Формы и функции Причастия I и Причастия II.

 

 

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I, II).

1. He will be waiting for you at 7 in the evening.

1. Он будет ждать вас в 7 часов вечера.

will be waiting – Future Continuous, Active от глагола to wait.

 

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр.III).

1. Advertising is used to increase sales.

1. Реклама используется для увеличения продаж.

is used – Present Simple, Passive от глагола to use.

 

Образец выполнения 3 (к упр.IV).

1. The delivered goods were of high quality. (Причастие II в функции определения).

1. Полученные товары были высокого качества.

 

Вариант 1.

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple или Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Job interview normally (to take place) in the company’s office or recruiting agency.

2. The market (to be) definitely there in a few years.

3. Manufacturers (to produce) new goods from raw materials.

4. Last year (to be) a good year for the firm and our sales (to increase) considerably.

5. At present engineers and designers of that plant continually (to develop) and (to create) new products.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Past Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. By that time the company already (to make) great progress in the use of recyclable bottles and packaging materials.

2. In recent years the Colgate Company (to become) a truly global consumer products company, selling in more than 200 countries.

3. In the 1930s one of the world’s strongest economies (to suffer) a devastating collapse.

4. Countries (to trade) with each other for thousands of years.

5. After the government (to put) higher taxes on petrol, people tried not to use their cars so often.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple действительного или страдательного залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A restriction on supply occurs when a market (to monopolize) by a single firm.

2. At the next annual meeting of shareholders a new director (to elect) and major policy decisions (to make).

3. In the late 19^th century, the corporation (to view) by many as the chief instrument of monopoly.

4. Prices usually (to increase) from one year to the next.

5. Adam Smith realized that a nation’s wealth (to depend) on its ability to produce goods.

 

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните причастие I или причастие II, определите его функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. As a result, production and jobs in some industries were shifted to other countries.

2. Money for this program is collected by a special tax, paid equally by employer and employee.

3. Licensing is very attractive for firms lacking the capital to develop operations overseas.

4. Booming house prices hurt first-time buyers much more than those already on the property ladder.

5. This investment strategy has worked extremely well, producing an annual return of 17% since 2005.

 

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, выбрав причастие I или причастие II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. This firm is interested in the purchase of machines producing/produced by our plants.

2. Drawing up/Drawn up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a detailed description of goods.

3. Analysed/Analysing various demographic groups, the economists find that differences between urban and rural customers are much narrower nowadays than in the earlier decades.

4. We will continue to implement the programs, aimed/aiming at developing the key directions of our operations.

5. The gross domestic product is the total value of all the services and products supplied / supplying by a country during a whole year.

 

VI. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы №1, 2, 3.

Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics

1. Economic analysis is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics.

In microeconomics we take a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers, and investors.

2. In macroeconomics we look at the economy from a broader perspective by considering its overall performance and the way various sectors of the economy relate to one another. We measure and evaluate the performance of the economy by the total value of annual production, the capacity of the economy to provide jobs, the changes in the purchasing power of money, and the growth of employment and output.

3. Microeconomics In microeconomics we analyze how individuals choose among various courses of action by weighing the benefits and costs of alternatives available to them. In microeconomic analysis we place special emphasis on the role of prices in business and personal decisions. A major goal is to understand how the prices of particular goods and services are determined and how prices influence decisions. Because of its preoccupation with prices and trading of goods and services, microeconomics is sometimes called price theory.

4. In microeconomics we study the actions of individuals as they buy and sell in market transactions. As you know, some services, such as education and police protection, are provided by government agencies rather than being sold in markets. What are the advantages and disadvantages of alternatives to markets as a means of accomplishing the basic tasks of the economy? How do political choices influence the functions and performance of the economy? We’ll examine each of these important questions as we learn to look at the economy from the micro perspective.

5. Macroeconomics In macroeconomics we study changes in total national production and consumption, averages of the prices of broad groups of goods and services, and employment of workers in the economy. Macroeconomists seek to explain the causes of economic fluctuations and to suggest policies that will make the fluctuations less abrupt, with the aim of preventing excessive unemployment and rapid price increases.

6. In macroeconomics we should place special emphasis on understanding the causes of unemployment and inflation. The unemployment rate is the number of jobless workers who are actively looking for work or who have been laid off from a job, expressed as a percentage of the total labor force. Unemployment is often a major issue in congressional and presidential elections. In fact, the federal government is required by law to pursue policies that seek to keep unemployment from becoming excessively high. If such policies are to succeed, the individuals who develop them must have a keen understanding of how the economy works.

7. Inflation is another highly charged political issue. Inflation is a general yearly increase in the average level of prices for a broad spectrum of goods and services. Inflation weakens the purchasing power of money. It can create economic instability in a nation by harming the competitiveness of firms seeking to sell products in foreign markets.

 

VII. Дайте письменные ответы на следующие вопросы к тексту:

1. What is the difference between micro – and macroeconomics?

2. What is the main goal of microeconomic analysis?

3. Why do macroeconomists consider unemployment and inflation as two important factors of their research?

 

 

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Simple или Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. For the first hundred years, the Colgate Company (to do) all its business in the United States.

2. This software program (to help) employees to assess their interests, values and skills in order to create a career development plan.

3. During medieval times trading between nations (to grow), and a new social class (to appear).

4. At the next meeting the export manager (to talk) first about the market possibilities in general and then he (to give) us some figures.

5. Currently he (to work) in the Personnel Department of a large multinational company.