Великобританія – загальна характеристика

Великобританія – загальна характеристика

United Kingdom (UK) - an island nation, most of whose territory is located on two large islands separated by the waters of the Irish Sea.

The total area of ​​the UK is 244,017 square meters. km.

The population of the UK 58,395 thousand.

Officially the country is called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consists of four countries: England, Scotland and Wales, situated on the island of Britain and Northern Ireland. The latter is located on an island with the Independent Republic of Ireland. Thus, the total land border the UK has only Ireland.

The British Isles are in the north-west coast of Europe. The British Isles are surrounded by many small islands. In the south-west of the island of Britain are Scilly Islands, and north of Wales Isle of Anglesey. On the west and north coasts of Scotland are numerous small islands that make up the UK. The most important are the Shetland Orkney island.

From the west Britain by the Atlantic Ocean and the east by the waters of the North Sea.

UK borders the south of France near neighbor and the most developed, having her common water border. The main connection between states through the Strait of La Manche (the British call it "English Channel"), which is the bottom end of the twentieth century has been traced tunnel for high-speed rail link. By that communication between the two countries carried by water or by air.

Also, the closest neighbor is Great Britain Belgium and the Netherlands, are far beyond Denmark, Germany, Norway.

Television - Телевидение (2)

1). Television nowadays has become one of the most important mass media. 2), It informs, educates and entertains people. 3). It influences the way people look at the world and makes them change their views. 4). In other words, mass media, and especially television, mould public opinion.

5). Millions of people like to watch TV in their spare time. 6). The TV set now is not just a piece of furniture. 7). It is someone who is one of the families. 8). There are two viewpoints on television. 9). Some people think that television is doing a lot of harm. 10). People begin to forget how to occupy their free time. 11). It prevents them from communicating with each other, from visiting friends, or relatives. 12). And indeed, people used to have hobbies, they used to go outside for amusements to the theatres, cinemas, sporting events. 13). They used to read books and listen to music. 14). Now all free time is given to television.

15). But there are a lot of people who consider TV to be helpful because it gives us a lot of information. 16). We become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs and by learning the most important economic, social and political issues of the day. 17). We can see famous people, great events that will pass into history. 18). Television gives wonderful possibilities for education: you can take a TV course in history, economy, in learning foreign languages and in many other subjects.

19). Television brings the world in your living-rooms. 20). We see people in our country and in other lands, and learn their customs, occupations, and problems. 21). TV gives us opportunities to see the best actors and performances, to hear the latest news, to listen to political discussions. 22). To crown it all, TV simply helps us to relax after a hard day's work, giving a great variety of entertaining and musical programs.

23). Still, it's not a good thing for children to be glued to the TV screen all day long. 24). It's very harmful for their health and for developing personalities, because children prefer low-standard hits, horror films or banal serials. 25). All this by no means contributes to what we call making a personality.

Проблемы подростков

The Problems Of Teenagers

The life of a teenager can be complicated sometimes. It is a difficult age and there are many problems on the way of becoming adults. For example, the choice of free-time activities, parent-child misunderstanding, the choice of future profession, dealing with the first love and so on. All teenagers have their own views on their life and future. They often stay alone with their thoughts because nobody seems to understand them. In this situation it’s better to talk to someone who is more experienced in life matters. One of the most common problems is the misunderstanding between teens and their parents. It has always been a problem but each generation becomes more difficult than the previous. Teenagers think that they are old enough to have their own opinion, while their parents don’t take their opinion into account. It is not right. Adults should try to give more attention to their children especially at such a difficult age. Teenagers also need more freedom of choice and less pressure. They are the future of our country and a lot depends on what kind of people they will become. The problem of drug is also actual at this age. Many teenagers suffer from drug addiction. It often leads to health problems and serious consequences. Other issues include smoking and drinking alcohol. Teenagers often meet their first love. It is a wonderful time for them and one of the best stages of life. This event stays in one’s memory forever. Unfortunately, the first love can have unhappy endings. It leads to problems in communication even with the best friends. Clearly there are a lot of problems in teenagers’ lives. However, there are some wonderful moments that can happen only when you are young. So, it’s better to enjoy the time!

«Свята Великобританії»

англійською It may seem surprising but the British have fewer holidays than many other countries. Some of them are named Bank Holidays due to the fact that on those days the banks are closed. In England and Wales they comprise at present five bank holidays (New Year’s Day, Easter Monday, spring and late summer holidays at the end of May and August respectively, and Boxing Day1; they also have two common holidays (Good Friday2, Christmas Day). In Scotland and Northern Ireland they have six bank holidays, plus two other public holidays. The particular dates of the bank holidays are fixed annually. New Year’s Day January, 1 It is a bank holiday though many Britons do not celebrate on New Year’s Eve. In Scotland New Year’s Eve is called Hogmanay3 and is an occasion for joyous celebration. In London Scottish people gather on the steps of St. Paul’s Cathedral and sing «Auld Lang Syne»4 at midnight. Easter April, 3 The word Easter owes its name and many of its customs to a pageant festival hold eostre which is the name of Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring time. Every spring European peoples celebrated the festival to honour the awakening of new life in nature. Christians related the rising of the sun to the resurrection of Jesus and their old spiritual rebirth. This «holy» day is celebrated in many countries of the world. Spring and Summer Bank Holidays The Summer Bank Holidays is the most popular holiday, because it comes at a time when children are not at school. Many families try to go away to the seaside or the country as they may indeed have done at Easter or in Spring. Guy Fawkes Night November, 5 Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire Night is an annual celebration held on the evening of 5 November to mark the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of 5 November 1605, in which a number of Catholic conspirators, including Guy Fawkes, attempted to destroy the United Kingdom’s Houses of Parliament, in London. The occasion is primarily celebrated in the United Kingdom where, by an Act of Parliament called The Thanksgiving Act, it was compulsory until 1859, to celebrate the deliverance of the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Festivities are centred on the use of fireworks and the lighting of bonfires. Halloween October, 31 Halloween is also called All Saints’ Eve. It has ancient roots in the polytheistic Celtic harvest festival of Samhain (pronounced /sɑːwɪn/) and the Christian holy day of All Saints, but is today largely a secular celebration. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes and attending costume parties, carving jack-o’-lanterns, ghost tours, bonfires, apple bobbing, visiting haunted attractions, pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films. Remembrance Day November, 11 Remembrance Day (also known as Armistice Day) is observed throughout the Commonwealth and dates back to November 11, 1918 when all fighting in the First World War ended. it now commemorates British soldiers, sailors and airmen who gave their lives in the two world wars. Special Services are held and wreaths are laid at the Cenotaph, a war manorial at Whitehall, where thousands of Londoners observe the two-minute silence and participate in the remembrance ceremony. Similar ceremonies are held throughout the country. Christmas December, 25 In England Christmas is the most important of all the bank holidays of the year. it is celebrated much the same way as in the United States of America. On December 26, the Boxing Day, traditionally people give each other Christmas presents, which used to come in boxes. It is a very pleasant custom indeed. London remains one of the world’s strongholds of pageantry much of which is centred on traditional observances connected with the Royal family. They are always attracting large crowds of spectators, native Londoners as well as foreign visitors. Here are two of them. Trooping the Colour This ceremony is held on the Sovereign’s official birthday in June. This is the most colourful of all London’s annual events, a pageantry of rare splendour with the Queen riding side-saddled on a highly trained horse. On Horse Guards’ Parade in Whitehall the Queen inspects the Brigade of Guards, dressed in ceremonial uniforms. Then comes the Trooping ceremony, followed by the March past of the Guards to the music of the bands. Specially noted should be the precision drill of the regiments. The State Opening of Parliament This is another royal event at the end of November which draws thousands of spectators, who see the Queen on the drive from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of parliament in the State Coach. The public are not admitted to parliament to see her read the speech from the Throne, prepared for her by the Government. But the State Opening is televised. Visitors are admitted to the Public Galleries only by the personal invitation of the members of Parliament. Notes

Мій улюблений письменник

Книги в нашей жизни

Books in our life

My name is Stepan. I’m fond of reading. Books take an important place in my life. I was taught to like and take care of books from the childhood. I find out much new, useful and interesting information from books. They teach me to take right decisions and apprehend school subjects better. I can find an answer to any interesting question in books. I get knowledge from them. I like to read books about the Middle Ages and also I like historical and fantastic works. I plunge into another world at once. Also I like scientific stories about animals and plants. The book is a medicine for soul. When I finish reading of a good book I always feel upset because of its fast end. One famous writer said that books are our friends. I completely agree with him. It seems to me that books take an important place in our life and they are necessary for everybody.

Путешествия. Travelling

Is it possible to live without traveling? Probably yes, but very difficult. Millions of people travel around the world just for fun. Travels broaden the mind, make a person be more friendly and open. Journeys could be made in different ways. You might travel by plane, by bus, by rail or by your own car.

As for me, I'm just crazy about travelling by sea. I believe that this voyage gives you a lot of unforgettable emotions and impressions. If you make for the open sea by ferry, in this case you have a wonderful opportunity to see the depth of the sea, the purity of water and living marine animals in all their beauty. Besides, a good opportunity arises - swimming in pure water. Nevertheless, I don’t like jellyfish too much and at any case try to avoid their presence.

In addition to travels by ships, I am not averse to go on a trip by car. When you drive your car yourself, you can choose any route. And if something goes wrong, you can just change plans or even cancel them. On top of that, with the help of the car you can see the places which are not provided by bus tours. Despite all advantages and disadvantages, any kind of travels will do a person only good and bring many unforgettable memories.

According to ancient legend, got its name from a settlement in the 17th century thanks to the Cossack finding - the river that flows into the Psel, the hands of the Cossacks got three bags of money. Since then, and the river was the bag, and the city of Sumy. The center even erected a monument on one of the main streets in the form of a fountain, a well of suspended sack. All who pass it, be sure to moisten it their wallets to attract money.

A visiting card of the city is a wooden gazebo with lacy carvings, built without a single nail, by the way, the only building with a tree that survived during the Nazi invasion. They say it is built on the spot where he had tried to find oil, and now instead of drilling rigs, fortunately, this towering pride Sumy residents lined lush pink phlox.

In Sumy while he lived famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov, vynaymav wing Lintvarovyh the estate. It is here with his pen was born the famous "Seagull" and some other interesting works - "Boring Story," "goblin", "Name Day". Now open house-museum, where many exhibits tell visitors about the Sumy period in the life and work of the famous author.

It is love and Sumy citizens and guests to relax in the city park of Culture of Kozhedub, because there are often various exhibitions, festivals and other cultural events. For those who enjoy sports, the stadium is "Jubilee." And the favorite places Sumy citizens - of course, the beaches on the shore Psla.

Україна

Ukraine is a sovereign state; its independence was proclaimed in 1991. Ukraine is situated in the east of Europe. The territory of Ukraine is 603 700 square kilometres. Ukraine borders on Russia, Belarus, Poland, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania. It’s washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and has very important ports. Ukraine is larger than France and Great Britain but considerably smaller than Russia. 5% of Ukraine’s territory is mountainous; the rest part of the Ukrainian area is flat. Ukraine has the Carpathians and the Crimean Mountains. The Carpathians is the natural mountainous boundary of Ukraine. They are covered with mixed forests of pine, fir, beech and oak trees. There are the thickest forests in Volyn, which are part of the famous Byelovezhskaya Puscha.

The Dnieper is the main river of the country; moreover, it’s the third longest river in Europe. Such rivers as the Dniester, the Danube, the Southern Bug and the Seversky Donets are also important.

The population of our country is about 46 million people. Besides Ukrainians the representatives of many other nationalities live there: Russians, Jews, Belarusians, Moldavians, Romanians, Greeks, Tatars, Poles, Armenians, Germans, Gypsies and other ethnic minorities. They contributed to Ukraine’s culture and history.

The biggest cities of Ukraine are Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhya, Donetsk, Odessa, Mykolaiv and others.

Ukraine is developed industrial and agricultural country. It’s rich in iron ore, coal, natural gas, oil, salt and other mineral resources. Ukraine has such branches of industry as metallurgy, machine-building, power industry, chemical industry and agriculture. Scientists of Ukraine make their contributions of important discoveries and inventions to the world science.

Ukraine has a rich historical and cultural heritage. There are many higher educational establishments, theatres, libraries, museums, art galleries in Ukraine. It’s also famous for many outstanding writers, poets and musicians.

Ukraine is a member of the United Nation Organization and takes part in the work of many international organizations.

The Internet-інтернет

The Internet is a huge network of computers spanning this planet and is now started to bring in the surrounding area like space. Some computers like servers share data, others just surf the web as clients downloading the data. Public Internet began in the late 70's. In the 70*s web users used an interface called telnet, but now that program is mainly obsolete. Telnet is most widely deployed in accessing college email accounts.

The Internet is very helpful, because it's a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge wealth of knowledge. But how to go on the Internet and do a search for information we need. There are two ways to do it.

The first is when you know an internet address of data you need and the second one is when you try to find information you need by using a search program. In the beginning we have got to enter any browser you like. It could be an Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Opera, etc. If we have a broadband connection, we connect to the Internet at once. If not, we have to set up and connect to our dial-up service. Finally, if we want to find some information in the Internet, we are to type an address of this data in the browser we use or simply use the existing search-programs such as the google search program, rambler search program, yandex search program or yahoo search program.

They are very simple and popular networks of sites. In these programs we can just type the word or name of thing, we would like to find and then press enter. A search program solves this problem. We get our results in the same window. After we get our results, we simply choose whatever site best matches our query or keep searching.

Besides data, one can get from the Internet, we can also send and receive e-mail or electronic mail. This internet service is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker. It is becoming popular day by day. We can get some news from the Internet, because there are many informational servers in the web.

Великобританія – загальна характеристика

United Kingdom (UK) - an island nation, most of whose territory is located on two large islands separated by the waters of the Irish Sea.

The total area of ​​the UK is 244,017 square meters. km.

The population of the UK 58,395 thousand.

Officially the country is called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consists of four countries: England, Scotland and Wales, situated on the island of Britain and Northern Ireland. The latter is located on an island with the Independent Republic of Ireland. Thus, the total land border the UK has only Ireland.

The British Isles are in the north-west coast of Europe. The British Isles are surrounded by many small islands. In the south-west of the island of Britain are Scilly Islands, and north of Wales Isle of Anglesey. On the west and north coasts of Scotland are numerous small islands that make up the UK. The most important are the Shetland Orkney island.

From the west Britain by the Atlantic Ocean and the east by the waters of the North Sea.

UK borders the south of France near neighbor and the most developed, having her common water border. The main connection between states through the Strait of La Manche (the British call it "English Channel"), which is the bottom end of the twentieth century has been traced tunnel for high-speed rail link. By that communication between the two countries carried by water or by air.

Also, the closest neighbor is Great Britain Belgium and the Netherlands, are far beyond Denmark, Germany, Norway.