II. Anemias due to impaired red cell production.

II. Anemias due to impaired red cell production.

Cytoplasmic maturation dejects.

1.Deficient hem synthesis: Iron deficiency anemia.

2. Deficient globin synthesis: Thalassemic syndromes.

Nuclear maturation defects.

Vitamin B₁₂ and/or folic acid deficiency: megaloblastic anemia.

Defect in stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

1.Aplastic anemia.

2. Pure red cell aplasia.

Ш. Anemias due to increased red cell destruction (Hemolytic anemias).

1. Extrinsic (extracorpuscular) red cell abnormalities.

2. Intrinsic (intracorpuscular) red cell abnormalities.

Classification on activity of bone marrow regeneration    

1. Hyporegenerative - the quantity of reticulocytes is lower 0.5%.

2. Regenerative - quantity of reticulocytes:  0.5 – 1.5 %.

3. Hyperregenerative - quantity of reticulocytes above - 1.5 %.

Morphological classification

1. Microcytic, hypochromic (iron deficiency anemia).

2. Normocytic, normochromic (acute posthemorrhagic anemia).

3.Macrocytic, hyperchromic (vitamin B₁₂ and/or folic acid deficiency) megaloblastic anemia.

 

Morphological classification based on red cell size, hemoglobin content and red cell quantity. All anemias are classified into 3 types:

1.Microcytic, hypochromic: MCV, MCH, MCHC all reduced e.g. in iron deficiency anemia and in non-iron deficient anemias (sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, anemia of chronic disorders).

2. Normocytic, normochromic: MCV, MCH, MC are all normal e.g. after acute blood loss, hemolytic anemias, bone marrow failure, anemia of disorders.

3. Macrocytic: MCV is raised e.g. in megaloblastic anemia due to deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid.