Creating the optimal working conditions of the operator

 

To confirm the correct operation of the transmission systems need to perform daily testing, monitoring, and debugging. All these operations are carried out on a computer. Therefore, to ensure safe and healthy working environment contributes to the ability to work, fewer errors, reduced fatigue at the end of the working day.

The activities of the operator caused a significant number of factors related to the characteristics of the work environment, workplace and functional duties of man.

The working environment in the system of human-machine (SCHM) - a direct impact on the operator's set of physical, chemical, biological and information factors, and workplace in SCHM - a space where to carry out labor activity, equipped with means of information display, controls and accessories. Workers are exposed to hazardous environment factors: electromagnetic fields, radio frequency, static, noise, poor lighting, and mental and emotional stress.

In this regard, in all production areas in the permanent workplace microclimate parameters must comply with CH "microclimate of production rooms". In the halls with a working computer technology in the workplace with desks, with camera work, etc. species microclimate parameters should be as follows.

During cold periods, the temperature of the air, its speed and relative humidity must be respectively: 14-22 degrees, 0.1 m / s, 40-60%; the temperature may range from 21 to 25 degrees, while maintaining the other parameters of the microclimate within the above limits.

Air conditioning should provide automatic control of microclimate parameters to the extent necessary for all seasons of the year, clean air from dust and pollutants, creating a slight overpressure in clean rooms to avoid the raw air intake. It should also be possible to individually adjust the air distribution to individual rooms. Temperature of the air supplied to the premises must not be below 19 degrees.

Placement of the workplace and the personal computer is necessary to make the following manner:

- A table with the keyboard and the display is at 750 mm from the floor;

- The display is placed on the table at a distance of 450-500 mm from the eye;

- A display screen located below eye level such that the angle between the normal to the center of the screen and horizontal eye level was about 20 degrees;

- The angle of inclination of the keyboard is 15 degrees;

- The necessary working documents are located at a distance of 450-500 mm from the left of the operator, the angle between the display and the document in the horizontal plane is 30-40 degrees (Figure 4.1).

 

Figure 4.1 Is the regular organization of the operator's station

 

Operating the seat should meet the following requirements:

-providing a body position where the load on the muscles and promotes optimal normal activities of the operator;

-creates possibility of changing working postures to relieve muscle tension and prevent general fatigue (which is especially important in an inactive state of the operator);

-provides free movement and body fixation relative to the work surface;

horizontally surface and backrest can be flat or contoured. Profiling is characterized by angles of inclination of the back (4-5 degrees towards the back) and the seat (10-15 degrees up from the seat) is also considered the best location, when the front edge of the seat retracted under the table 100-150 mm.

Thanks to recent advances in computer technology created displays that have a minimal impact on the operator due to radiation. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the proper selection of lighting, which is largely influenced by the considerable fatigue.

Lighting installations must provide uniform illumination using mostly reflected or scattered light distribution; they should not cause glare on the keyboard and other parts of the panel and on the screen in the operator's eye direction. To eliminate glare reflections on the screen from general lighting lamps, it is necessary to use special filters for screens, visors or have light sources parallel to glance at the screen on both sides. When placing sacking equipment is not allowed location of the display to each other. Local lighting is provided by lamps mounted directly on a countertop or table to its vertical panels, as well as built in in the remote hood. If there is a need for an individual light source, it should be able oriented in different directions and be fitted with a device to adjust the brightness and protective grille, protected from glare and reflection shine. Light sources with respect to the workplace should be positioned so as to prevent direct light from entering the eye. Protective corner fittings for these sources should not be less than 30. Ripple illumination used fluorescent lamps should not exceed 10%. When natural light should apply sun protection agents that reduce the differences between the brightness of natural light and the glow of the screen. As such means can be used with the metallized film coated controlled louvers or vertical lamellae. In addition, the recommended placement of windows on one side of the working space. In addition, each window should be light-diffusing curtains with a reflection coefficient of 0.5-0.7.

The recommended value of the differential brightness of the display surface, keyboard and documents is 1: 3, ie at the nominal value of the brightness of the screen 50-500 cd / sq.m. 300-500 lux illumination of the document. Reflections or shadows in the workplace while absent. The coefficient of reflection of light from surfaces immediately surrounding the workplace is 0.5. The ceiling is white (reflectance of 0.8), the floor darker than the walls (the reflection coefficient of 0.3).