Nutrients that provide energy.

Sugar and Starch, or Two Carbohydrates

Sugar and starch are used mainly to supply the body with energy. Foods that contain sugar, such as oranges and milk, are found in the Fruit and Milk Groups. Foods that contain starch, such as pasta and potatoes, are found in the Bread and Vegetable Groups. Sugar and starch are carbohydrates. During digestion, the body breaks down starch into a simple sugar called glucose that can be absored by cells and used for energy. All carbohydrates provide quick energy.

Fat

Like carbohydrates, fat provides the body with energy. But fat contains more than twice as many food calories per unit of mass as carbohydrates. Unlike most carbohydrates, fats can be stored in the body. Then can be used when the body needs energy. Foods that are rich in fats include margarine, butter, salad oils, olives, nuts and seeds, cheeses, and many meats. These foods are found in the Milk and Meat Groups, as well as in Fats, Oils, and Sweets.

Protein

Proteins are the third group of nutrients that can provide energy. Their primary use, however, is not to supply the body with energy. Proteins make up much of the structure of cells. Milk, meats, fish, eggs, beans, and cheeses are good sources of protein. These foods are found in the Milk and Meat Groups. Foods in the Bread and Vegetable Groups also contain protein, but in smaller amounts.

Active Vocabulary

 

carbohydrate	вуглевод
starch	крохмаль
pasta	страва із макарон
digestion	травлення
glucose	глюкоза
to absorb	вбирати, поглинати
fat	жир
protein	білок
nutrient	поживна речовина
primary	первинний, основний
bean	біб

Tasks

Task 1. Answer the questions to the text.

 

1. Whatnutrients that provide energy do you know?

2. What do sugar and starch supply the body with?

3. Are pasta and milk found in the Fruit and Milk Groups?

4. Fats can be stored in the body, can’t they?

5. What products are good sources of protein?

Task 2. Plan a healthful diet. Be sure that the meals you create are ones you would actually eat.

 

	Food items	How much	Number of servings	Total number of servings
Bread Group
Vegetable Group
Fruit Group
Milk Group
Meat Group
Fats, Oils, and Sweets

 

Task 3. Translate into English.

 

1. Цукор і крохмаль забезпечують наш організм енергією.

2. Цукор і крохмаль – вуглеводи.

3. Маргарин, масло, м’ясо, маслини, горіхи, сири багаті на жири.

4. Білки – це третя група поживних речовин, що забезпечують організм енергією.

5. Молоко, м'ясо, риба, яйця, боби, сири – головні джерела білків.

 

Task 4. You are giving a party at home. Some of your guests like to eat exotic dishes, two of them are vegetarians and one is a sweet tooth. Make up a list of menu

for your party. Try to be economical.

Task 5. Points for discussion:

a)“Dietary. Advantages and disadvantages”

b) “Carbohydrate, fat and protein right proportion while dieting”

c) “Healthful diet”

d) “Is it good to be a vegetarian?”

e) “What are the conveniences and inconveniences of dining out and giving a

party at home?”

f) “Describe your favourite dish and the way of cooking it”

 

Unit 11

Three other nutrients (water, minerals and vitamins)

Carbohydrate (sugar and starch), fat, and protein are not the only nutrients the body needs. The body needs three other nutrients: water, minerals, and vitamins. The first letter of each word in the following sentence can help you remember all six nutrients: F rank C hews P eaches W ith M uch V igor. F stands for fat, C stands for carbohydrate, and P stands for protein.

W stands water, which all around us in rivers, in waterfalls – and in healthy bodies. Water helps the body to get energy from the fat, carbohydrate, and protein you eat. Like a river carrying boats, water transports nutrients to every cell of your body.

M is for minerals. There are more than a dozen minerals, including calcium, iodine, iron, and zinc. V is for vitamins, 13 in all. Your body doesn’t need large quantities of minerals and vitamins – less than a teaspoon a day – but these nutrients are essential to human growth and well-being.

Water. When you feel thirsty, what is your body telling you? You should drink eight glasses of water a day to stay healthy.

Minerals. The range of minerals is vital for the development and support of the body. For example, the body requires calcium for strong bones and teeth. Good sources of calcium are milk, cheese, spinach, and dried figs. Zinc helps the body grow; it comes mostly from seafood, meats, and yeast.

Vitamins. Each vitamin – A, the B vitamins (eight in all), C, D, E, and K – plays a part in helping the body to work and in preventing certain diseases. For example, vitamin A helps keep eyes bright and clear. Good sources of vitamin A include carrots, egg yolks, sweet potatoes, and milk.

 

 

Active Vocabulary

 

vigor	сила, енергія
fig	інжир
yeast	дріжджі
yolk	жовток
to prevent	попереджати, запобігати
calcium	кальцій
to chew	жувати
peach	персик
to stand for	означати
to transport	переносити, переміщати

Tasks

Task 1. Study the table of vitamins carefully and analyse what vitamins your

organism lacks for.

 

Vitamin	Functions in organism	Vitamin deficiency	Products that contain it
A	helps to keep your eyes bright and clear	poor vision, skin peeling	butter, curd, liver, cod-liver oil, apricots, tomatoes, carrots, eglantine, spinach, lettuce, sweet pepper
B1	necessary for normal activity of nerve system	so-called disease “beriberi” (avitaminosis) which ends in muscular atrophy and paralysis, sometimes even death	liver, meat, groats, bread of coarse grinding
B2	takes part in cells exchange and helps to produce energy	skin peeling, development and growth delay, epiphora	milk, curd, beans, eggs, meat, yeast, pea
B3 (PP)	improves carbohydrate exchange, reduces cholesterol level and has a vasodilating effect	quick tiredness, weakness, irritation, insomnia, inflammatory skin changes (itsdeficiency leads to so-called disease “rough skin”)	meat, milk, tomato, buckwheat, oatmeal, beans
B6	regulates protein exchange, takes part in gastric juice formation, activites fat processes	hair growth abnormality, haemoglobin reduction	yeast, beans, milk, bananas, liver, nuts (circassian walnut), fish, buckwheat, millet cereal
B12	very important for erythrocytes (red blood cells), keeps nerve system in a good condition	anaemia, nervous breakdown	liver, curd, yolk, oyster, mackerel, herring, chicken liver, beef liver, liver sausage

Task 2. Make up sentences using the following words.

 

1. The, needs, water, three, and, other, body, nutrients, minerals, vitamins.

2. With, peaches, Frank, much, vigor, chews.

3. Stay, day, should, you, healthy, eight, a, drink, glasses, water, day, of, to.

4. Of, good, are, milk, calcium, figs, cheese, sources, spinach, and, dried

5. Vitamin, preventing, each, plays, a, part, certain, the, body, work, helping, and, in, the, diseases, to.

 

Task 3. Translate into English the following sentences:

 

1. Вітаміни – природні органічні речовини, абсолютно необхідні для людини.

2. Нестача вітамінів призводить до порушення обміну речовин, а повна відсутність – до серйозних захворювань.

3. Вітамін А необхідний для нормального росту і розвитку кісток, підвищення імунітету та зору.

4. Вітамін В1 необхідний кофермент у засвоєнні білків, жирів та вуглеводів

при виробленні енергії.

5. Нестача вітаміну В6 призводить до анемії, випадіння волосся, втрати

апетиту, депресії, сонливості, повільного заживлення ран та артриту.

 

Task 4. React to the statements using the following opening phrases: As far as I know; I suppose; as a rule, in fact; actually; as for me; etc.

 

1. Minerals are not so necessary for our health as vitamins are.

2. Vitamin B12 helps to keep your eyes bright and clear.

3. Vitamin A regulates protein exchange, takes part in gastric juice formation, activites fat processes.

4. Each vitamin – A, the B vitamins (eight in all), C, D, E, and K – plays a part in helping the body work and in preventing certain diseases.

5. Good sources of vitamin B include carrots, egg yolks, sweet potatoes, and milk.

 

Task 5. Points for discussion:

 

a) “Quality of vitamin tablets in our drugstores”

b) “Good sources of vitamins and minerals in our local fruit and vegetables”

c) “Vitamin deficiency”

 

Unit 12