Fill in the proper words or phrases.

1) One of the objects of travel is to go.......

2) It is a... who is always ready to call someone else "queer".

3) The motivation factors for travelling are...,...,......... and....

4) Many people plan to go on... for the weekend.

5) Some people prefer to go to the seaside by..., as it is very comfortable and rather cheap.

6) Some people like to travel by..., others — by... or by....

7) Active pursuits are:...,..., excursions by..., horse or... to far­away places.

8) For each type of people...try to offer package holidays.

9) A package holiday is a holiday, which is arranged by... at a..., which includes...,..., and....

10) A ''last minute" package is a package that someone for up to...% less than the original cost.

11) A few people who "go it alone", choosing their own... and... their tickets and... themselves.

12)... was one of the first travel agents.

13) The first tour in the modern sense was organised by Thomas Cook in..., in....

 

Make up the questions to which the following sentences might be the answers.

1) Travelling keeps us from growing stale and old.

2) The beauty-spots of the world are magnets drawing travellers year after year.

3) The other motivation factors for travelling are leisure, busi­ness, health, congresses and other meetings, study and reli­gion.

4) Some people prefer to go to the seaside by car because it is very comfortable and rather cheap.

5) Some people prefer to travel by plane, by train or by ship.

6) A package holiday includes travel, hotels, and meals.

7) Thomas Cook was one of the first travel agents.

___________________________________________________________________

Read text 2 for detail.

Text 2

BASIC DEFINITIONS IN TOURISM

The World Tourism Organization distinguishes between three basic forms of tourism:

- domestic tourism, involving residents of the given country travelling only within the country;

- inbound tourism, involving non-residents travelling in anoth­er country;

-outbound tourism, involving residents travelling in another country. International tourism consists of inbound and outbound tourism. Basic definitions of tourism were established at the United Nations (Conference on Tourism and International Travel, Rome 1963) and by the United Nations Commission on Statistics (April 1968).

These definitions were revised and updated at the World Tour­ism Organization (WTO) conference in Ottawa in June 1991 and certain recommendations were formulated. Most countries have adopted these definitions.

In fact, travellers can be categorized in four ways:

- Domestic visitors;

- International visitors;

- International tourists;

- Excursionists.

For statistical purposes, the term "domestic visitor" describes any person residing in a country, who travels to a place within the country, outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceed­ing 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than an ac­tivity for which he/she is paid within the place visited.

The term ''international visitor" describes any person visiting a country other than that in which he or she has usual place of resi­dence. The length of stay must not exceed 12 months.

Certain types of travellers are excluded from the category of "tourist" for reasons other than that of residency. These are:

- people travelling for political reasons: refugees;

- people travelling for political/professional reasons: migrants, members of the armed forces, diplomats, embassy staff;

- people travelling for professional reasons: nomads, border workers, seasonal workers, couriers;

- people sent abroad by their companies or government;

- transit passengers and permanent immigrants.

People who travel to work in a foreign country and are paid by this country have different motives for travelling than other visitors to the country. The WTO has devised a system of classifying inter­national visitors, which separates visitors that must be included in international tourism statistics from those that must not.

A visitor whose length of stay in a country reaches or exceeds 24 hours, thus spending at least one night in the visited country, is clas­sified as an international tourist. If classified as same-day visitors, travellers can stay in the country less than 24 hours.

The excursionist is a foreign visitor whose stay does not exceed 24 hours.

The economic impact of the international excursionist is very- important to small isolated countries, which receive cruise-ship pas­sengers.

When classified as same-day visitors, travellers spend the night on ship. The excursionist therefore does not spend the night in the country he is visiting.

It is difficult, however, to determine the tourism definition of a short trip. Generally, a journey is a trip when a minimum distance has been covered or when there has been a change of administrative district.

 

Find in the text synonyms to the words.

to divide, to correct, to classify, to include, to accept, to live, gen­eral, to modernize, to set up, to be composed of, objective

 

Complete the chart.

Travellers
Included in tourism statistics	Excluded from tourism statistics
Visitors	1. Refugees 2. 3. - - 13.
1. Domestic visitors 2. 3. 4.

 

Answer the following questions using your chart.

1) What groups are travellers divided into?

2) What types of travellers are excluded from the category of "tourist"?

3) What types of travellers are included in tourism statistics '

4) What are the main purposes of travelling?

 

 

5. Complete the sentences.

1) There are three basic forms of tourism:...,...,....

2) involves residents of the given country travelling with in the country.

3) … … involves non-residents travelling in another country.

4) … … involves residents travelling in another country.

5) Basic definitions of tourism were established at... and....

6) International tourism consists of... and... tourism.

7) The term describes any person residing in a country, who travels to a place within the country for a period not ex­ceeding 12 months.

8) The term describes any person visiting a country other

than that in which he or she has usual place of residence for a period not exceeding 12 months.

9) The... is a foreign visitor whose stay does not exceed 24 hours.

10) A visitor whose length of stay in a country reaches or exceeds 24 hours is classified as a … ….

 

Act as an interpreter. Translate the sentences from Russian into English and from English into Russian.

I — Interviewer Mr. S. — Mr. Smirnov

I. Mr. Smirnov works for the World Tourism Organization in Mos­cow and has come to the studio to talk to us about the modern tourist industry. Mr. Smirnov, tell us, please, what a tourist is.

 

Mr. S. Турист — это человек, который посещает место, отличное от его обычного проживания, и остается там в течение более 24-х часов. Цели путешествия разнообразны: отдых, посещение друзей и родственников и т.д.

I. How long can tourists stay in a country?

Mr. S. He более одного года. Причем, путешественники под­разделяются на две группы: посетители, которые оста­ются в стране, по меньшей мере, на ночь, и дневные посетители, которые не остаются на ночь. Например, пассажиры корабля.

 

I. It's interesting to know what types of travellers are excluded from the category of "tourist".

Mr. S. Это люди, путешествующие по политическим сообра­жениям: политические эмигранты, а также постоянные и временные эмигранты, дипломаты, военные, кочевники, приграничные рабочие, сезонные рабочие, курьеры, транзитные пассажиры и т.п.

 

I. We wonder what categories tourism is divided into.

Mr. S. Мы можем различать три вида туризма: внутренний туризм, въездной и выездной туризм. Международный туризм состоит из въездного и выездного туризма. Он подразумевает, что турист путешествует между двумя и более странами. Внутренний туризм означает, что человек путешествует в пределах страны своего постоянного местожительства.

 

I. I see. So we have domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.

 

7. Review tasks.

1) Imagine that you work for the International Tourism Orga­nization. Speak on modern trends in tourism.

2) Characterize the trends in tourism in Russia.

 

Scan text 3 and headline it.

Divide the text into some logical parts.

Headline the logical parts.

____________________________________________________________________

 

Read text 1 for detail and make up a plan of it.

Text 1

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation is an important aspect in the total tourist indus­try because it is an essential feature of tourism.

During the 19th century railroads spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world. They formed the first successful system of mass transportation, carrying a lot of people to such English seaside: resorts as Brighton, Margate and Blackpool.

Steamships were developed at the same time as railroads. By 1900, they were used for carrying passengers and freight.

In the second half of the 20th century the automobile has re­placed the railroad for most local travel. It offers convenience.

The traveller can depart from his own home and arrive at his destination without transferring luggage or coping with any of the other difficulties. The apparent costs of a trip by automobile are also lower, especially for family groups.

A very large percentage of domestic tourism now takes advan­tage of the automobile for transportation. In Europe, where the dis­tance from one national board to another may be very short, auto­mobiles are also used extensively for international journeys.

For long-distance travel, the airplane has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier. The railroads have suffered on short-distance routes as well as on long-distance routes. Motor bus­es or coaches as they are called in England have replaced railroad passenger service on many local routes.

Ships still play an important part in tourism for the purpose of cruising. A cruise is a voyage by ship that is made for pleasure rather than to arrive quickly at a fixed destination. The cruise ship acts as the hotel for the passengers as well as their means of transportation. When the tourists reach a port, they are usually conducted on one-day excursions, but they are to return to the ship to eat and to sleep.

Ships play another part in modern tourism as car ferries. Partic­ularly in Europe, the tourist who wants to have his car with him on a trip has to take advantage of car ferries across the English Chan­nel or the Strait of Gibraltar. The city of Dover on the English Channel handles the largest volume of passenger traffic of any port in the UK primarily because of car ferries services.

The airlines are now very prominent in the tourist industry and it is important to remember that there are two kinds of airline oper­ations, scheduled and nonscheduled.

A scheduled airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times ac­cording to a timetable that is available to the public.

A nonscheduled airline operates on routes and at times when there is a demand for the service. The non-scheduled airline is, in other words, a charter operation that rents its aircraft. The sched­uled airlines aim their services primarily at business travellers, at people visiting friends and relatives, and at others who travel alone or in small groups. A scheduled airline flight is usually filled with travellers going to the same destination.

As seating capacity increased with the introduction of newer, larger and faster planes, the airlines were able to offer a percentage of their seats for sale through travel agents or tour operators.

IT stands for inclusive tour, a travel package that offers both transportation and accommodations, and often entertainment as well.

Another important abbreviation in tourism is CIT, charter inclu­sive tour is one that uses a charter plane for transportation. Charter plane is an aircraft that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary. Charter inclusive tours are sold at even lower fares than the inclusive tours on the scheduled airlines.

 

Notes:

the English Channel	Ла-Манш
the Strait of Gibraltar [dзi 'brﺭ:ltә]	Гибралтарский пролив