Trunk (2), bony, muscles, chief parts, respiratory system, tissues, spinal column, skull.

1. The lungs belong to the ______.

2. The skeleton of the_______ mainly consists of the ________made of a series of _______rings.

3. There are three _______of the human body.

4. The bony framework of the head is the ______.

5. The _____ is divided into two large cavities by the diaphragm.

6. The skeleton of the body supports the soft___, _______ and organs.

Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. How many parts of human body are there?

2. How many bones does the human skeleton have?

3. What is the bony framework of the head?

4. What does the upper cavity contain?

5. What are the parts of the upper extremity?

6. What are the parts of the lower extremity?

Части тела (The Parts of the Human Body)

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, выпишите незнакомые слова и переведите их (Read the text, write out unknown words from it, translate them):

The Parts of the Human Body

The body is wonderfully made, like a complex, perfect machine. Each part is specially constructed to carry out its own function, and to work as a whole with the other parts. The body has a strong frame work of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton is covered by muscles and other soft tissues, and by skin on the outside. The human body consists of three parts. They are the head, the trunk and the limbs.

The main part of the head is called the skull. The forehead, the temples, the cheeks, the cheekbones, the two jaws and the mouth compose the face. The teeth and the tongue are loading in the mouth. One chews food with the teeth and tastes food with the tongue. The lips are the two margins of the mouth. We see with the eyes, breathe and smell with the nose. The trunk consists of the spine, the chest and the pelvic bones. The trunk is divided into two large cavities by diaphragm. The upper cavity of the trunk is called thorax and lower one is called the belly. The lungs and the heart are located above the diaphragms in the upper cavity. In the lower cavity we find interior organs such as stomach, liver, urinary bladder, gallbladder kidneys, spleen and intestines.

 The upper limb is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the forearm and the hand. The join between upper arm and forearm we call the elbow. The wrist is the joint between forearm and hand. Each hand has five fingers: index, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb.

The lower limb consists of the thigh-bone, the shin-bone and the fibula. We call the calf the back of the lower leg. The join between the femur and the lower leg is called the knee-joint. This joint is protected by the knee-cap. The joints between lower legs and feet are the ankles. The foot consists of heel, sole and toes.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты (Find English equivalents):

Составляют лицо; располагаются во рту; работаться как одно целое; покрыт мускулами и мягкими тканями; жевать еду; состоять из трех частей; внутренние органы; верхние конечности; нижние конечности.

Задание 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты (Find Russian equivalents):

To carry out its own function; complex machine; the teeth and the tongue are loading in the mouth; strong frame work of bones; upper cavity; lower cavity; tastes food with the tongue; joint between forearm and hand.

Задание 4. Прочитайте текст, определите, верны / неверны данные предложения (Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text):

1. Each part of the body carries out its own function.

2. The skeleton is covered by muscles on the outside.

3. The face is composed by the forehead, the temples, the cheeks and two jaws.

4. The food is tested with the tongue.

5. The upper cavity of the trunk is called the belly.

6. The elbow is the joint between forearm and hand.

7. The foot consists of heel, sole and toes.

Внутренние органы (The Internal Organs)

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

All internal organs are situated in the chest and abdomen. The chest is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. The principal organs of the chest are the gullet, the heart and the lungs. The gullet connects the pharynx and the stomach. There are two lungs - one in each half of the chest. They differ in size. The right lung is larger than the left one. There is the heart between the lungs behind the breastbone. The heart pumps the blood to the whole body.

The lower part of the trunk is the abdominal cavity. The principal organs here are the stomach, the liver, two kidneys, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the small and large intestines, the bladder and internal sex glands. There is the liver with the gallbladder in the right upper abdominal part. The liver is the largest and heaviest organ in the body. It works over all the products of digestion. The liver destroys poisons and bacteria which get into the blood. There is the stomach, the pancreas and the spleen in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. Behind them there are the right and left kidneys at the back.

The small and large intestines occupy all the lower abdomen. Here is also the bladder and sex glands. Each internal organ of the body plays a specific role in the organism. The branch of medicine which studies internal organ diseases is called internal medicine.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и выражения на английский язык (Find English equivalents):

расположены в области груди и живота; перерабатывает все продукты пищеварения; яды; бактерии; нижняя часть туловища; правая верхняя часть брюшной полости; самый большой и тяжелый орган тела;

Задание 3. Переведите слова и выражения на русский язык (Find Russian equivalents):

Principal organs; behind the breastbone; to pump the blood; lower part of the trunk; the right and left kidneys at the back; intestines occupy all the lower abdomen; internal medicine

Задание 4. Заполните пропуски 1-6 данными словами (Put the correct word or phrase into the spaces 1-6 in the text):