Write a short essay on this topic.

13. Choose the correct answer:

1) There are three types of education in Russia: full-time, … and evening education.

a) part-time b) correspondence c) day-time

 

2) Every person who has the secondary education can get … education.

a) next b) higher c) highest

 

3) If you don’t pay for your education, it means that you study ….

a) cheaply b ) free of charge c) freely

 

4) When students take exams, they can … or fail them.

a) go through b) learn c) pass

 

5) The complete … of study at the university lasts 4, 5 or 6 years.

a) course b) curriculum c) time

 

6) If you are studying in your first year, it means that you are a ….

a) first student b) first-year student c) fresh student

 

7) Philosophy, physical education and a … are obligatory subjects for all the students.

a) languages b) English c) foreign language

 

8) There are a lot of different … at our University.

a) specialities b) specializes c) spaces

 

9) Students have a lot of different classes – lectures and … hours.

a) practical b) practice c) practical classes

 

10) The academic year in Russia is divided into two ….

a) times b) terms c) subjects

 

Be Ready for Your Exam

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к тексту:

Medical Education in the United States

In the USA young people who want to become doctors have to pass through 7 or 8 years of hard study.

First they have 3 or 4 years of premedical training and learn the main sciences. Only the students who show good results in their premedical training can get higher medical education. And other students can start work as nurses.

To get higher medical education is difficult and very expensive. Medical students have to go to a medical school (university) for 4 more years. During the first two years students study some basic sciences: Anatomy, Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Physiology, Histology, Pathology, Pharmacology and other subjects.

Students study Anatomy to learn the structure of the human body. Students must get deep knowledge of Biological Chemistry because it is the basis for clinical laboratory diagnosis and therapy. They learn the functions of the body in classes of Physiology.

The curriculum of the final 2 years includes clinical subjects. Medical students have practical experience at the hospitals: they learn a lot about the main medical procedures and different diseases and how to treat patients.

At the end of the course of studies all students get the Degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). Then they have to work as interns for 1 year. After their internship young doctors have a period of residency at the clinic. It lasts for 3 or 4 years. After that the graduates are given a license to practice and they may work either in public or private service.

 

Words:

nurse – медсестра

procedure – процедура

 

ЗАДАНИЕ №1.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Higher medical education is free of charge in the USA.

а) истинным   b) ложным   c) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ №2.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Obtaining higher medical education, medical students study general subjects during the first two years.

а) истинным   b) ложным   c) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ №3.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Medical students study six days a week in the USA.

а) истинным   b) ложным   c) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ № 4.

Ответьте на вопрос:

Why is it necessary for medical students to study Biological Chemistry?

a) They take exams in Biological Chemistry.

b) It is necessary for clinical laboratory diagnosis and therapy.

c) It helps to learn a lot about the main medical procedures and different diseases.

d) It gives deep knowledge of the human body functions.

ЗАДАНИЕ № 5.

Ответьте на вопрос:

Which of the subjects are special for medical students?

a) History, Microbiology, Anatomy

b) Maths, Physics, Physiology

c) English, Latin, Biological Chemistry

d) Anatomy, Histology, Pathology

Module 3. MY FUTURE PROFESSION

Part 1. The Human Body

1. Study the vocabulary:

skeleton – скелет

skull – череп

trunk – туловище

body – тело

extremity (limb) – конечность

brain – мозг

head – голова

face – лицо

forehead – лоб

hair – волосы

chin – подбородок

cheek – щека

neck – шея

throat – горло

jaw – челюсть

ear [ıə] – ухо

eye [aı] – глаз

eyelash – ресница 

eyelid – веко

eyebrow – бровь

nose – нос

nostril – ноздря

mouth – рот

tongue – язык

palate – небо

tooth (pl. teeth) – зуб (зубы)

gums – десны

lip – губа

temple – висок

nape (back of the head) – затылок

chest (thorax) – грудная клетка

breast – грудь

rib – ребро

vertebra (pl. vertebrae) – позвонок

backbone (vertebral column) – позвоночник

waist – талия

abdomen – живот

lung – легкое

heart – сердце

pharynx – глотка

esophagus – пищевод

stomach – желудок

liver – печень

spleen – селезенка

pancreas – поджелудочная железа

intestines – кишечник

kidney – почка

gall-bladder – желчный пузырь

bladder – мочевой пузырь

arm – рука

shoulder (upper arm) – плечо

forearm – предплечье

elbow – локоть

wrist – запястье

hand – кисть (руки)

palm – ладонь

finger – палец (руки)

thumb – большой палец

pelvis – таз

leg – нога

thigh (hip) – бедро

knee – колено

calf – икра (ноги)

shin – голень

ankle – лодыжка, щиколотка

foot (pl. feet) – стопа

heel – пятка

toe – палец (ноги)

bone – кость

muscle – мышца

skin – кожа

blood – кровь

vessel – сосуд

vein – вена

artery – артерия

aorta – аорта

atrium – предсердие

ventricle – желудочек

cavity – полость

joint – сустав

cartilage – хрящ

upper – верхний

lower – нижний

 

2. Read and translate the text:

We Study Anatomy

In the practical anatomy class we study the human body.

The principle parts of the human body are the head, the trunk, and the extremities.

The head is formed by two parts: the skull which contains the brain, and the face which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth with the lips, the cheeks, the ears, and the chin.

The ear includes three principle parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear.

The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, a tongue and a palate.

The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen. The main organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart and the esophagus. We breathe with the lungs. The heart contracts and makes about 60-80 beats per minute.   

The main organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, the intestines, the kidneys, the gall-bladder аnd the bladder.

The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm is composed of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist, and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand.

The lower extremity consists of the thigh (hip), the knee, the calf, the ankle, and the foot.

The bones are covered with the muscles. The body is covered with the skin.

 

3. a) Find the English equivalents in the text:

Основные части, состоять из, включать в себя, верхняя часть, нижняя часть, соединять, дышать, сокращаться, удары, покрывать.

 

b) Give the Russian equivalents for these words from the text:

Contain, the external ear, the main organs, per minute, the abdominal cavity, on each hand, a thumb, the skin.

 

4. Fill in the gaps in the sentences:

1. We breathe with the …. 2. The ear has … parts: the…ear, the …ear and the…ear. 3. The tongue is in the…. 4. The legs are … extremities, and the arms are … extremities. 5. The skull contains the …. 6. The forehead is one of the parts of the …. 7. The …connects the head with the …. 8. The spleen is in the … …. 9. The shoulder connects the … with the …. 10. The skin covers the ….

 

5. Answer the questions:

1. What are the main parts of the human body?

2. What does the head consist of?

3. What parts does the ear include?

4. What does the mouth consist of?

5. What connects the head with the trunk?

6. What are the main organs located in the chest?

7. What are the main organs in the abdominal cavity?

8. What does the arm consist of?

9. What basic parts is the lower extremity formed by?

10. What covers the bones of the skeleton?