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The poetry of the Renaissance
Analyse stylistic devices and figures of speech of the following poems. Sir PHILIP SIDNEY From “ASTROPHIL and STELLA”
Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show, That she (dear she) might take some pleasure of my pain: Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know, Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain, I sought fit words to paint the blackest face of woe, Studying inventions fine, her wits to entertain: Oft turning others' leaves, to see if thence would flow Some fresh and fruitful showers upon my sun-burned brain. But words came halting forth, wanting invention's stay, Invention, nature's child, fled step-dame Study's blows, And others' feet still seemed but strangers in my way. Thus great with child to speak and helpless in my throes, Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite, 'Fool,' said my Muse to me, 'look in thy heart and write'.
1. Mark in the rhyme scheme. What do you notice? 2. Why does the poet want to write? (lines 1-2) 3. Where does the poet first look for inspiration? (lines 5-8) 4. What is the result of this? 5. What is the message of the last line? What is Sidney saying about the nature of inspiration? Edmund SPENCER SONNET 75 One day I wrote her name upon the strand But came the waves and wash'd it away; Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. 'Vain man', said she, 'that dost in vain assay, A mortal thing so to immortalise, For I myself shall like to this decay, And eke my name be wip'd out likewise'. 'Not so', quod1, 'let baser things devise To die in dust, but you shall live by fame; My verse your virtues rare shall eternise, And in the heavens write your glorious name. Where whenas'death shall all the world subdue. Our love shall live, and later life renew'.
1. Was Spenser's reaction what you expected? How was it different? 2. Write down the rhyme scheme of the poem. 3. The poem is a dialogue between... 4. Paraphrase in simple prose the first part of the dialogue. (Lines 5-8) 5. How does the poet disagree with this? 6. What do you consider to be the message of the poem? 7. Do you think this message is still valid today? Are poems eternal? Discuss.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Find different translations of the given sonnets and analyse them. SONNET 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough1 winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd, But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'sf in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou gow'st; So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. 1. Read the poem and mark in the stresses and the rhyme scheme. 2. This form is known as the Shakespearean sonnet. What do you think is the effect of this formal choice on the type of logical argument used and the content of the poem? 3. Make a chart contrasting the characteristics of summer and of Shakespeare's mistress.
4. What do you think is Shakespeare's message? Look especially at the last two lines.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 130
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun – Coral is far more red than her lips' red – If snow be white why then her breasts are dun – If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head: I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks, And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a more pleasing sound. I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress when she walks treads on the ground. And yet by heav'n I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare.
1. What is your first reaction upon reading the poem? Is Shakespeare being cruel, realistic, ironical, tender? Discuss. 2. What creates the effect of an expanding and developing argument 3. Fill in the chart and analyse the appearance of the woman in the sonnet.
What is Shakespeare's message? Do people still use the classical images to talk about their loved one? WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of true minds
1. How does this sonnet attempt to define love? In the 1st, 2nd and 3d quatrains? 2. Explain the metaphoric explanation of love in the 2nd quatrain.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 60 Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,
1. How does this sonnet attempt to explain the nature of time as it passes, and as it acts on human life? 2. What is the structure of this poem? 3. Analyse metaphorical description of time's passage in human lifein each quatrain. 4. How do these images develop from one another?
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 147
My love is as a fever, longing still BEN JOHNSON POEM I therefore will begin. Soul of the age! The applause, delight, the wonder of our stage! My Shakespeare, rise; I will not lodge thee by Chaucer, or Spenser, or bid Beaumont lie A little further, to make thee a room: Thou art a monument, without a tomb, And art alive still, while thy book doth live, And we have wits to read, and praise to give.
That I not mix thee so, my brain excuses; For, if I thought my judgement were of years, I should commit thee surely with thy peers, And tell, how far thou didst our Lyly outshine, Or sporting Kyd, or Marlowe's mighty line. And though thou hadst small Latin and less Greek, From thence to honour thee, I would not seek For names; but call forth thundering Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles to us, Pacuvius, Accius, him of Cordova dead, To life again, to hear thy buskin tread, And shake a stage: or when thy socks were on, Leave thee alone, for the comparison Of all that insolent Greece, or haughty Rome Sent forth, or since did from their ashes come. Triumph my Britain, thou hast one to show To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe. He was not of an age, but for all time!
1. What complimentary titles does Jonson give Shakespeare in the poem? Make a list. 2. What does this indicate about his attitude? 3. In what sense is Shakespeare still alive? 4. Which other Elizabethan dramatists is he compared with? Is this comparison favourable or unfavourable? 5. Which classical authors are called forth to testify to Shakespeare's greatness? 6. What references are there to Shakespeare's acting career? JOHN DONNE Death be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so, For, those, whom thou thinkst, thou dost overthrow, Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me; From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow, And soonest our best men with thee do go, Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery. Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men, And dost with poison, war and sickness dwell, And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well, And better than thy stroke; why swell'st thou then? One short sleep past, we wake eternally, And death shall be no more, Death thou shalt die.
1. Describe, in your own words, Donne's opening proposition (lines 1-2). 2. How is Death deceived in lines 3 and 4? 3. Rest and sleep are pleasant for men; how does Donne use this argument to make Death seem pleasant? 4. How do you interpret "soonest our best men" in line 7? 5. What bad company is Death forced to keep? Why? 6. Which sedatives are better than Death? 7. What is Donne's elegant final paradox, linking the ideas of Death and Eternal Life? 8. What elements in the poem give it its surprising force? Think about rhythm and imagery. INDIVIDUAL WORK
MODULE 2 LECTURE # 8
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