farthest of the three cities.

1.6. Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на использование сравнительных конструкций:

as…as, not so…as, not as… as.

a) The life in Novosibirsk is noisy.

The life in Ekaterinburg is as noisy as in Novosibirsk.

The life in Berdsk is not so noisy as in Novosibirsk.

b) The air in some cities is polluted.

The air in some industrial towns is as polluted as in some cities.

The air in the countryside is not as polluted as in cities.

1.7. Прочитайте прилагательные. Устно образуйте степени сравнения. Сгруппируйте их в три колонки в соответствии со способом образования степеней сравнения.

A B C

-er more особые

-est the most случаи

easy, good, many, expensive, difficult, cheap, dirty, young, old, little, bad, far

1.8. Прочитайте слова, относящиеся к интернациональной лексике, обращая внимание на ударения. Догадайтесь о значении этих слов.

 

public [´pLblık], transport [´trænspכ:t], restaurant [´rest(ə)rכnt], theatre [´θıətə], concert [´kכnsət], museum [mju:´zıəm], park [pα:k], plus [plLs], minus [´maınəs]

 

1.9. Прочитайте следующие пары предложений. Выберите то, которое вы считаете правильным. Приведите свои доводы, используя вводные фразы:

I think		– я думаю
as I know as far as I know	}	– насколько мне известно
in my opinion		– по моему мнению

 

1. a) It is easier to find a well-paid job in a city than in a town.

b) It’s easier to find a well-paid job in the country than in a town.

2. a) There are few interesting things to do and places to see in a city.

b) It is particularly difficult to find good cheap accommodation in a city.

3. a) You can enjoy fresh air of the countryside.

b) If you want to relax it’s difficult to find a park in a city.

4. a) Public transport is never crowded in a city.

b) In the rush hour public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty.

1.10. Прочитайте вводные слова и фразы в колонке А и догадайтесь об их значении по синонимам в колонке В.

A B

on the plus side – on the positive side

for example – something used as a model

what is more – also, besides

for one thing – on the one hand

last of all – at last

in conclusion – in the end

all in all – on the whole

1.11. Прочитайте текст, выберите подходящее заглавие для каждого абзаца (один заголовок лишний).

1) Disadvantages of living in the city

2) Young people prefer to live in cities

3) Advantages of living in the city

4) Advantages of getting higher education

Living in the City

Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need¹ to have a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, if you want to relax you can usually find a park where you can feed the birds or just sit on a park bench and read a book.

However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but if it is not very well-paid, you cannot have many things because living in a city is often very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. Public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays when a lot of city-dwellers are looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all, despite² all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city.

In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly interesting to young people, who like the excitement³ of the city and don’t mind⁴ the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and particularly when they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside.

Слова и выражения к тексту:

1. you don’t need – вам не нужно

2. despite – не смотря на

3. excitement – оживленная жизнь

4. don’t mind – не обращают внимания

1.12. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты и прочитайте предложения с ними.

1. жизнь в городе имеет как достоинства, так и недостатки;

2. существует выбор общественного транспорта;

3. поэтому вам не нужно иметь свой автомобиль;

4. на каждый плюс существует свой минус;

5. все жители ищут какое-то свободное пространство;

6. не беспокоятся о шуме и загрязнении;

7. часто предпочитают спокойствие и свежий воздух сельской местности.

 

1.13. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующим словам и выражениям:

1. lots of people

2. flats and houses to live in

3. to have a rest

4. things that cost a lot of money

5. to choose what you like

6. can

7. especially

8. work or position

9. positive side

10. to give food

11. 60 minutes

12. time with heavy traffic

13. to make something dirty

14. empty area

15. area outside towns or cities

16. a loud or unpleasant sound

17. to try to find something

18. people who live in a city

1.14. Просмотрите текст еще раз и ответьте на вопросы (дайте краткий или полный ответы).

1. Where is it easier to find a well-paid job?

2. Are there any problems with public transport? What are they?

3. Where can you go to if you want to relax?

4. Living in a big city is very expensive, isn’t it? Why?

5. Is it difficult to find good cheap accommodation?

6. Why are parks crowded on Sundays?

7. Why do young people prefer city life?

8. Are big cities polluted and noisy?

9. Where do older people prefer to live in? Why?

1.15. Ответьте письменно на вопросы о жизни в небольших городах. Затем обсудите ваши ответы в группах.

1. Is it easy to get a well-paid job (good education)?

2. What do you think about public transport? Does it work well? Is it crowded and dirty in the rush hour?

3. Are there many interesting places to go to in free time? What are they? Where do people usually go to relax?

4. What do you know about pollution in towns? Is air (water, land) polluted or clean?

5. Can one easily find good and cheap accommodation or not?

6. It is very cheap to live in a town, isn’t it?

1.16. Заполните следующую таблицу, используя информацию текста и ответы упражнений 1.14, 1.15.

 

Aspect	Living in a city	Living in a town
Job (education)	It is easier to find a well-paid job	It is difficult to find a well-paid job
Public transport
Free time activity, relaxation (rest)
Pollution
Cost of living
Cost of accommodation

1.17. Дополните высказывания, используя условные предложения первого типа по образцу:

Пример:

If I have a lot of money, I’ll buy a flat in Moscow.

 

If I have a choice,	I’ll live… I’ll prefer… I’ll go to…
If I have free time,	I’ll go to… I’ll visit… I’ll rest in…
If we live in the country,	we’ll often go to… we’ll build… we’ll enjoy…