Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Vocabulary

inviolability – неприкосновенность

impermissibility — недопустимость

to permit — разрешать, допускать

arbitrary — произвольный, дискреционный

unimpeded exercise — беспрекословное исполнение

to exercise a law rights — пользоваться законными правами

to a certain extent — до некоторой степени

in accordance with — в соответствии

ownership — совместная собственность, право собственности,владение

rights in rem — вещные (абсолютные) права

individualized creativity — творчество

entrepreneurial activities — предпринимательская деятельность

undertaking — предпринимательство

to undertake — предпринимать, брать на себя ответственность,гарантировать

performance of work — исполнение работы

capacity — способность, правоспособность, дееспособность, должностное положение, компетенция

inalienable — неотчуждаемый

 

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Article 1. Foundation Principles of Civil Legislation

 

Civil legislation is founded on the recognition of the equality of participants in the relations which regulate the inviolability of property, the freedom of contract, the impermissibility of arbitrary interference by anyone whomsoever in private matters, the necessity for unimpeded exercise of civil law rights, and securing the restoration of violated rights as well as their defence in the courts of law.

Citizens (physical persons) and legal persons acquire and exercise law rights through their own free will and in their own interest. They are free in establishing their rights and responsibilities on the basis of a contract and in determining the conditions of the contract to the extent that such conditions do not contradict legislation.

Civil law rights may be limited on the basis of federal law and only to the extent that is necessary for purposes of defending the foundations of constitutional order, public morality, health, or the rights and lawful interests of other persons, or ensuring national defence and the security of the state.

Goods, services and capital shall move freely throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Limitations on the movement of goods and services may be imposed in accordance with federal law, if such is necessary for ensuring public safety, defending the life and health of persons, protecting the environment and cultural treasures.

 

Article 2. Relations Regulated by Civil Legislation

1. Civil legislation determines the legal status of participants in civil law relations, the grounds for the creation and procedure for the exercise of the rights of ownership and other rights in rem, rights to the result of intellectual activities and similar forms of individualized creativity (intellectual rights) regulates contractual and other obligations, as well as other property and related personal (nonmaterial) relations, based on equality, autonomy of will and proprietary independence of their participants.

Citizens (physical persons) and legal persons are the participants in relations regulated by civil legislation. The Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal formations may also participate in relations which are regulated by civil legislation.

Civil legislation regulates relations between persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities or participating in such activities, based on the fact that entrepreneurial activities are independent activities undertaken at one's own risk and directed at the systematic making of profit from the use of property, sale of goods, performance of work or provision of services by persons registered in this capacity in accordance with the procedure stipulated by law.

Rules established by civil legislation are applicable to relations involving the participation of foreign citizens, stateless persons and foreign legal persons, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

Inalienable human rights and freedoms and other nonmaterial values are protected by civil legislation, unless otherwise indicated by the nature of these nonmaterial values.

Civil legislation is not applicable to property relations based on administrative or other governmental subordination of one party to another, including tax and other administrative relations, unless otherwise provided by legislation.