Translate the part of the text in italics in a written form.

Retell the text according to your plan.

Text C

1. Listen and remember the following words and word-combinations:

intricate – складний, заплутаний

to operate switches – приводити в дію перемикачі

to store numbers – запам’ятовувати числа

to manipulate – управляти, перетворювати

to turn on / to switch on - вмикати

to turn off / to switch off - вимикати

to supply – забезпечувати, вводити

electronic circuit – електронна схема

Listen to the text “What is Computer” and define if the statements are True

or False:

1. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput­ers what to do and the data,

which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept outside the

computer in a place called memory.

2. The basic job of computers is processing of information.

3. A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec­tronic circuits that

operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores.

4. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) writes the information into

the computer.

5. A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou­sands of logical decisions

without becoming tired.

 

3. Listen to the text again and be ready answer the questions:

1. What are the main functions of a computer?

2. What are the two possible states of the switches?

3.What three basic capabilities have computers?

Unit 2

Topic: Development of Electronics

1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:

 

applied physics – прикладна фізика

generation – формування

scientific research – наукові дослідження

due to the efforts – завдяки зусиллям

to replace vacuum tubes – замінювати електронні лампи

a piece of semiconductor – напівпровідниковий кристал

reduced weight – зменшена вага

power consumption – споживання електроенергії

to carry out – виконувати

solid body – тверде тіло

to respond – відповідати, реагувати

at a rate – зі швидкістю

integrated circuit – інтегральна схема

batch processing - пакетна обробка

to assemble – збирати, монтувати

to reduce manufacturing – знизити виробництво

to increase reliability – збільшити надійність

filament power loss – нитка втрати потужності

operating hours – робочі години

2.Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian:

Development of Electronics

Electronics is a field of engineering and applied physics deal­ing with the design and application of electronic circuits. The operation of circuits depends on the flow of electrons for gen­eration, transmission, reception and storage of information.

Today it is difficult to imagine our life without electronics. It surrounds us everywhere. Electronic devices are widely used in scientific research and industrial designing; they control the work of plants and power stations, calculate the trajectories of space-ships and help the people discover new phenomena of nature. Automatization of production processes and studies on living organisms became possible due to electronics.

The invention of vacuum tubes at the beginning of the 20^th century was the starting point of the rapid growth of modern electronics. Vacuum tubes assisted in manipulation of signals. The development of a large variety of tubes designed for spe­cialized functions made possible the progress in radio commu­nication technology before the World War II and in the creation of early computers during and shortly after the war.

The transistor was invented by American scientists W.Shockley, J.Bardeen and W. Brattain in 1948 completely replaced the vacuum tube. The transistor, a small piece of a semiconductor with three electrodes, had great advantages over the best vacuum tubes. It provided the same functions as the vacuum tube but at reduced weight, cost, power consumption, and with high reli­ability. With the invention of the transistor all essential circuit functions could be carried out inside solid bodies. The aim of creating electronic circuits with entirely solid-state components had finally been realized. Early transistors could respond at a rate of a few million times a second. This was fast enough to serve in radio circuits, but far below the speed needed for high speed computers or for microwave communication systems.

The progress in semiconductor technology led to the devel­opment of the integrated circuit (IС), which was discovered due to the efforts of John Kirby in 1958. There appeared a new field of science — integrated electronics. The essence of it is batch processing. Instead of making, testing and assembling discrete components on a chip one at a time, large groupings of these components together with their interconnections were made all at a time. IС greatly reduced the size of devices, decreased man­ufacturing costs and at the same time they provided high speed and increased reliability.

 

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is electronics?

2. Where are electronic devices widely used?

3. What are they used for?

4. What was the beginning of electronics development?

5. What made the progress in radio communication technology possible?

6. What is a transistor?

7. When was the transistor invented?

8. What aim was realized with the invention of the transistor?

9. When were integrated circuits discovered?

10. What advantages did the transistors have over the vacuum tubes?

 

4. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Electronics, application of electronic circuits, transmission, generation, storage of information, electronic devices, scientific research, industrial designing, to control the work of power station, automatization of production, invention of vacuum tubes, the starting point, rapid growth, manipulation of signals, specialized functions, communication technology, creation of computers, replacing vacuum tubes, transistors, piece of a semiconductor, great advantages, to reduce weight, cost, power consumption, high reliability, solid bodies, electronic circuits, high speed computers, communication systems, semiconductor technology, assembling discrete components, batch processing, to decrease manufacturing cost.

 

 

5. Find the English equivalents to the word-combinations:

Прикладна фізика, передача та отримання інформації, потік електронів, наукові дослідження, промислове проектування, вичислять траєкторію космічних кораблів, завдяки електроніці, відправна точка, сприяти управлінню сигналами, швидке зростання, створення перших комп’ютерів, напівпровідниковий кристал, зменшити вагу, скоротити виробничу собівартість, споживання електроенергії, висока надійність, високошвидкісний комп’ютер, галузь науки, інтегральна схема, пакетна обробка, монтаж дискретних компонентів,забезпечити високу швидкість.

 

6. Make up sentences with the word-combinations:

Power consumption, signals manipulation, transistor invention, circuit functions, communication systems, data processing system, integrated circuits development, science field, process control, size reduction, electronics development, problem solution, space exploration.

 

7. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:

Electronics, electronic device, electronic circuit, power station, vacuum tubes, a transistor, semiconductor technology.

 

8. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Інтенсивний розвиток електроніки забезпечив підвищення продуктивності

роботи комп’ютерів та зменшення їх розміру.

2. Транзистор виконує функції вакуумної трубки але має знижене

енергоспоживання та високу надійність.

3. Електронні пристрої можуть контролювати роботу електростанцій.

4. Завдяки електроніці люди відкривають нові явища природи.

5. Нові типи інтегральних схем дають змогу зменшити розміри електронних

пристроїв.

6. Вчені шукають нові шляхи поліпшення технології інтегральних схем.

7. Однією з головних переваг транзисторів у порівнянні з вакуумною трубкою є

відсутність нитки втрати потужності.

8. Іншою перевагою транзистора є його тривалий термін служби, більше ніж

десять тисяч робочих годин.