Scan text 1 and divide it into logical parts.

Scan text 1 and divide it into logical parts.

Headline the logical parts.

Text 1.

TRAVELLING

Travelling is necessary to us all. It keeps us from growing stale and old by giving us that movement and change, which are neces­sary to our life. Every child spends a large proportion of its time in a dream about trees, or the sea, or central Africa, or some other subject.

One of the objects of travel is to go in search of beauty. The beauty-spots of the world are magnets drawing travellers year after year. More valuable to the traveller is the knowledge, which he gets from other people. It is a stay-at-home who is always ready to call someone else "queer" because his ways are different. The more a person has sympathy with all sorts of ways, the easier it is for him to understand another point of view. The other motivation factors for travelling are leisure, business, health, congresses and other meet­ings, study and religion.

Many people plan to go on a two-day trip for the weekend. If young people are away from home they may go home to stay with some relatives or friends. Some people prefer to go to the seaside by car, as it is very comfortable and rather cheap. Some people like to travel by plane, by train or by ship.

Today, travel agents offer all kinds of holidays to all types of people, as nearly everybody can afford some sort of holiday. Travel agents' windows are full of ads (advertisements), especially during the summer months. Active pursuits are water sports, rock climbing, and excursions by bike, horse riding or simply walking to faraway places. Travel agents think that their customers consist of certain types of people. For each type, they try to offer the "'right" price in the "'right" country. All this must be planned very carefully. So, while most people are still busy buying Christmas presents, the trav­el agents have already decided where their customers will be going next summer, what kind of things they will be doing there and how much money they will be spending on their holidays.

A package holiday is a holiday, which is arranged by a company at a fixed price, which includes travel, hotels, and meals. It is very popular. In many countries if you go to a travel agent you can buy a "last minute" package or package holidays that someone has can­celled for up to 50% less than the original cost.

In spite of the many advantages which travel agents can offer, there are still quite a few people who "go it alone", choosing their own destination and booking their tickets and accommodation themselves.

Travel agencies started long ago. Thomas Cook was one of the first travel agents. He started to organize excursions by train in the middle of the last century. Later on, he also organized excursions from England to the European continent. The first tour in the mod­ern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in England, in 1841, and the firm of Thomas Cook and Sons has remained one of the fa­mous names in the tourist industry.

Sometimes the agents are right (people will be doing exactly what the travel agents have planned for them) but sometimes they are wrong. All this makes their business rather risky, because if they make mistakes, they can lose a lot of money.

 

Notes:
1. to keep smb. of us from growing stale and old	не давать «застаиваться» и стареть
2. queer	странный, чудаковатый
3. go it alone	идти своим путем
4. to put together	зд.: организовывать

 

Fill in the proper words or phrases.

1) One of the objects of travel is to go.......

2) It is a... who is always ready to call someone else "queer".

3) The motivation factors for travelling are...,...,......... and....

4) Many people plan to go on... for the weekend.

5) Some people prefer to go to the seaside by..., as it is very comfortable and rather cheap.

6) Some people like to travel by..., others — by... or by....

7) Active pursuits are:...,..., excursions by..., horse or... to far­away places.

8) For each type of people...try to offer package holidays.

9) A package holiday is a holiday, which is arranged by... at a..., which includes...,..., and....

10) A ''last minute" package is a package that someone for up to...% less than the original cost.

11) A few people who "go it alone", choosing their own... and... their tickets and... themselves.

12)... was one of the first travel agents.

13) The first tour in the modern sense was organised by Thomas Cook in..., in....

 

Make up the questions to which the following sentences might be the answers.

1) Travelling keeps us from growing stale and old.

2) The beauty-spots of the world are magnets drawing travellers year after year.

3) The other motivation factors for travelling are leisure, busi­ness, health, congresses and other meetings, study and reli­gion.

4) Some people prefer to go to the seaside by car because it is very comfortable and rather cheap.

5) Some people prefer to travel by plane, by train or by ship.

6) A package holiday includes travel, hotels, and meals.

7) Thomas Cook was one of the first travel agents.

___________________________________________________________________

Read text 2 for detail.

Text 2

Find in the text synonyms to the words.

to divide, to correct, to classify, to include, to accept, to live, gen­eral, to modernize, to set up, to be composed of, objective

 

Complete the chart.

Travellers
Included in tourism statistics	Excluded from tourism statistics
Visitors	1. Refugees 2. 3. - - 13.
1. Domestic visitors 2. 3. 4.

 

Answer the following questions using your chart.

1) What groups are travellers divided into?

2) What types of travellers are excluded from the category of "tourist"?

3) What types of travellers are included in tourism statistics '

4) What are the main purposes of travelling?

 

 

5. Complete the sentences.

1) There are three basic forms of tourism:...,...,....

2) involves residents of the given country travelling with in the country.

3) … … involves non-residents travelling in another country.

4) … … involves residents travelling in another country.

5) Basic definitions of tourism were established at... and....

6) International tourism consists of... and... tourism.

7) The term describes any person residing in a country, who travels to a place within the country for a period not ex­ceeding 12 months.

8) The term describes any person visiting a country other

than that in which he or she has usual place of residence for a period not exceeding 12 months.

9) The... is a foreign visitor whose stay does not exceed 24 hours.

10) A visitor whose length of stay in a country reaches or exceeds 24 hours is classified as a … ….

 

Act as an interpreter. Translate the sentences from Russian into English and from English into Russian.

I — Interviewer Mr. S. — Mr. Smirnov

I. Mr. Smirnov works for the World Tourism Organization in Mos­cow and has come to the studio to talk to us about the modern tourist industry. Mr. Smirnov, tell us, please, what a tourist is.

 

Mr. S. Турист — это человек, который посещает место, отличное от его обычного проживания, и остается там в течение более 24-х часов. Цели путешествия разнообразны: отдых, посещение друзей и родственников и т.д.

I. How long can tourists stay in a country?

Mr. S. He более одного года. Причем, путешественники под­разделяются на две группы: посетители, которые оста­ются в стране, по меньшей мере, на ночь, и дневные посетители, которые не остаются на ночь. Например, пассажиры корабля.

 

I. It's interesting to know what types of travellers are excluded from the category of "tourist".

Mr. S. Это люди, путешествующие по политическим сообра­жениям: политические эмигранты, а также постоянные и временные эмигранты, дипломаты, военные, кочевники, приграничные рабочие, сезонные рабочие, курьеры, транзитные пассажиры и т.п.

 

I. We wonder what categories tourism is divided into.

Mr. S. Мы можем различать три вида туризма: внутренний туризм, въездной и выездной туризм. Международный туризм состоит из въездного и выездного туризма. Он подразумевает, что турист путешествует между двумя и более странами. Внутренний туризм означает, что человек путешествует в пределах страны своего постоянного местожительства.

 

I. I see. So we have domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.

 

7. Review tasks.

1) Imagine that you work for the International Tourism Orga­nization. Speak on modern trends in tourism.

2) Characterize the trends in tourism in Russia.

 

Headline the logical parts.

____________________________________________________________________

 

Text 1

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation is an important aspect in the total tourist indus­try because it is an essential feature of tourism.

During the 19th century railroads spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world. They formed the first successful system of mass transportation, carrying a lot of people to such English seaside: resorts as Brighton, Margate and Blackpool.

Steamships were developed at the same time as railroads. By 1900, they were used for carrying passengers and freight.

In the second half of the 20th century the automobile has re­placed the railroad for most local travel. It offers convenience.

The traveller can depart from his own home and arrive at his destination without transferring luggage or coping with any of the other difficulties. The apparent costs of a trip by automobile are also lower, especially for family groups.

A very large percentage of domestic tourism now takes advan­tage of the automobile for transportation. In Europe, where the dis­tance from one national board to another may be very short, auto­mobiles are also used extensively for international journeys.

For long-distance travel, the airplane has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier. The railroads have suffered on short-distance routes as well as on long-distance routes. Motor bus­es or coaches as they are called in England have replaced railroad passenger service on many local routes.

Ships still play an important part in tourism for the purpose of cruising. A cruise is a voyage by ship that is made for pleasure rather than to arrive quickly at a fixed destination. The cruise ship acts as the hotel for the passengers as well as their means of transportation. When the tourists reach a port, they are usually conducted on one-day excursions, but they are to return to the ship to eat and to sleep.

Ships play another part in modern tourism as car ferries. Partic­ularly in Europe, the tourist who wants to have his car with him on a trip has to take advantage of car ferries across the English Chan­nel or the Strait of Gibraltar. The city of Dover on the English Channel handles the largest volume of passenger traffic of any port in the UK primarily because of car ferries services.

The airlines are now very prominent in the tourist industry and it is important to remember that there are two kinds of airline oper­ations, scheduled and nonscheduled.

A scheduled airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times ac­cording to a timetable that is available to the public.

A nonscheduled airline operates on routes and at times when there is a demand for the service. The non-scheduled airline is, in other words, a charter operation that rents its aircraft. The sched­uled airlines aim their services primarily at business travellers, at people visiting friends and relatives, and at others who travel alone or in small groups. A scheduled airline flight is usually filled with travellers going to the same destination.

As seating capacity increased with the introduction of newer, larger and faster planes, the airlines were able to offer a percentage of their seats for sale through travel agents or tour operators.

IT stands for inclusive tour, a travel package that offers both transportation and accommodations, and often entertainment as well.

Another important abbreviation in tourism is CIT, charter inclu­sive tour is one that uses a charter plane for transportation. Charter plane is an aircraft that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary. Charter inclusive tours are sold at even lower fares than the inclusive tours on the scheduled airlines.

 

Notes:

the English Channel	Ла-Манш
the Strait of Gibraltar [dзi 'brﺭ:ltә]	Гибралтарский пролив

 

Answer the questions.

1) What part does transportation play in the tourism industry?

2) When did railroads spread?

3) When were steamships developed?

4) Why have railroads and ships lost much of their business?

5) What means of transportation has become the principal car­rier for long distance travel?

6) Why are cars the most popular means of transportation?

7) Why do ships play an important part in tourism?

8) What is a cruise?

9) What is a car ferry?

10) What are the two kinds of airline operations?

11) What is the difference between scheduled and nonscheduled airlines?

12) What does IT stand for?

13) What does CIT mean?

 

Speak on the problems.

a. The history of transportation development.

b. The most important means of transportation today.

c. Different kinds of airline operations and special air fares.

d. Sea transportation.

____________________________________________________________________

Read and translate text 1.

Text 1

FOOD SERVICE

Food services are a feature of hotels. The typical modern "package I hotel" includes a restaurant, a cafe shop for quicker and less expensive meals, and a bar or cocktail lounge. Many larger hotels have several restaurants, often featuring different kinds of foods, as well as different j prices. Hotels provide room service — food and drink that are brought I to the guest's room In addition, catering service is usually provided in j the hotel's recreational areas. The poolside bar and snack bar for quick food are normal part of the service at a resort hotel.

Food, in fact, may be one of the reasons why people travel Many people go out of their way to visit France; for example, be­cause of the gourmet meals those are served there. Similarly, the ex­cellent restaurants of Hong Kong constitute one of its principal tourist attractions.

The range of food service in hotels and restaurants today is ex­tensive. In the first category, there are restaurants offering the high­est grade of service with a full a la carte menu. These include dishes served by the waiter from a trolley in the dinning-room and are known as gueridon service. The gueridon waiter has to cook special­ity dishes at the table.

A second type of service is silver w here the menu can be either a la carte or table d'hote. In this system, the food is prepared in the kitchen and then put on to silver plates and presented to the guests in the dinning-room.

A third form of table service is plate service. The waiter receives the meal already plated from the service hotplate and only has to plate it in front of the guest. Plate service is offered where speedy service is necessary.

In a fourth type of service, called self-service, a customer collects a tray from the service counter, chooses his dishes and selеcts the appropriate cutlery for the meal.

Today, with increasing needs for economy, many establishments usually prefer a variety of types of service. Tourist hotels, for example, frequently offer a combination of self-service and plate service for breakfast and another combination of self-service and silver service for luncheon.

 

2.Explain the meanings of the following expressions taken from the text.

1) extensive range of food service

2) dishes served from a trolley

3) the meal plated from the service hotplate

4) to select the appropriate cutlery

 

Answer the questions.

1) What does the service with a full a la carte menu include?

2) What does silver service mean?

3) What is the difference between silver service and plate ser­vice?

4) What type of service is called self-service?

5) Why is self-service often used by hotels?

6) What combination of services do tourist hotels offer?

 

Text 3

THE SWEDISH BOARD

The service food system of "'the Swedish Board" type is a great advantage for the guests — they needn't wait for the waiters and checks. Breakfast is served from 8 to 10, dinner from 12 to 15, sup­per from 6 to 8. As a rule supper is arranged for conferences, con­gresses and symposia.

Various juices, fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, salads, cercals. meat, milk and egg dishes, butter, pan-cakes cheese-cakes and pastry are recommended for breakfast.

Fish assorty and fresh vegetables, fish in marinade, jellied fish, meat assorty, Russian salad, herring in dressing, mixed green salad can be recommended for appetizers for dinner. For soups guests can have clear soup and toast or patty, borshch or vegetable soup. In season — okroshka or cold beetroot soup. For the main course — fried fish and chips (chipped potatoes), plain beefsteak and vegeta­bles, poultry or game dishes.

For a sweet we can recommend ice-cream with jam, fresh and stewed fruit, tea with lemon, black coffee, mineral water and special beverages. Before dinner iced water is served.

Fresh red caviar, spicy fish snacks — sprats, salt-sprats, sardines; hot and cold smoked fish, ham, jellied tongue, cold meat cuts and also roast chicken, turkey, hazel grouse, suckling-pig; soda-water, mineral water, lemon squash, juices and special cooling beverages are served for supper.

The assortment of appetizers, dishes and beverages should be various. The guests should taste a little of each dish.

National traditions and other peculiarities should be taken into account.

The Swedish Board is placed in the centre of the hall, the tables for four guests are near the walls. The plates with snacks and other dishes are served in the centre of the Swedish Board (and also sets for taking food).

The snack-plates are served near the edge.

The guests come up to the Swedish Board, take the snack-plates, make choice of the appetizers, dishes and cooling beverages and take their seats at the tables.

For dessert a separate table is arranged close by. The waiter can help the guests if necessary.

The guests can buy vodka, wines, cigarettes, beer, coffee, miner­al water and pastry for cash money in the restaurant hall.

 

Notes:

advantage	преимущество	sets for taking food	приборы для перекладывания пищи
peculiarity [pikju:li 'riti]	особенность
to take into account	принимать в расчет, учитывать	edge	край (стола)

 

_________________________________________________________________

 

 

DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION

IN TOURISM

Word List

1.	research	исследование
2.	to involve	вовлекать, включать в себя; вызывать (последствия), влечь за собой
3.	market	рынок
4.	to be engaged in to engage;	привлекать (внимание); занимать (время) заниматься чем-л.
5.	to promote promotion	содействовать, поощрять, поддерживать; рекламировать содействие, поощрение, стимулирование; рекламирование
6.	to regulate regulation	контролировать; регулировать правило, предписание, инструкция, регулирование
7.	requirement	требование
8.	entry formalities	формальности при въезде в страну, нормы и правила въезда в страну
9.	to discourage ant.: to encourage	отговаривать, отсоветовать; расхолаживать поощрять, поддерживать; стимулировать
10.	to restrict	ограничивать
11.	fee	вступительный (членский) взнос; гонорар, вознаграждение; плата за обучение
12.	to maintain	поддерживать; сохранять; содержать (в исправности, в чистоте)
13.	expenditure	трата, расход; потребление
14.	impact	влияние, воздействие
15.	to undertake	предпринимать; брать на себя определенные обязательства
16.	benefit	польза, выгода, преимущество
17.	to attempt	пробовать, пытаться
18.	environment	окружение; окружающая среда; окружающая обстановка
19.	to be in favour of	быть за...; стоять за что-либо; быть сторонником чего-либо
20.	government	правительство
21.	to relax	ослаблять, смягчать, делать менее строгим
22.	day-to-day	повседневный
23.	county	графство (англ.), округ (америк.)
24.	development	развитие; сооружение

 

 

Phonetics

 

Work, at the words

Match the synonyms.

to include, to be engaged in, to encourage, to try, to limit, to at­tract, to take on, to keep up, to involve, to promote, to engage, to be involved in, to restrict, to attempt, to maintain, to undertake.

 

4. Pick out the English equivalents from list A to the following Rus­sian expressions in list B.

A: direct investment in tourism development; entry formalities; to determine the social impact of tourism on an area; to promote a flow of tourism; to be involved in day-to-day regulation of tourism; economic benefits; unrestricted growth and expansion of tourism; financial arrangements; indirect investment; to determine the market potential; to perform the research.

В: правила въезда в страну; проводить исследования; финансо­вые условия; заниматься повседневным регулированием ту­ризма; способствовать развитию туризма; определять соци­альное воздействие туризма на регион; экономические выго­ды; определять потенциал рынка; прямое инвестирование развития туризма; неограниченное развитие туризма; опос­редованное инвестирование.

 

Work at your Grammar

The Infinitive

(Инфинитив)

	Voice
Active	Passive
Indefinite Continuous to	to ask to be asking	be asked –	Действие, одновременное или последующее по отношению к действию глагола-сказуемого
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked	Действие, предшествую­щее действию глагола- сказуемого

 

 

Translate the text.

Text 1

IN TOURISM

The roles of government are very important for tourism. They set the policy of their country towards tourism. To regulate the dif­ferent components of the tourist industry is one of their tasks.

Travel is made easier when there are no visa requirements and when the entry formalities are simple. Visa is a travel document that gives permission for a foreigner to enter, or in some cases to leave another country. It is important for tourist promotion to relax the kind of regulation that is usually called "'red tape''.

National policy can also discourage tourism. Any country can­not provide accommodations and catering services or is able to re­strict the length of time a traveller can stay in that country. To re­strict entry some countries have set visa and entrance requirements.

Governments are also involved in day-to-day regulation of tour­ism including various kinds of licensing.

A license to be taken is a document giving permission to carry on a particular kind of activity after paying a fee.

Governments perform the research and analysis that result in sta­tistics on the tourist industry. Research generally means collecting data that can be put into statistical form and the analysis means inter­preting trends from the statistical figures. Research involves travel sta­tistics, tourist expenditures, the purpose of the trip or the tourist's re­actions to his holiday. Deeper research makes it possible to find out why tourists visited a particular resort and what their reactions were. The main aim of another kind of research is to determine the social impact of tourism on an area. It is necessary for governments to be engaged in promoting a flow of tourism. In many countries, tourism is so important that its interests are represented at the ministerial level of government. To promote tourism counties or regions, relax some regulations. The location and density of new developments to be reg­ulated affects spreading the economic benefits more widely.

Where government investment in tourism is not direct, there must be an indirect investment in the form of building or improving the infrastructure. The infrastructure consists of those things that are necessary before development can take place — roads, electrici­ty, telephone service, airports, and water supply. The facilities to be based on the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

Before a government undertakes tourist development, it usually attempts to determine the market potential — the number or per­centage of travellers it can hope to attract. This is followed by stud­ies of the social impact and very often of the environmental impact.

The research is followed by the actual planning and development that include improvement of the infrastructure, financial arrange­ments and construction of the superstructure. The tendency at the present time is in favour of careful research and planning instead of unrestricted growth and expansion.

 

Note:

red tape — бюрократические процедуры

 

Text 2

OVERSEAS MARKETS

Britain is now winning back the market share of world tourism, which it lost during the 1980s and 1990s. The UK now accounts for round 5 per cent of world tourism receipts.

The British Tourist Authority (BTA) is the statutory body re­sponsible for promoting Britain a tourist destination worldwide. BTA's main responsibilities are to promote tourism in Britain, to advise the government on tourism matters affecting Britain as a whole, and to encourage the provision and improvement of tourist facilities in Britain. In addition to its head office in London, the BTA has a network of over 40 offices overseas.

Research undertaken by the BTA has shown that visitors to Brit­ain are attracted by several aspects: historic cities, museums and gal­leries, literary heritage, traditions, and the beauty and diversity of Britain's countryside and coasts.

Britain is famous for its artistic life. In London around 30 per cent of all the theatre tickets are bought by overseas visitors. Many of Britain's galleries enjoy an excellent reputation in overseas mar­kets. The National Gallery, for example, exhibits all schools of Eu­ropean painting from the 13th to the 19th century and involves works by Van Dyck, Rubens, El Greco, Goya, Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt.

Sport is a very important part of life in Britain. Horse-racing, dog-racing, and motor-racing are among the most popular sports there which gather many spectators. The sporting events including Wimbledon tennis, British Open Golf, Five Nations rugby and so on are very popular with many visitors.

Britain offers a wide spectrum of accommodations ranging from small В & Bs (bed and breakfast) to luxuriously appointed self-ca­tering cottages and apartments. В & Bs and the opportunity they of­fer to stay in the home of a British family are especially popular with overseas visitors.

 

Britain is renowned for its shopping in terms of quality and vari­ety. Markets remain a strong favourite with many visitors.

Notes:

authority управление

statutory установленный законом

renowned знаменитый

heritage наследство, наследие

 

Make up a plan of text 2.

10. Using your plan write an annotation of this text in Russian ac­cording to the following scheme.

1. Введение	Статья называется...
2. Основная часть.	В статье автор информирует читателя о... Он указывает (называет)... Сообщается о... Подробно раскрываются... Кроме того... В заключение сообщается о...
3. Вывод	Данная статья представляет интерес для...

 

Word List

1.	to retain	сохранять, поддерживать
2.	to overcome	преодолевать
3.	goal syn.: purpose, aim	цель
4.	seasonal bias	зд.: сезонные тенденции; сезонность
5.	to spread	распространять
6.	to advertise, advertisement; advertising	рекламировать; рекламное объявление; реклама
7.	publicity	зд.: реклама посредством публикаций в прессе
8.	public relations	связь с общественностью; реклама
9.	a great deal of	много
10.	media (pi.: от medium)	зд.: средства массовой информации
11.	tangible	осязаемый, ощутимый
12.	familiarization	осваивание, ознакомление
13.	to come under the heading	зд.: называться
14.	to convey	передавать, сообщать
15.	experience	опыт
16.	evidence	доказательство, свидетельство; очевидность
17.	mail	почта
18.	choice	выбор
19.	to cut	зд.: сокращать
20.	"word of mouth"	«из уст в уста»; передача информации при личном общении
21.	to consider	считать
22.	to report	сообщать
23.	to believe	думать, полагать; верить

 

Phonetics

Work at the words

Match the synonyms.

to retain, to believe, intimate, to reduce, publicity, to carry, to extend, aim, to overcome, to keep, to win, goal, to spread, adver­tising, to think, to convey, to cut, familiar.

 

Work at your Grammar

Complex Object

(Объектный инфинитивный оборот)

 

Существительное (Местоимение в объектном падеже) + инфинитив + другие слова

 

 

В качестве сказуемого употребляются следующие глаголы в активном залоге: to believe, to consider, to know, to state, to think, to say, to estimate, to assume, to report, to wish, to want, to make, to see, to hear, to watch и т.п.

We know TV time to be very expensive.

Мы знаем, что телевизионное время очень дорого.

We know TV time to have been very expensive.

Мы знаем, что телевизионное время было очень дорого.

 

Complex Subject

(Субъектный инфинитивный оборот)

Существительное Местоимение в объектном падеже + сказуемое + инфинитив + другие слова

 

В качестве сказуемого употребляются:

а) глаголы в пассивном залоге: to believe, to consider, to know, to hold, to state, to think, to say, to estimate, to as­sume, to report и т.д.

TV time is said to be very expensive.

Говорят, что телевизионное время очень дорого.

б) глаголы в активном залоге: to seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen, to prove (казаться, оказываться, по-видимому)

TV time appears to be very expensive.

Оказывается, что телевизионное время очень дорого.

в) выражения: to be likely (вероятно), to be unlikely (малове­роятно), to be sure/certain (несомненно)

They are likely to travel about Europe.

Вероятно, они путешествуют по Европе.

 

Translate the text. Text 3

 

TOURIST PROMOTION

Three aims of tourist promotion are reported to have been gained in the last few years. The first purpose is to retain the estab­lished market of people for whom travel is a normal form of recre­ation. The second goal is to increase the size of the market. The third aim of tourist promotion is to overcome its seasonal bias.

We know many different organizations to be involved in tourist promotion. They include tourist bureaus, the transportation compa­nies, tour operators and individual hotels or hotel chains.

Through their tourist offices, governments do a great deal of travel promotion, both in the form of advertising and publicity. Publicity and advertising are known to be two main kinds of promo­tion. Publicity might be termed free advertising. Publicity consists of stories placed in newspapers and magazines about travels, accom­modations, restaurants, and other parts of the whole tourist indus­try. Professional writers journey from resort area to resort area to report on the facilities that are available.

Another kind of tourist-connected public relations comes under the heading of familiarization. The familiarization trip or "fam trip", as it is commonly known, means different things to different people. People in the industry, especially those involved in sales- travel agents- are provided with free trips to tourist destinations. It is an opportunity for people to get to know some hotels and resorts better. They will be able to answer questions from their own experi­ence.

Tourist advertising appears to be a large business in itself. Me­dia is a term used for different means of spreading information in the form of news and advertising. Newspapers, magazines, radio and television are usually included in this term.

Television reaches the largest market. TV time is also very expen­sive, so it is used principally by transportation companies and gov­ernment tourist agencies. >

Radio serves a more limited audience since it cannot transmit the beautiful pictures and colours of television. But it is unique because it can reach people driving their cars.

Another form of advertising is the brochure. Brochures demon­strate the benefits, which an organization has to offer. Many tour­ism products are not tangible. By describing them in print, bro­chures are sure to become the only "evidence" of the product. Des­tinations and tours are particular difficult to promote without print material which explains what is on offer. Tour operators dis­tribute brochures in large numbers to travel agents in the market area they are trying to reach. In addition many of them are sent out by direct mailing. Direct mailing is considered to be a form of promotion that involves mailing brochures to a selected list of cus­tomers by tour operators and travel agents. The mailing list often includes previous customers, members of clubs or organizations, and so on.

We believe the most effective kind of tourist promotion to be "word of mouth", what one person says to another about his or her holidays. Like news stories, the results of "word of mouth" can be good or bad. A recommendation of a resort or a hotel by one family to another can significantly influence the choice people are likely to make. On the other hand, a bad report spread around by dissatisfied tourists may sharply cut tourism.

 

Translate text 1.

Text 1

CAREERS IN TOURISM

The travel and tourism industry is growing very fast. Today more people look for quality vacations where they can relax and also do something new and interesting. Unless tourist traffic grew, travel-re­lated jobs would not increase. These relate to various related services facilitating travel, such as travel agencies, banking, hotels, guides, air­lines and other services. Some of them may be seasonal, limited to the tourist season from September to March but others are permanent in nature. Travel-related jobs are best suited for individuals who enjoy meeting people and make them comfortable. They are for those who like adventure and travelling. True, some are desk jobs, but even these jobs entail understanding the needs of the traveller and making the best arrangements possible for him.

Some of the areas where careers can be made are described here: TRAVEL AGENCIES: Without travel agencies travelling would be impossible. They require that travel agents deal with cus­tomers, guide them. Travel agencies plan holidays and finally offer tickets for the best routes. They also help in foreign exchange and visas. The requirements are a pleasing personality and the ability to deal with customers. It is desirable that travel agents possess knowl­edge of destinations.

TOUR OPERATORS. There are many companies operating tours for the domestic as well as the international tourists. Some may be for the usual destinations like hill stations but others are for unusual activities like river rafting, gliding, rock climbing and camp­ing. Tour operators need people for selling the concept and then to accompany the groups to the destinations. Again, the qualities re­quired are a pleasing and outgoing personality, knowledge of the ac­tivities and often participation in them with the tourists. A person hoping to work with a tour operator must be able to travel with the groups and know people at the destinations to make the tours pleas­ant for the client.

TOURIST GUIDES: Three categories of tourist guides are known to be regional, state level and monument guides. The best guides and those who are in demand are those who are able to get the maximum advantage for the tourists. It is required that guides be in touch with foreign agencies. A fixed itinerary is of­fered and guides take the groups to those areas, which they are familiar with. Apart from the activities mentioned above, wildlife safaris are also becoming increasingly popular. If a guide under­stands the foreign tourist and his needs, he will be able to earn a round sum.

HOLIDAYS CONSULTANTS: This is a new concept, the idea is that the tourist gets all the details of travel and itineraries from one source. The holidays consultant will sell the holidays, plan out the itineraries and help in travel plans, and arrange for ticketing and other details as well. It is essential that holidays consultants know the destinations and the activities available.

AIRLINES: Airlines require people for ground as well as flight duties. On the ground the duties are in offices, at the airline desks in airports and for checking and managing flights. A course in travel or a qualification on hotel management helps to get in. Particular jobs that provide useful knowledge include those of ticket agent and reservations agent for the airlines. Airlines also require air hostesses and stewards for flights. The jobs are glamorous and afford the pos­sibility of travelling to exciting destinations. Free tickets for the fam­ily offered by some airlines are an added advantage.

BANKS: Foreign banks and dealers in foreign exchange demand that people assist their clients in their travel requirements. The idea is to provide services under one roof. The bank helps in hotel book­ing, ticketing and all travel-related services. The jobs expected from the person may sometimes be more than travel-related, since a per­sonal touch is added to make the traveller feel at home. For the ad­venturous and the travel-minded, there are a lot of avenues that could be explored.

CAREERS IN HOTEL MANAGEMENT: With hotels coming up in record numbers to cater to the ever growing domestic and in­ternational travellers, the demand for trained professionals has mul­tiplied in the industry.

The people who write about travel also receive lavish treatment from the tourist industry. There are relatively few travel writers, but they play an important part in publicizing the industry. Without them it would be impracticable to promote the tourist industry. There is a small industry involved in writing and publishing guide-books.

Notes:

to sell the concept	продавать путевки через посредников
to sell the holidays	продавать путевки отпускникам

 

Answer the questions.

1) What is the common feature of all jobs in tourism?

2) What is the range of activities of travel agencies?

3) What traits must travel agents possess?

4) What are the main functions of tour operators?

5) What are the categories of tourist guides?

6) What qualities do guides need?

7) What does the job of holidays consultants involve?

8) What jobs do airlines require?

9) What services do banks provide for their clients?

10)Why do travel writers receive lavish treatment?

Translate the text. Text f

 

DISNEYLAND

Having introduced people to some of the biggest stars such as Mickey, Minne, Donald and Goofy, Walt Disney decided to try his hand at a new venture. His first creation utilized his unique imagi­nation creating a series of areas, which included rides, shows and at­tractions based around a given theme. Having been constructed in 1955, "Disneyland's" Magic Kingdom opened its gates in Anaheim, California and soon became the most popular tourist attraction in America.

Some years later Walt turned his attention to a new project In Florida Walt not only had plans for a new Magic Kingdom similar in design to the Californian park but for more ambitious ideas, which included an area, called E.P.C.O.T. — an Experimental Pro­totype Community Of Tomorrow. Sadly Walt had passed away in 1966 before the new project was opened. Having been finished by his brother Roy, "'Walt Disney World's" Magic Kingdom was opened in 1971. In the years W.D.W has grown to 3 themed parks including E.P.C.O.T. — a centre, 3 water parks, numerous hotels, a night-time entertainment and shopping complex and more.

In more recent times Disney opened a version of the Magic King­dom in the mideighties in Tokyo again similar in design to the origi­nal Magic Kingdom built some 30 years before by Walt himself.

The company then turned their attention to Europe and after long negotiations with several sites Euro Disney opened its doors on the 12th of April, 1992. The result is 56 hectares of land, which in­clude 6 uniquely designed on-site themed hotels, a Disney camp­ground including hundreds of woodland cabins, a night-time enter­tainment complex. Being divided into 5 themed areas the park in­cludes restaurants, shops and attractions uniquely themed to com­pliment the area where they are situated.

Main Street USA It is an American street of a turn of the centu­ry completed with old cars and gas lamps.

Frontierland. Here guests can take a trip to the Wild West, where they can experience life as a cowboy.

Adventureland combines the exotic Far Eastern bazaar with the deepest jungle and a taste of the Caribbean.

Fantasyland is a home to many of Disney's on screen characters including Snow White, Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.

Discoveryland is a historical look at the future through the eyes of European visitors such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells.

Disney Village is a big entertainment complex (the biggest of its kind in Europe at the moment), located between the Magic King­dom and the hotel area.

Disney Village covers an area of 18.000 square metres and in­cludes besides various restaurants and shops, an open air stage, a night-club, a Wild West show and a multiplex cinema.

Being illuminated at night big red letters form the name "Disney Village". Should you enter Disney Village, you could find the best sort of entertainment and would not forget the endless shopping possibilities. Different open air concerts take place at the big stage, which cover a wide variety of music styles, like Soul, Rock. Jazz, Country or Pop. Most of the bands do not have big names, never­theless you will never be disappointed by their performance. It is the right place where you can spend great hours at warm summer night. Besides the open air stage there are also indoor possibilities to hear live music.

At Disney Village you can find a Planet Hollywood, a Rainfor­est Cafe and Mc Donald's, besides various Disney restaurants. The restaurants offer a variety of food, starting with fast food and end­ing with complete menus at a high level. You can also have charac­ter breakfast at Disney Village.

All Disney resorts world-wide and the magic kingdoms share certain attractions and elements, but each is a unique experience.

 

Text 4

Complete the table.

Attractions Entertainment
1. Pattaya Elephant Village
2.

 

Scan text 1 and divide it into logical parts.

Headline the logical parts.

Text 1.

TRAVELLING

Travelling is necessary to us all. It keeps us from growing stale and old by giving us that movement and change, which are neces­sary to our life. Every child spends a large proportion of its time in a dream about trees, or the sea, or central Africa, or some other subject.

One of the objects of travel is to go in search of beauty. The beauty-spots of the world are magnets drawing travellers year after year. More valuable to the traveller is the knowledge, which he gets from other people. It is a stay-at-home who is always ready to call someone else "queer" because his ways are different. The more a person has sympathy with all sorts of ways, the easier it is for him to understand another point of view. The other motivation factors for travelling are leisure, business, health, congresses and other meet­ings, study and religion.

Many people plan to go on a two-day trip for the weekend. If young people are away from home they may go home to stay with some relatives or friends. Some people prefer to go to the seaside by car, as it is very comfortable and rather cheap. Some people like to travel by plane, by train or by ship.

Today, travel agents offer all kinds of holidays to all types of people, as nearly everybody can afford some sort of holiday. Travel agents' windows are full of ads (advertisements), especially during the summer months. Active pursuits are water sports, rock climbing, and excursions by bike, horse riding or simply walking to faraway places. Travel agents think that their customers consist of certain types of people. For each type, they try to offer the "'right" price in the "'right" country. All this must be planned very carefully. So, while most people are still busy buying Christmas presents, the trav­el agents have already decided where their customers will be going next summer, what kind of things they will be doing there and how much money they will be spending on their holidays.

A package holiday is a holiday, which is arranged by a company at a fixed price, which includes travel, hotels, and meals. It is very popular. In many countries if you go to a travel agent you can buy a "last minute" package or package holidays that someone has can­celled for up to 50% less than the original cost.

In spite of the many advantages which travel agents can offer, there are still quite a few people who "go it alone", choosing their own destination and booking their tickets and accommodation themselves.

Travel agencies started long ago. Thomas Cook was one of the first travel agents. He started to organize excursions by train in the middle of the last century. Later on, he also organized excursions from England to the European continent. The first tour in the mod­ern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in England, in 1841, and the firm of Thomas Cook and Sons has remained one of the fa­mous names in the tourist industry.

Sometimes the agents are right (people will be doing exactly what the travel agents have planned for them) but sometimes they are wrong. All this makes their business rather risky, because if they make mistakes, they can lose a lot of money.

 

Notes:
1. to keep smb. of us from growing stale and old	не давать «застаиваться» и стареть
2. queer	странный, чудаковатый
3. go it alone	идти своим путем
4. to put together	зд.: организовывать