Lesson 1. Personal computer.

Before reading the text, try to guess the meaning of the following words:

Nouns: Computer, machine, calculation, instruction, system, component, monitor, printer, program, function, reality, internet, information.

Adjectives: Electronic, original, physical, virtual.

Verbs: To base, to manage, to simulate.

 

Exercise 1. Read the text and translate it into Russian.

Personal computer.

A computer is an electronic machine that performs calculations based on a set of instructions. The first computers were huge, room-sized machines that took teams of people to build, manage, and maintain. The computer systems of today are exponentially faster and only a fraction of the size of those original computers.

A computer system consists of hardware and software components. Hardware is the physical equipment. It includes the case, keyboard, monitor, cables, storage drives, speakers, and printers. Software includes the operating system and programs. The operating system manages computer operations such as identifying, accessing, and processing information. Programs or applications perform different functions. Programs vary widely depending on the type of information that is accessed or generated. For example, instructions for balancing a check book are different from instructions for simulating a virtual reality world on the Internet.

Vocabulary:

To maintain – поддерживать, эксплуатировать

Exponentially – в геометрической прогрессии

Fraction – часть, фрагмент

Hardware – аппаратное обеспечение

Software – программное обеспечение

To include – включать, содержать

Case – системный блок

Keyboard – клавиатура

Storage drive – накопитель

Access – доступ

Process – обработка (n), обработать(v)

Application – приложение

To perform – выполнять

To vary – различаться

Exercise 2. Find in the text the English for:

  электронная машина, набор команд, в разы больше, физическое оборудование, широко варьироваться, моделирование виртуальной реальности.

 

Exercise 3. Find in the text the synonyms for:

Execute, number, enormous, group, construct, portion, various, kind, planet.

 

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a computer?

2. What is the main function of a computer?

3. What are the components of a computer?

4. What is hardware?

5. What is software?

6. What is the function of an operation system?

 

Exercise 5. Try to retell the text using your answers.

Lesson 2. Case.

Exercise 1. Read the definitions and translate them into Russian.

Case (computer chassis, box, cabinet, tower) - enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse).

 

Power supply - an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load.

 

Motherboard - a printed circuit board (PCB) that contains buses, or electrical pathways, that interconnect electronic components.

 

CPU (central processing unit) - the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

 

RAM (random access memory) - the temporary working storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.

 

ROM (read-only memory) - a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

 

Exercise 2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.

Cases.

The case of a desktop computer houses the internal components such as the power supply, motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), memory, disk drives, etc.

Cases are typically made of plastic, steel, or aluminum and provide the framework to support, protect, and cool the internal components.

A device form factor refers to its physical design and look. Desktop computers are available in a variety of form factors including:

· Horisontal case

· Full-size tower

· Compact tower

· All-in-one

Note: This list is not exhaustive, as many case manufacturers have their own naming conventions. These may include super tower, full tower, mid tower, mini tower, cube case, and more.

Computer components tend to generate a lot of heat; therefore, computer cases contain fans that move air through the case. As the air passes warm components, it absorbs heat and then exits the case. This process keeps the computer components from overheating. Cases are also designed to protect against static electricity damage. The computer’s internal components are grounded via attachment to the case.

Note: Computer cases are also referred to as the computer chassis, cabinet, tower, housing, or simply box.

Vocabulary:

To house – содержать, включать в     себя

Internal – внутренний

Steel – сталь

To provide – обеспечивать

To support – поддерживать

To protect – защищать

To be available – быть доступным

Tend to – как правило

To be grounded – заземлен

Attachment - присоединение