Find the equivalents for the following sentences.

1. Ukraine has to import some of minerals. 2. Today’s industries are unable to satisfy the consumers’ demands. 3. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry great proposition is occupied by heavy industry. 4. Extraction of rock and potassium salt has been carried out in Ukraine since ancient times. 5. Available reserves make it possible to supply ferrous metallurgy with raw materials for quite a long time. 6. It is one of the major heavy-industrial and mining metallurgical complexes of Europe. 7. Two important processes characterize Ukraine’s economy today. 8. Ukraine’s foreign policy is aimed at wide and long-term co-operation. 9. Privatization has sped up for large and medium size enterprises. 10. Prices, domestic and foreign trade have been liberalized.

а) Два важливі процеси характеризують економіку України сьогодні. b) У діючій структурі промисловості України значну долю займає важка промисловість. c) Це один з важко промислових та гірничо-металургійних комплексів Європи. d) Зовнішня політика України націлена на широке та довготривале співробітництво. e) Україна змушена імпортувати деякі з копалин. f) Приватизація була прискорена для малих та середніх підприємств. g) Сьогоднішні галузі промисловості не здатні задовольнити попит споживачів. h) Наявні резерви дозволяють забезпечити чорну металургію сировиною ще досить довго. i) Ціни, внутрішня та зовнішня торгівля лібералізовані. j) Добування кам’яної та калійної солі ведеться в Україні з давніх часів.

 

Translate the following sentences using words and phrases studied, and a dictionary if necessary.

1. Фірма має справу с обладнанням для будівництво доріг.

2. Ситуація, що склалася, дуже складна.

3. Цю машину було припарковано на території приватної власності.

4. Ми досягли того, що планували зробити.

5. Їм потрібна будівля з якісним водопостачанням.

6. Слід зазначити, що економічна політика уряду дуже суперечлива.

7. Ми не можемо знайти достатньо якісних старих машин, щоб задовольнити попит.

8. Матеріал буде оброблено в пластикові кульки.

9. Україна досягла стабільності в галузі макроекономіки.

10. Зовнішня політика України спрямована на довгострокову співпрацю.

 

Read and translate the following text.

Ukraine’s Industry and Economy Profile

Ukraine is one of the richest countries of the world in terms of mineral resources. While occupying only 0.4% of the Earth’s surface, Ukraine has 5% of the world’s mineral resources. There are about 9 thousand deposits of coal, natural gas, manganese, salt, nickel and titanium in the country. Ukraine fully satisfies its needs in minerals but it still has to import some of them. So, oil and gas are imported from Russia and Turkmenistan as oil and gas deposits of Ukraine cannot satisfy the country’s needs in these energy resources.

The country has rich reserves of iron ore, bituminous ores and anthracite as well as manganese ores located in Donetsk Coal Basin. This region, in east-central Ukraine, is the basic source of coal supply in Ukraine. With the total area of around 60 thousand square kilometres, its coal deposits are estimated at 109 billion tons. It is the industrial heartland of Ukraine and one of the major heavy-industrial and mining metallurgical complexes of Europe.

The nearby iron ore deposits of Kryvyi Rih are also rich. Kryvyi Rih Basin with iron ore reserves equal to 15 billion tonnes and annual extraction of 87million tonnes takes the first place in the country. Available reserves make it possible to supply ferrous metallurgy with raw materials for quite a long time into the third millennium.

Ukraine is also an important producer of natural gas and petroleum. They are concentrated in Dnipro-Donets (80%) and the Black Sea Coast-Crimea regions. Promising future developments are gas and oil deposits on the continental shelves of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

Ukraine is placed at the forefront in Europe as for non-metal minerals. Deposits of mineral wax and brimstone are the largest in the world while those of graphite are the greatest on the European continent. Extraction of rock and potassium salt has been carried out in Ukraine since ancient times.

In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proposition is occupied by heavy industry, especially, the iron and steel, machine-building and coal industries. A considerablepart is played by the food, light and chemical industries.

However, today’s industries are unable to satisfy the consumers’ demands because they are not integrated into the world process of economic, technological and scientific progress. The national industries have low standard in processing raw material and outdatedor worn-out production equipment.

Yet, Ukraine is one of the world’s most productive farming regions and is known as “Europe’s granary”. The main branches of agricultural production are crop production and animal husbandry. Among the crops grown in Ukraine are sugar beet, wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, sunflower, a large variety of grain cultures, fruit and vegetables. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are dairy and beef cattle breeding and pig raising.

Two important processes characterize Ukraine’s economy today, namely its assertion as that of an independent state, and its transition from planned-centralized to market-controlled.

Ukraine has currently achieved macroeconomic stability. Prices, domestic and foreign trade have been liberalized. Tax and budget systems are also being reformed. A twin-level banking structure took shape: the National Bank of Ukraine, and commercial banks of all types and forms of property.

”Small-scale” privatization is nearly completed in Ukraine today. Privatization has sped up for large and medium size enterprises, including enterprises in the agro-industrial sector.

Ukraine’s foreign policy is aimed at wide and long-term co-operation. Ukraine is acting on the assumption that this is the most effective way of solving not only economic but also political problems.

 

Read the text once more and try to fill the gaps from memory.

1. Yet, Ukraine is one of the world’s most productive farming regions and is known as ….

2. Ukraine is placed at the forefront in Europe as for ….

3. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proposition is occupied by heavy industry, especially, ….

4. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are ….

5. Extraction of … has been carried out in Ukraine since ancient times.

6. Ukraine is also an important producer of ….

7. Oil and gas are imported from ….

8. …, in east-central Ukraine, is the basic source of coal supply in Ukraine.

9. Ukraine’s foreign policy is aimed at …..

10. Kryvyi Rih Basin with iron ore reserves equal to … billion tonnes and annualextraction of … million tonnes takes the first place in the country.

 

Answer the following questions using the information from the text. Use some additional material if necessary.

1. What useful minerals are mined in Ukraine?

2. What resources have to be imported?

3. What industrial centres are there in Ukraine?

4. What are the main branches of industry developed in Ukraine?

5. Why are today’s industries unable to satisfy the consumers’ demands?

6. What are the main branches of agricultural production?

7. What two interrogated processes characterize Ukraine’s economy today?

8. What is Ukraine’s foreign policy aimed at?

9. Describe Ukraine’s banking structure.

10. How is the national economy being reformed?

 

8. Speak about Ukraine’s industry and economy (150-200 words). The above-mentioned questions and additional materials may help you.

Additional material

Economy of Ukraine

Ukraine has a developed economy with strong industry and agriculture. In the 1990s Ukraine began changing its economy from the one owned and controlled by the government to an economy based on free enterprise. In this kind of economy, individual owners and managers run their own businesses.

Ukraine's heavy industries produce iron and steel and such machines as tractors, machine tools and mining equipment. Ukraine also produces cars, buses, railway carriages, airplanes. It manufactures chemical fertilizers, sugar, canned foods. Ukraine is a producer of consumer goods, including TV-sets, washing-machines, refrigerators, clothes and footwear.

Ukraine is famous for its agricultural production and is known as the breadbasket of Europe. Its moderate climate and rich black soils have made the country one of the world's most productive farming regions.

The major crops grown here are wheat, sugar beets, corn, potatoes and sunflowers. Ukrainian farmers also raise beef, and dairy cattle. Near cities farmers often grow fruits and vegetables to sell at markets.

Ukraine is a leading producer of nickel, manganese which is used in making steel. Huge coal deposits lie in the Donbas, the centre of Ukraine's heavy industry. Ukraine also mines iron ore, natural gas and other resources. Coal, natural gas and petroleum have long been important sources of electric power in Ukraine. During the 1980s nuclear power plants began providing an important new source of energy. Today these plants produce about a fourth of Ukraine's electricity.

Ukraine has a well developed transportation system. A huge railroad network connects major cities and industrial centers. Ukraine's highways include about 147,000 km of paved roads. Kyiv, Kharkiv and some other cities have underground systems.

Service industries employ more than a fourth of Ukraine's workers. The country's chief service industries include education, scientific research and engineering, health care, transportation and trade.

Ukraine's major trading partners are the Russian Federation, Poland, Hungary, Canada and Germany. Ukraine imports oil, natural gas, wood products and consumer goods. The USA chief exports are wheat, sugar beets, coal, construction equipment and manufactured goods.

The economic reforms, started in the national economy after the proclamation of independence, were aimed at the establishment of an open market-type structure. Ukraine had to be transformed from planned-centralized to market-controlled economy. The reforms in the spheres of economics and property still continue. It is especially actual nowadays because today's industries are unable to satisfy consumers' needs. The possible reasons are the unwillingness to accept progressive techniques, outdated and worn-out production equipment and so on. These and other problems are to be solved in the course of new economic reforms, aimed at creating an open effective market-type economy.

 

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