Означені та неозначені артиклі

Lesson 1

LEARNING EGLISH

The ABC

Aa Hh Oo Vv

Bb Ii Pp Ww

Cc Jj Qq Xx

Dd Kk Rr Yy

Ee Ll Ss Zz

Ff Mm Tt

Gg Nn Uu

Інтонація

Тони	Вживання	Приклади
Спадний	У стверджувальних реченнях. У спеціальних запитаннях. У наказових реченнях, які висловлюють наказ, прохання.	We study English. І am a student. Where do you study? What is on the table? Go to the blackboard. Give me this book.
Висхідний	У загальних запитаннях.	Are you a student? Did you work last year?
Висхідний і спадний	В альтернативних запитаннях. При перераховуванні, крім останнього елемента.	Are you a student or a doctor? We study physics, chemistry, English.

ВПРАВА ДЛЯ ЧИТАННЯ

Прочитайте речення, дотримуючись правильної інтонації:

1. Не is a doctor. 2. What are you? 3. Did you study at the Institute last year? 4. Are you a student? 5. They study Ukrainian, Russian, and English. 6. Give me your pen. 7. Come here.

 

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

necessary – необхідний commerce – торгівля

total number – загальна кількість mail – пошта

official language – офіційна мова patience – терпіння

communicate – спілкуватися realize – усвідомлювати

 

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

to develop friendship друкуються

all over the world мова дипломатії

cultural relation наукова література

language of diplomacy освічена людина

are printed культурні відносини

scientific literature в усьому світі

educated person розвивати дружбу

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text:

Learning English

Nowadays it's very necessary to know a foreign language. Knowledge of foreign language helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people. The total number of languages in the world is from 2500 to 5000. English is spoken all over the world and very popular. It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand. English is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic.

English is a world language. It’s the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relation, commerce and business. It’s the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It is also the major language of diplomacy. Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers are printed in English and read all over the world. 75% of the world’s mail and 60% of the world’s telephone calls are in English. Half of the world’s scientific literature is written in English too.

It is well known that reading books in the original, listening to the BBC news, communicating with the English speaking people will help a lot. When learning a foreign language you learn the culture and history of the native speakers. More and more people realize that every educated person should know a foreigner language.

In Ukraine English is very popular: it is studied at schools, colleges, universities, medical colleges and schools. Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long process that takes a lot of time and patience. But to know languages today is absolutely necessary for everyone. I want to know foreign language because I have always been interested in foreign countries and their cultures.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

to know a foreign language; understanding among people; the total number of languages; is spoken all over the world; the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sports; books, magazines and newspapers; the world’s telephone calls; half of the world’s scientific literature; an easy thing; takes a lot of time and patience.

 

3.2 Give the English equivalents:

необхідно знати іноземну мову; розмовляють в усьому світі; одна з офіційних мов; торгові та культурні відносини; основна мова дипломатії; все більше людей усвідомлює; абсолютно необхідно; цікавитися іноземними країнами та їх культурою.

 

3.3 Answer the questions to the text:

1. Why is it necessary to know a foreign language? 2. What is the total number of languages in the world? 3. What countries is English the official language of? 4. Half of the world’s scientific literature is written in English, isn’t it? 5. What else do you learn learning a foreign language? 6. Where is English studied in Ukraine? 7. Is learning a foreign language is an easy thing?

3.4 Finish the sentences:

1. Knowledge of foreign language helps us ….

2. English is spoken ….

3. It’s the language of progressive ….

4. Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers ….

5. More and more people realize ….

6. I want to know foreign language because …

 

3.5 Say if it true or false:

1. The total number of languages in the world is from 250 to 500.

2. English is the official language only of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

3. English is a world language.

4. 75% of the world’s mail and 60% of the world’s telephone calls are in English.

5. People don’t realize that every educated person should know a foreigner language.

6. Learning a foreign language takes a lot of time and patience.

 

Grammar

Означені та неозначені артиклі

В англійській мові є два артиклі: неозначений (the indefinite article) — a, an і означений (the definite article) — the.

a week, a minute, a good answer

an engineer, an apple, an old man

the book, the window, the best apple

Артиклі не вживаються, якщо іменник має означення, виражене займенником (присвійним, вказівним, питальним, неозначеним — some, any, many, much, each, every, either, заперечним no), власним ім'ям у присвійному відмінку або кількісним числівником, який стоїть після означуваного слова.

Take this pencil.

Do you like our new English teacher?

This is Jack's penknife, not yours.

Whose book is this?

I've got many things to do.

There are no books on the table.

Open your books at page five.

Where is room 6?

Неозначений артикль вживається тільки з іменником в однині, скільки він має значення числівника один. З іменником у множині неозначений артикль не вживається:

a book — books

an apple — apples

Означений артикль може вживатися з іменником як в однині, так і у множині:

the apple — the apples

Неозначений артикль вживається тоді, коли про щось згадується вперше.

A man booked into a hotel in London. (Чоловік поселився в готелі в Лондоні.)

Означений артикль вживається, коли йдеться про відомі речі, про щось єдине у своєму роді:

I was in bed when the phone rang. (Я був у ліжку, коли задзвонив телефон.)

The sun was going down. (Сонце заходило.)

 

Exercise 1 Fill in a, an or the if necessary:

1. Give me … cigarette. 2. Yesterday I found … wallet in the street. 3. Look out of … window! What is going on outside?

4. What is … longest river in the world? 5. … apple a day keeps the doctor away. 6. I love … oranges. 7. There is a red pen on the table. Give me … pen. 8. I am going to … countryside tomorrow. 9. Would you like … cup of coffee?

10. Where is … Everest situated? 11. Jane is … tallest girl in our class. 12. Marilyn Monroe was … actress. 13. … British Isles comprise a lot of small islands. 14. Suddenly we saw … house over there. 15. … tigers are wild animals. 16. It is 5 o’clock in … morning. 17. This table is made of … wood.

18. Nick’s brother is … writer.

 

Самостійна робота № 1

1. Read the article and choose the sentence (A-D) that best fits each gap (1-4).

LEARNING EGLISH

English is the language of international communication in many areas of life: trade, air and sea transport, tourism, sport and entertainment. More and more people also need
English for studying at universities and colleges. New ideas in science, technology and medicine happen so quickly that it is impossible and very expensive to translate everything into different languages. (1)...

Millions of people around the world want to learn English. Many of them come to Britain and other English-speaking countries to study at language schools, especially in the summer. There are thousands of different schools. They offer courses for children, teenagers and adults. (2)...

You should always try to find out as much information as possible before you choose a school (3)...

If you go to a language school, you should try to speak English as much as possible. Students usually stay with a local family. (4)...

You should also try to mix with students from other
countries. This will help you with your English, and will also show you how important English is for international communication

A In particular, you should try to talk to other students from your own country who have been to a language school to find out what you should expect.

B So most things are published in English. And if you want to keep up with the latest ideas in any subject, you need English.

C This is a good opportunity to improve your English and to learn a lot about everyday life.

D There are courses in General English, Technical English, Business English and so on.

 

Lesson 2

Biography

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the expressions:

My name is... - Мене звуть...;

My surname is... - Моє прізвище...;

a first-year student - першокурсник;

a medical college - медичний коледж;

study - навчатися;

I am from... - Я з...;

I am 17(18, 19). - Мені 17(18,19) років.

I was born... - Я народився...

I am fond of sport (music, dancing, reading). - Я захоплююсь спортом.

 

1.2 Answer the questions:

 

1. What is your name (surname)? 2. What are you? 3. Where do you study? 4. Where are you from? 5. How old are you? 6. When and where were you born? 7. What are you fond of?

 

1.3 Read the situation and fill in the application form.

You want to find an English speaking pen friend. A club in Scotland, which introduces pen friends, has sent you this:

The International Pen Friend Club Palmerston Place

Edinburgh EH 12 5BJ

United Kingdom

Full name:________________________________________

Home address (including country)___________________________

____________________________________________________________

Nationality ________________________________________________

Date of birth (day, month, year) ____________________________

Sex________________________________________________________

Main interests______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

How well do you write in English____________________________

___________________________________________________________

Signature_________________________________________________

 

1.4 Read and memorize the words:

to introduce – знайомити cheerful

to be pretty – гарненький to be handsome – вродливий

generous – щедрий patient – терплячий

lazy – ледачий cool – спокійний, байдужий

optimistic – оптимістичний kind-hearted – добрий, сердечний

 

1.5 Match the words-combinations:

 

an only child здійснитися

useful to people проводити час разом

free time вступити до інституту

spend time together єдина дитина

come true не легко

enter the Institute корисна для людей

it is not easy вільний час

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text:

About Myself

My name is Victor. My surname is Ivanov. I was born on April 7, 1982 in Chernihiv. My parents are office-workers. I am an only child in the family.

I am a student of the medical college. After leaving college I'll try to enter the Medical Institute. I think, the profession of a doctor is very interesting and useful to people but it is not easy, of course. I'm fond of chemistry and biology and I know these subjects are important to learn for entering the institute.

I don't have much free time but I have a hobby. My hobby is drawing. I like to draw since my childhood. My favourite sports are football and tennis.

I have many friends. They are very good and we like to spend our time together. We meet and talk, dance and laugh, listen to good music and do everything what is interesting for a teenager. I'm happy to have nice friends and a good family. I hope that my dreams will come true and I'll become a doctor.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Say if it is true or false:

1. Victor has a brother.

2. His parents are office-workers.

3. The profession of a doctor is very interesting and useful to people.

4. Victor’s hobby is dancing.

5. His favourite sports are football and tennis.

6. He is happy to have nice friends and a good family.

 

3.2 Get ready to speak about yourself.

Word File

affectionate [a'fekʃənət] – люблячий, ніжний

ambitious [æm'biʃəs] – амбіційний

charming ['ʧa:miŋ] – чарівний

reliable [ri'laiəbl] – надійний

talkative [tɔkətiv] – балакучий

energetic [enə'dзetik] – енергійний

envious [enviəs] – завидливий

imaginative ['imæʤineitiv] – наділений багатою уявою

jealous [dзeləs] – ревнивий

responsible [ri'spɔnsibl] – відповідальний

selfish [ selfiʃ] – егоїстичний

sociable [souʃəbl] – товариський

sensitive [sensətiv] – чутливий

patient [peiʃnt] – терплячий

mean [mi: n] – підлий

honest [ɔ: nist] – чесний

a) Complete the sentences with the adjectives from the Word File. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

1.... people always want to win.

2.... people want to be successful in life.

3.... people think about themselves and not about other people.

4.... people think that someone loves another person more than them, or wants what other people have.

5.... people are friendly and enjoy being with other people.

6.... people have an attractive personality that makes people like them.

7. … people are people you can trust.

10. … people show that they like people very much.

 

 

b) Work in pairs. Group up the adjectives above into positive, negative and neutral characteristics.

c) Complete the sentences to make them true for you.

1. With my friends, I'm usually________ and ________.

2. At home, I'm sometimes _______ and _______.

3. At college, I think I need to be more _______ and ______.

4. People usually think I'm _______ and ________.

5. My best friend is usually _______ and _______.

6. My favourite person in the world is my _______ because he's / she's _______ and _______.

d) Choose five or six words which best describe your or your friends character. Explain your choice.

Example: Sociable – I’m sociable because I love being with other people.

Grammar

The Noun

Зчислювані іменники мають форми однини і множини.

Однина (the Singular Number) характеризується відсутністю закінчення: a cap, a table, a teacher, a day.

Множина (the Plural Number) утворюється звичайно додаванням закінчення -s або -es (воно вимовляється [s], [z], [iz]) до форми однини:

a cat — cats a boy — boys a box — boxes

Звук [s] вимовляється після глухих приголосних (крім сибілянтів — шиплячих і свистячих голосних):

a cat — cats a month — months a book — books

Звук [z] вимовляється після дзвінких приголосних (крім сибілянтів) або голосних:

a toy – toys a bag - bags

Звуки [iz] вимовляються після шиплячих і свистячих звуків:

a box — boxes a rose — roses a brush — brushes

Закінчення -es додається в таких випадках:

- коли форма однини закінчується на букви s, ss, x, sh, ch, tch:

a class — classes a fox — foxes a bush — bushes

- коли форма однини закінчується на букву у з попередньою приголосною; при цьому у множині буква у змінюється на букву і:

a story — stories an army — armies

- коли форма однини закінчується на букву о:

а hero — heroes а potato — potatoes

Кінцеве [f], яке на письмі зображується буквами f або fe, змінюється в множині на [v] з додаванням закінчення [z], на письмі -ves:

a knife — knives a life — lives

Деякі іменники утворюють множину зміною голосної кореня без додавання закінчення:

a man — men a goose — geese

a woman — women a mouse — mice

a foot — feet a child— children

a tooth — teeth

Exercise 1 Give the plural form of the following nouns:

A table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play.

Exercise 2 Fill in:

1. The … are playing in the yard. (child)

2. The … were very interesting. (story)

3. We came up to … who were working in the garden. (woman)

4. The … are in the yard. (goose)

5. My … are aching. (tooth)

Lesson 3

My Native Town

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

native – рідний cathedral – собор

ancient – стародавній the Rampart – Вал

region – область record – згадка

1.1 Match the word-combinations:

 

native town	iсторичні пам’ятки
in the north of Ukraine	cтapoдавнє мicтo
on the right bank	перша згадка
an ancient town	рідне місто
the first record	нa півночі України
historical monuments	нa npавомy бepeзi

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text:

My Native Town

Chernihiv is my native town. It is administrative, economic and cultural centre of the region. The city is situated in the north of Ukraine, on the right bank of the river Desna. It is 141 km from Kyiv. The population of Chernihiv is about 300,000 people.

Chernihiv is an ancient town. Its history goes back to the time of Old Russ. The first record of Chernihiv dates back to 907 A.D. There are many historical monuments in the town. They are the Rampart, the Cathedral of the Savior, the Cathedral of SS. Boris and Hlib, the Church of St. Paraskeva Pyatnytsya and others.

Today Chernihiv is a modern city, a big centre of the light and food industries. There are two universities, many institutes, colleges and schools in the town. It has three theatres, some museums, stadiums.

Chernihiv is among the greenest cities of Ukraine. Our town is very beautiful.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Give the English equivalents for:

мicтo; poзташований нa півночi; нa npaвомy березі piчки; icторичні пам’ятки; Baл; Cnacький coбop; cyчacнe мicтo; легка тa xapчовa npoмисловість; декілька музеїв.

3.2 Fill in:

1. It is the administrative, economic and cultural … of the region.2.The city is situated in the... of Ukraine. 3. The... of Chernihiv is about 300,000 people. 4. Its history goes back to the... of Old Russ. 5. There are many... monuments in the town. 6. Today Chernihiv is a... city, a big centre of the light and food industries. 7. It has... theatres, some museums, stadiums. 8. Chernihiv is... the greenest cities of Ukraine.

 

3.3 Say if it is true or false:

1. Chernihiv is administrative, economic and cultural centre of the region.

2. The city is situated in the west of Ukraine.

3. Its history goes back to the time of Old Russ.

4. The first record of Chernihiv dates back to 907 B.C.

5. Today Chernihiv is a modem city, a big centre of the heavy and food industries.

6. There are two universities, many institutes, colleges and schools in the town.

3.4 Read the text twice and retell it.

Grammar

Займенник — частина мови, яка заміняє іменник (ім’я, назву сутності) у реченні. Вказує на предмети, ознаки, кількість, але не називає їх. Займенники діляться на декілька груп, кожна з яких має свої власні граматичні характеристики.

Однина

Називний відмінок Родовий/давальний відмінок

I - я me - мені, мене

he - він him - йому, його

she - вона her - їй, її

it -воно, він, вона it -йому/їй, його/її

Множина

we - ми us - нам, нас

you - ви, ти, Ви you - вам, вас

they - вони them - їм, їх

Займенник “it” часто використовується як формальний підмет в безособових реченнях, в яких говоритися про погоду, час, відстань і різні виміри.

It’s snowing. - Йде сніг.

It’s very cold in the room. - У кімнаті дуже холодно.

It’s three o’clock. - Зараз три години.

It’s two miles to the station. - До станції дві милі.

Самостійна робота №2

Travelling

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

to travel – подорожувати by train – поїздом

by plane – літаком by ship – пароплавом

booking-office – каса on foot – пішки

the fastest way of travelling – найшвидший вид подорожі

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

modern life зупинитися будь-де

travel by train повільніше ніж

buy tickets каса

booking-office сучасне життя

board the plane неможливе без

slower than купити квитки

stop at any place подорожувати потягом

impossible without сідати в літак

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text:
Travelling

Modern life is impossible without travelling. We can travel by plane, by train, by car, by ship, by bus or on foot.

The fastest way of travelling is by plane. We buy tickets in the booking-office, go to the airport and board the plane. The seats in the plane are comfortable. We can sit, read, sleep or look out of the window.

Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. We can see the country we are travelling through.

Many people like to travel by car. Travelling by car we don't buy tickets, we can stop at any place.

Some people are fond of travelling on foot. It is useful for our health.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

modern life; impossible without traveling; travel by plane; the fastest way of traveling; buy tickets in the booking-office; board the plane; is slower than; stop at any place; useful for our health.

 

3.2 Give the English equivalents:

сучасне життя; подорожувати літаком; купити квитки; зручні місця; має свої переваги; зупинитися будь-де; подорожувати пішки; корисно для здоров’я.

 

3.3 Answer the questions to the text:

1. What can we travel by? 2. What is the fastest way of travelling? 3. Where do we buy tickets? 4. What are the seats in the plane? 5. What advantages has travelling by train? 6. Why do many people like to travel by car? 7. What travelling is useful for our health?

 

3.4 Say if it is true or false:

1. Modern life is impossible without travelling.

2. The fastest way of travelling is by train.

Many people like to travel by car.

Travelling by car we have to buy tickets.

Travelling on foot is useful for our health.

The seats in the plane are comfortable.

We can see the country we are travelling by train.

Lesson 4

Introducing People

1. Read and dramatize the dialogues:

Informal Introducing People

- Hi, Yuri. This is my friend Oleg.

- Hello, Oleg. Pleased to meet you.

- Hello! Glad to meet you too.

- Excuse me, here’s my bus. Bye!

- Bye-bye. See you tomorrow.

Pleased to meet you. – Приємно познайомитися.

Excuse me. – Вибачте (пробачте).

Bye. (Bye-bye.) – До побачення.

See you tomorrow. – До завтра.

 

Formal Introducing People

- Boris, meet my colleague, John Smith.

- How do you do, Mr. Smith?

- How do you do? It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

- Yes, it is.

 

How do you do? – Здрастуйте (при знайомстві).

 

2. Read everyday expressions and try to memorize them:

Подяка

Дякую. - Thank you / Thanks.

Велике спасибі. - Thank you very much.

Будь ласка (у відповідь на «дякую») - You're welcome.

Вибачення

Перепрошую (якщо привертаєш увагу) - Excuse me.

Даруйте (якщо вибачаєшся). - Sorry.

Забудьте це. - Forget it.

Пробачте. - I beg your pardon.

 

Прохання

Підемо зі мною! - Come with me!

Будь ласка, викличте лікаря. - Please call а doctor.

Можна поглянути? - May I take а look at it?

Можна позичити Вашу ручку? - Can I borrow your pen?

 

3. Read the dialogue and dramatize it:

Amy: Hi Michael.

Michael: Hi Amy. What's up?

Amy: I'm looking for the airport. Can you tell me how to get there?

Michael: No, sorry. I don't know.

Amy: I think I can take the subway to the airport. Do you know where the subway is?

Michael: Sure, it's over there.

Amy: Where? I don't see it.

Michael: Across the street.

Amy: Oh, I see it now. Thanks.

Michael: No problem.

Amy: Bye.

Michael: Bye bye.

Writing a Letter

Ділові листи англійською мовою обов'язково повинні містити вступне звернення і заключну формулу ввічливості. Вступне звернення пишеться на лівій стороні листа під внутрішньою адресою на окремому рядку, а завершальна формула ввічливості – на правій стороні, в кінці основного тексту, також на окремому рядку.

 

Поширені формули вступного звернення:

Dear Sirs, Шановні панове (строго офіційно)

Dear Sir, Шановний пане (строго офіційно)

Dear Mr. Black, Шановний пане Блек (менш офіційно)

Dear Madam, Шановна пані (строго офіційно)

Dear Mrs. Green, Шановна місіс Грін (менше офіційно)

Dear Miss White, Шановна міс Уайт (менше офіційно)

 

Поширені заключні формули:

Yours faithfully

Faithfully yours

Yours truly З повагою (строго офіційно)

Yours sincerely

Yours Щиро Ваш (менш офіційно)

Підпис

 

Підпис у ділових листах англійською мовою знаходиться на правій стороні бланка під заключною формою

 

4. Read and translate the following lettersand answer the questions:

Informal Letter

10th December

Hi Vic,

How are you? What are you doing this New Year’s Eve? Jean and I have decided to hold a party at home this year, and we’d love it if you could come.

We’re planning quite a small party with our old school friends, so you’ll know all of the guests. There’ll be lots to eat and drink.

You’ll probably be coming by train won’t you? Just give us a ring from the station and I’ll pick you up. As the party will be quite late, you’ll need to stay the night. Don’t worry there’s plenty of room for everybody.

I really hope you can make it. It seems ages since we last

saw. Please let me know as soon as possible.

Lots of love,

Mark

Grammar

Займенники some, any, no

Some – декілька. Використовується у стверджувальних реченнях.

I have some compact disks (CD).

Any – замість some в питальних і заперечних реченнях.

Have you any CD-ROMs?

Any може використовуватися у стверджувальних реченнях у значенні “будь-який”, “який –небудь”.

Give me any book.

No - використовується у заперечних реченнях. Після нього не використовується артикль а. Замість no в заперечних реченнях може вживатися not any.

I have no computer. I have not any CD-ROMs.

 

Exercise 1 Fill in using some, any, no:

 

1. There are... schools in this street. 2. Are there... pictures in your book? 3. There are... flowers here in winter. 4. I can see... children in the yard. They are playing. 5. Are there... new buildings ii your street? 6. There are... people in the park be­cause it is cold. 7. I saw... boys in the garden, but Mike was not among them. 8. They brought... gooc books from the library. 9. Give me... tea, please, I am thirsty. 10. Dinner was not yet ready, so she gave the children... bread and butter because they were hungry. 11. Do you want... milk in your coffee? 12. Have you got... time to spare? I'd like to ask you... questions. 13. Is there... cheese on the plate? 14. There is... ham on the plate. 15. There is... tea in the cup: the cup is empty.

Самостійна робота №3

1. Read the letters (Exercise 4) attentively and write your own

formal or informal letter.

 

Lesson 5

My Future Profession

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Match the words-combinations

 

take care of приносити їжу

wear a uniform операційна

look professional піклуватися

operating room намагатися вдосконалюватися

bring them meals носити спецодяг

try to improve виглядати професійно

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read the text about the nurse's duties in a hospital

A STUDENT NURSE

A nurse takes care of people who are sick. She must learn how to take good care of sick people. A nurse must be a good student at school. She should be healthy herself, eat on time, get plenty of rest and exercises and practice good personal hygiene. She should be a happy person and should like people. When she is a student nurse, she wears a uniform. She is proud of her uniform and keeps it spotless so she always looks professional.

During her practice she gives patients medicine and brings them meals. Sometimes she works in the operating room, helping the doctor, who does a surgery on a patient.

She helps people to walk and takes them in a wheel-chair. She loves to work in the nursery, where she helps to take good care of babies. Sometimes she reads or plays with small children so they won't be afraid of the hospital. She tries to improve by studying hard.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Comprehension. Are the sentences true or false?

Correct false statements.

1. A nurse must take care of her patients.

2. Men can't be nurses.

3. Students study at medical college to take good care of sick people.

4. A nurse must be healthy and eat on time.

5. Patients get plenty of rest and exercises, practice personal hygiene.

6. A nurse is proud of her uniform.

7. During practice a nurse gives ill people a wheel-chair.

8. In the nursery she helps babies.

9. She reads and plays with babies.

10. She must not become a better person by herself.

 

3.2 Answer the questions.

l. What must a nurse do?

2. Where does she go to become a nurse?

3. Must she be a good student at college?

4. What does she wear at college?

5. Does she work in the operating-room or in the surgical department?

6. Where does she help babies?

7. Why must a nurse study hard?

8. When does she look professional?

9. Who is not afraid of a hospital?

10. What does a nurse try to do?

 

3.3 Read and memorize some good rules for nurses:

 

l. Read the order of the doctor before you give medicine.

2. If you made a mistake in your work you must tell the doctor about it at once.

3. Do not be rude when you speak with patients.

4. Learn to control your feelings. When you are angry, count to a hundred.

5. Don't gossip about your patients.

6. Never say the word "incurable" (невиліковний).

Grammar

Самостійна робота №4

1. Write down a composition about your future profession.

Lesson 6

Florence Nightingale

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

wealthy – багатий

to be interested in – цікавитися

to take care of – дбати, піклуватися

wounded – поранений

fame – слава

 

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

to become a nurse організувати реформу

learn the languages довідник

enter the institute медична діяльність

to organize a reform вступити до інституту

a practical book стати медсестрою

medical activities вивчати мову

2. Reading activities

2.1Read and translate the text:

Florence Nightingale

The Nightingales were wealthy and could live wherever they wanted. When William Nightingale married, he and his beautiful bride toured Europe and visited many cities. On May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy, their first child was born and they called their daughter Florence. Later the family lived most of the time in London, England. During her childhood and youth Florence was chiefly interested in taking care of poor people in hospitals; her dream was to become a nurse.

At the age of seventeen she was presented to Queen Victoria; with her sister she toured Italy, Germany and France where she learned the languages of those nations. In Germany Florence entered the nurse institute for a three-month training course. When she was 34 Florence became the Head of the hospital in London. She organized the work of medical nurses very well there. The Sponsors of the hospital were very pleased with her.

During the war in the Crimea, Florence and her nurses took care of the wounded and dying. They brought order and cleanliness into the army hospitals. In England she was asked to organize an army hospital reform. She returned to her native land to popularize nurses' uniforms and the nursing institutes.

The fame of F. Nightingale spread and throughout the world she was known as the "Lady of the Lamp". Today all Nurse Training centers exist due to Florence Nightingale's first institute. She also wrote a practical book entitled Notes on Nursing.

She had much to do with bringing the Red Cross into army medical activities. Florance Nigntingale lived to be very old and on August 13, 1910 at the age of ninety she died.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:

were wealthy; lived most of the time; was chiefly interested; learned the languages; a three-month training course; organized the work of medical nurses; nurses' uniforms; throughout the world; army medical activities.

 

3.2 Suggest the English equivalents:

 

відвідала багато міст; у дитинстві; турбота про бідних людей; стати медсестрою; вступила до медсестринського інституту; очолила лікарню; організувати реформу військових госпіталів; написала довідник; Червоний Хрест.

 

3.3 Answer the questions to the text:

1. When and where was Florence Nightingale born? 2. Where did the family live most of the time? 3. What was Florence chiefly interested in? 4. What institute did Florence enter in Germany? 5. Who did Florence and her nurses take care of during the war in the Crimea? 6. Why did she return to her native land? 7. When did Florence Nightingale die?

 

3.4 Say if it is true or false:

1. The parents called their daughter Florence after her birthplace.

2. The family lived most of the time in Italy.

3. When she was 34 Florence became the Head of the hospital in London.

4. In England she was asked to popularize nurses' uniforms.

5. She also wrote a practical book entitled “Nursing”.

6. Florence Nightingale had much to do with bringing the Red Cross into army medical activities.

7. During the war in Europe, Florence and her nurses took care of the wounded and dying.

 

3.5 Read the text Florence Nightingale attentively and do the tests:

1. Florence Nightingale was born in...
a) a poor family b) a rich family c) a middle class family

2. She was named after ….
a) her grandmother b) a queen c) her birthplace

3. Florence had always wanted to become....
a) a nurse b) a teacher c) a doctor

4. She received her nurse's training in....
a) England b) Germany c) Italy

5. At the age of 34 Florence became....
a) a nurse b) the Head of a hospital c) a doctor

6. Florence Nightingale and her nurses worked in army hospitals during a....
a) war in Africa b) war in the Balkans c) war in the Crimea

7. For her work Florence became well-known throughout....
a) Europe b) England c) the world

8. In Englandshe was asked to organize....
a) The Red Cross b) an army hospital reform c) the network of hospitals

9. Florence Nightingale did much to popularize....
a) nursing institutes b) medical training o f doctors

c) system of nursing

10. Thanks to Florence Nightingale's work army medical activities were continued in ….
a) the United Nations b) the Red Cross c) the British Parliament

Grammar

СТУПЕНІ ПОРІВНЯННЯ ПРИКМЕТНИКІВ

 

Види	Основна форма	Вищий ступень	Найвищий ступeнь
Односкладові та деякі двоскладові	big easy	bigger easier	biggest easiest
Багатоскладові	interesting difficult	more interesting more difficult	most interesting most difficult
Але:	good bad much many little	better worse more more less	best worst most most least

1. Утворіть ступені порівняння:

long, large, clever, interesting, comfortable, many, good, bad, I possible, necessary, little, much, well

2. Поставте прикметники у вищому чи найвищому

ступені:

1. The Danube is (long) than the Dnipro. 2. Nick is (tall) of all. 3. She is (good) student in the group. 4 It is (difficult) text in this I textbook. 5. London is (big) than Oxford.

 

Lesson 7

Our College

1. Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

to take examinations - складати icпити

numerous - численний

credit test - залік

hard - наполегливо

successfully - успішно

to be proud of - пишатися

educational establishment - навчальний заклад

 

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

 

in the centre of the town майбутня професія

well-equipped classes практичні заняття

experienced doctors наполеглево працювати

practical classes у центрі міста

numerous subjects добре обладнані класи

to work hard досвідчені лікарі

future profession численні предмети

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text. Get ready to tell about our college.

Our College

I study at the medical college. It is one of the oldest educational establishments in Ukraine. Our college is in the centre of the town. Chernigov medical college was founded in 1868. Many experienced doctors and teachers work there. There are well-equipped classes and laboratories in the college. Our college has a student’s hostel, a library with a reading-room, a gymnasium and a student’s canteen. Every day we attend lectures and have practical classes in numerous subjects.

There are 2 terms in the academic year. We will take examinations at the end of the term. We have many credit tests too. It is necessary for us to work hard during the academic year if we want to pass our examination session successfully, for «A good beginning makes a good ending». We are proud of our medical college and like our future profession very much.

 

3. Post-reading activities

 

3.1 Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:

one of the oldest educational establishments; experienced doctors and teachers; well-equipped classes and laboratories; attend lectures; it is necessary for us; examination session; numerous subjects.

 

3.2 Suggest the English equivalents:

у центрі міста; заснований; добре обладнані класні кімнати та лабораторії; студентський гуртожиток; студентська їдальня; практичні заняття; навчаль ний рік; на прикінці кожного семестру; пишатися медичним коледжем.

 

3.3 Answer the questions to the text:

1. When was Chernigov medical college founded? 2. Where is our college situated? 3. Our college has a student’s hostel, hasn’t it?

4. How many terms are there in the academic year? 5. Why is it necessary to work hard during the academic year?

 

3.4 Finish the sentences:

1. Our medical college is one of the oldest ….

2. There are well-equipped ….

3. Every day we attend ….

4. There are 2 terms ….

5. A good beginning makes ….

6. We are proud of ….

7. I like my future profession ….

 

Дієслово to be

	Present	Past	Future
I	am	was	shall be
He (she)	is	was	will be
It	is	was	will be
We	are	were	shall be
You	are	were	will be
They	are	were	will be

Заповніть пропуски потрібною формою дієслова to be.

1. I... a medical student now. 2. My father... an old worker. 3. Her brothers... good engineers. 4. My friend... a first-year student. 5. She... at home yesterday. 6. Tarasenko... a doctor next year. 7.I... a doctor in five years. 8. We... at the lesson.

9. I... at the English lesson yesterday.

Загальні запитання

Are you a student? — Yes, I am. No, I am not. Is he a doctor? — Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Альтернативні запитання Are you a student or a doctor? — I am a student.

Спеціальні запитання

Where are the students? — (They are) at the lecture. What are you? — (I am) a student.

Дайте відповіді на запитання у стверджувальній або заперечній формі:.

1. Is Petrenko a student of our Institute? 2. Is she a first-year student? 3. Are they Ukrainians? 4. Is the T. V. set on the table? 5. Were you ill last week? 6. Are you well? 7. Was he at the lecture yesterday? 8. Will you be at the meeting tomorrow? 9. Is he a worker or a student?

Поставте спеціальні запитання до речень, починаючи їх пи-

тальними словами, що в дужках:

1. His name is Peter. (What?) 2. He is at the lecture. (Where?) 3. His father is a worker. (What?) 4. Nina is ill. (Who?) 5. They are at home. (Where?) 6. He was a doctor. (What?) 7. They were at the English lesson yesterday. (When?) 8. The students are in this hall. (What hall?)

 

Перекладіть речення англійською мовою:

1. Я студент медичного інституту. 2. Мій друг— студент педагогічного інституту. 3. Ми студенти першого курсу. 4. Вона знаходиться в інституті. 5. Вони українці, а він росіянин. 6. Вчора я був на лекції. 7. Ми будемо лікарями через п'ять.років. 8. Ваш батько робітник? 9. Хто ви? 10. Де ваші підручники?

Lesson 8

I Am a Student

1. Pre-reading activities

1.2 Read and memorize the words:

to attend – відвідувати subject – предмет

twice – дівчі experience – досвід

society – гурток institution – заклад

Pharmacology - фармакологія Therapy – терапія

Surgery – хірургія Pediatrics – педіатрія

auditorium – аудиторія laboratory - лабораторія

canteen – ідальня gym - спортзал

Obstetrics and Gynecology – акушерство та гінекологія

to enter the college – вступити до коледжу

academic year – навчальний рік

 

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

attend lectures практичний досвід

have practical classes різні предмети

different subjects двічі на рік

practical experience практична підготовка

foreign language відвідувати лекції

twice a year мати практичні заняття

practical training іноземна мова

 

2. Reading activities

2.1 Read and translate the text

 

І AM A STUDENT

My surname is Petrenko. I am 19 years old. I am a first-year student of the medical college. I am glad that I entered this college as I want to become a nurse.

Our academic year begins in September and is over in June. We have two terms in the course of the academic year. During the academic year our students attend many lectures and have practical classes. As a rule they are very busy.

They have the lectures on different subjects. The first-year students study Anatomy, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Latin, foreign languages and other subjects. We study English. At the English lessons we read, speak and write exercises.

From the second year the students begin to study medical subjects. Twice a year the students take their examinations. Our students have their practical training at many hospitals, polyclinics and other medical institutions. Many of them do the research work at different societies. The future nurses must have good knowledge and practical experience.

 

3. Post-reading activities

3.1 Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

a first-year student; to become a nurse; have two terms; very busy; different subjects; foreign languages; to study medical subjects; medical institutions; have good knowledge.

 

3.2 Give the English equivalents:

медичний коледж; навчальний рік; закінчується; відвідувати багато лекцій; двічі на рік; складати екзамени; займатися науково-дослідною роботою; різні гуртки.

 

3.3 Дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту:

1. Are you a student of the medical college? 2. What year student are you? 3. Are you glad that you entered this college? 4. When does the academic year begin? 5. When is it over? 6. What do the students do during the academic year? 7. What subjects do the first-year students study? 8. What do you do at the English lessons? 9. What subjects do the students begin to study from the second year? 10. Where have the students their practical training? 11. Where do the students do the research work?

Grammar

Зворот there is (there are)

Зворот there is (there are) вживаєтьсч в значенні знаходиться, є, але може не перекладатися.

 

Порівняйте речення:

There is a telephone in this room. У цій кімнаті є телефон.

The telephone is in this room. Телефон (є) у цій кімнаті.

Перекладіть речення українською мовою:

There is a blackboard on the wall. 2. The blackboard is on the wall. 3. There are many textbooks on the table. 4. Ten textbooks are on the shelf. 5. There are many children in the park. 6. These children are in the park. 7. On this table there is a dictionary. 8. The dictionary is on the table.

 

Форми звороту there is (there are) у часах групи Indefinite

Present	Past	Future
there is there are	there was there were	there will be there will be

 

Поставте речення в минулому (Past Indefinite) і майбутньому (Future Indefinite) часах:

Зразок: There is a big hospital in the village.

There was a big hospital in the village.

There will be a big hospital in the village.

1. There is a nice park near the Institute. 2. There are fifteen students in our group. 3. There is a meeting in that hall. 4. There are many people there. 5. There is a dictionary on the shelf. 6. There are very many English books in this library. 7. In this street there is a school.

Загальні і спеціальні запитання

Is there a book on the table? Yes, there is.

No, there isn’t.

Are there any students in this room? Yes, there are.

No, there aren’t.

What is there on the table?

How many students are there in this room?

 

Поставте спеціальні запитання до речень, починаючи їх пи­тальними словами, які стоять у дужках:

І. There are three rooms in their flat. (How many?) 2. There is a red pencil in the box. (What pencil?) 3. There was a nice park near this hospital. (What park?) 4. There is a telephone on the table. (What?) 5. There are some English books on the shelf. (What books?) 6. Many English books are on the tables. (What books?) 7. There is a big hospital near our Institute. (What hospital?) 8. Many students are in the classroom. (Where?)

Complete the sentences with the right form of the verb to be.

Example: There is a book and two pens on the table. There are two pens and a book on the table.

1. There ___ two men at the door.

2. There ___ a good clothes shop not far from here.

3. There ___ a lot of people at the concert today.

4. There ___ a policewoman over there.

5. There ___ a dog and a cat in the garden.

6. There ___ no money in my bank account.

7. There ___ four people in my family.

8. There ___ no news from my friends.

Самостійна робота №5

1. Get ready to speak on the topic I Am a Student.

 

Lesson 9

The Student’s Working Day

1 Pre-reading activities

1.1 Read and memorize the words:

to wake – прокидатися

to dress – одягатися

to leave home виходити з дому

have a break – мати перерву

daily actions – щоденні дії

to cope with – справлятися з

home assignment – домашнє завдання

to do chorеs – виконувати хатню роботу

 

1.2 Match the words-combinations:

do morning exercises ходити на прогулянку

make bed студентська їдальня

work hard трохи відпочити

students' canteen робити зарядку

have a short rest лягати спати

go out for a walk застилати ліжко

go to bed наполеглево прцювати

 

2. Reading activities

2.1Read and translate the text:

 

The Student’s Working Day

On week-days I get up at 7 o'clock in the morning. I do my morning exercises, make my bed, clean my teeth, wash and dress. I live in the hostel. It is not far from the college and it takes me only 5 minutes to get there. Our lessons begin at half past eight. We have three lectures and practical lessons every day. We work hard.

After classes I usually go to the students' canteen and have dinner. And then I go to the library where I prepare for my classes. I usually do my homework in the reading-hall of our library.

I come home from the college and have a short rest. I read books and newspapers, go out for a walk, visit my friends, or just watch a TV programs. Once a week I go to the cinema.

On week-days I go to bed at eleven o'clock.

 

3. Post reading activities

3.1 Answer the following questions:

I. Where do you study? 2. When does your academic year begin? 3, How long does it last? 4. Do you go to the college every day? 5. When do you get up on week-days? 6. What do you usually do in the morning? 7. Do you live in the hostel or at home with your family? 8. How long does it take you to get to the college? 9. Do you go to the college by bus or on foot? 10. When do your classes begin? 11. Where do you have breakfast (dinner)? 12. Where do you usually go after classes? 13. What do you usually do after classes? 14. What do you usually do