Outstanding people видатний вчений

Isaac Newton was a great English scientist. He was born in 1642 in a little village in Lincolnshire: Newton’s father was a farmer and died before his son’s birth. When Newton was 15, his uncle re-moved him from school because he wanted to make a farmer of him. But a young Isaac was a bad farmer and his uncle sent him to the University of Cambridge. After graduation from the University he became a professor of Mathematics and lectured at Cambridge for more than 30 years. In 1665 the great plague broke in England and Cambridge was closed — Newton had to return home for eighteen months. It was the most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — those of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light and of the law of gravitation. He advanced an idea that light consisted of small particles — corpuscles (today the scientists call them photons). Later on he, however, came to the conclusion that light had a dual nature, namely, it was a combination of the corpuscles and the ethereal waves. Newton was also interested in the problem of what was the cause of the motion of the planets. He came to the conclusion that the force that kept the planets in the orbits round the Sun was the same force that caused objects to fall onto the ground, namely, the force of gravity. A popular legend says that he made this discovery while observing the fall of an apple from a tree in his garden. But only in 1684 Newton published his famous book the “Principia” in which he explained the movement of the planets and laid down the law of universal gravitation. This book made a great contribution to Physics and Mathematics: the publication of the “Principia” was compared to a sunrise, but Newton himself was always modest. Newton was not only theorist but a great inventor, too: he invented a mirror telescope. The demonstration of the mirror telescope made a great impression on the contemporaries and in 1672 Newton was elected a member of the Royal Scientific Society. In 1695 Newton was appointed an inspector at the Royal Mint; there he was in charge of coining new English money. In 1703 Newton was elected a President of the Royal Scientific Society. For the last time he attended its meeting in February, 1727. On March 20, the same year he died and was buried in Westminster Abbey. There is a monument to Newton in Trinity College at Cambridge with the inscription: “Newton Who Surpassed All Men of Science”.

ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS – ПРО ПРОБЛЕМИ довкілля

1. Nowadays environmental problems are the most burning for modern society.

2. Air, water, land and nuclear pollution have badly damaged nature.

3. People cut down trees, destroy the habitats of thousands of animals, and contaminate water in rivers and seas. Factories are polluting our rivers and lakes with dangerous chemicals.

4. The increasing number of cars in towns and cities has led to the growth of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

5. Scientists believe that human activity causes the changes of the climate on our planet and destroys it.

6. All these factors have a bad influence on our health.

7. More and more people suffer from allergies and breathing problems.

8. It's almost impossible to find a healthy person nowadays.

9. In my town there are also a lot of environmental problems.

10. As there are many factories here, the air is not clean.

11. Our nature suffers from pollution: polluted rivers and lakes, forests and land influence our health badly.

12. Our people have already discovered that not only the whole planet, but even our town is under threat.

13. Fortunately, it's not too late to solve these problems.

14. And we should protect our own land right now.

15. Modern technologies can improve not only our lives but also our environment.

16. If we increase recycling paper and cardboard, we'll save some of the millions of trees which are cut down every year.

17. We can use public transport instead of using private cars.

18. Our local government can help by issuing edicts to stop logging companies from destroying forests and to stop factories from polluting water.

19. But the most important thing we must do is to open our eyes and start acting immediately.

ЛОНДОН — СТОЛИЦЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ

 London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre.

 It is one of the largest cities in the world.

 Its population is more than 11 000 000 people.

 London is situated on the river Thames.

 The city is very old and beautiful.

 It was founded more than two thousand years ago.

 Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the Westminster, the West End and the East End.

 The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre.

 The Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London.

 It includes Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament.

 The West End is the part where rich people live.

 It is the most beautiful part of London.

 The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.

 The East End is an industrial district of London.

 There are many factories and the Port of London there.

 London has many places of interest.

 One of them is the Houses of Par-liament, the seat of the British Government.

 There one can see the famous Tower Clock Big Ben, the symbol of London.

 Big Ben is the real bell which strikes every quarter of an hour.

 Another place of interest is Buckingham Palace.

 It’s the residence of the Queen.

 There are many other places of interest in London: Trafalgar Square, Regent’s Park, Westminster Abbey and, of course, the British Museum.

 It’s impossible to describe all places of interest.

 The best way to know London is to visit it.

Mass Media in Our Life - Засоби масової інформації

Mass media play a very important role in our everyday life.

They serve to inform people of different events that take place or may happen.

They also entertain people or even help to make their lives better.

But the most important thing that newspapers, radio or TV bring to people is information.

Complete and accurate information is very important to get nowadays.

Those TV and radio programmes and newspapers that provide reliable information are always very popular.

Sensational events such as crimes, natural disasters or unusual events are also of great interest.

That is why many newspapers and TV programmes combine them with serious information.

Usually daily mass media carry some international, state and local news.

They also contain some other topics like health care, arts and so on.

A lot of newspapers have advice columns, review of books, comics, crossword puzzles, etc.

Most of them have different pictures, photographs and illustrations.

Mass media also focus public attention on the most urgent problems of the society.

Those may be problems in health care, education, transportation or even corruption in government.

Advertising is also paid much attention to in mass media.

It helps people to get oriented in variety of firms and shops that offer their goods and services.

All in all, mass media help us to form our opinion on different events, provide us with the information of what takes place in society, and are also means of entertainment.

 

Hometown amounts-Рідне місто Суми

Sumy - small town by the standards of modern European cities only 270,000 inhabitants, but its attractive quiet peaceful life.

The streets are drowning in green here and there where the belfry towering churches and temples, the most famous of them - the Transfiguration and Holy Trinity Cathedral.

According to ancient legend, got its name from a settlement in the 17th century thanks to the Cossack finding - the river that flows into the Psel, the hands of the Cossacks got three bags of money. Since then, and the river was the bag, and the city of Sumy. The center even erected a monument on one of the main streets in the form of a fountain, a well of suspended sack. All who pass it, be sure to moisten it their wallets to attract money.

A visiting card of the city is a wooden gazebo with lacy carvings, built without a single nail, by the way, the only building with a tree that survived during the Nazi invasion. They say it is built on the spot where he had tried to find oil, and now instead of drilling rigs, fortunately, this towering pride Sumy residents lined lush pink phlox.

In Sumy while he lived famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov, vynaymav wing Lintvarovyh the estate. It is here with his pen was born the famous "Seagull" and some other interesting works - "Boring Story," "goblin", "Name Day". Now open house-museum, where many exhibits tell visitors about the Sumy period in the life and work of the famous author.

It is love and Sumy citizens and guests to relax in the city park of Culture of Kozhedub, because there are often various exhibitions, festivals and other cultural events. For those who enjoy sports, the stadium is "Jubilee." And the favorite places Sumy citizens - of course, the beaches on the shore Psla.