Кафедра методики обучения иностранным языкам ргпу им. А. И. Герцена

Ю.М. Бобрицкая

ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков СПбГЛТУ

 

 

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

ДЛЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

СТУДЕНТОВ 1 КУРСА ЛЕСОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

 

Санкт-Петербург

2013

 

Рассмотрено и рекомендовано к изданию методической комиссией факультета ландшафтной архитектуры

Санкт-Петербургского Лесотехнического университета

14 мая 2013 г.

 

Отв. редактор

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры романской филологии РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена Л.Г. Мартыненко

(Санкт- Петербургский Российский государственный педагогический университет),

Кафедра методики обучения иностранным языкам РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена

(заведующий кафедрой методики обучения иностранным языкам РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена, кандидат педагогических наук О.И. Трубицина),

UNIT 1.

Просмотрите правила чтения обозначений времени в РТ.

1. 1. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором порядковые числительные:

The 1^st, the 2 nd, the 3d, the 4^th, the 5^th (fifth), the 6^th, the 7^th, the 8^th, the 9^th, the 10^th, the 11^th, the 12^th, the 13^th, the 14^th, the 15^th, the 16^th, the 17^th, the 18^th, the 19^th, the 20^th, the 21^st, the 22^nd, the 30^th.

 

1. 2. Просмотрите фонетический комментарий на стр. 5 в РТ. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором обозначения времени:

1703, 1712, 1800, 1803, 1811, 1917, 1941, 1945, 1996, 2000, 2014;

in 1703, by 1703, from 1917 to 1918, in the middle of 1918,at the beginning of 1924, during 1941, in the 1960s;

January, 1, February, 29, March, 8, April, 1, May, 9, June, 12, July, 15, August, 25, September, 1, October, 20, November, 22, December, 4.

On January13, on February 2, by March 13, by April 12, on May 1, on June 30, on July 5, on August 22, by September 27, by November 15, on December 31.

7.00, 8.05, 9. 15, 10.55, 11.10, 12.45, 13.30, 14. 40, 15. 55, 16.50, 17.32, 18.17, 19.28, 20.00, 21.08, 22.48, 23.37, 24.00.

 

 

 

        

    At 7.00, at 8.15, at 9.20, at 10.30, at 11.40, at 12.50, at 13.05, at 14. 35, from 15.00 to 16.00, from 17.30 to 18.45, by 19.25, by 20.00, by 21.40, by 22.50, by 23.55, by 24.00.

1. 3. Прочитайте и переведите вопросы и заполните пропуски в ответах в РТ информацией о себе:

- When do you usually get up?

-When were you born?

- When did you enter the University?

- When is your Mum’s birthday?

- When do you celebrate Christmas?

- When does the 1^st lecture start at our University?

- When do you usually have a break for lunch?

2. Прослушайте вопросы диктора и ответьте на них:

- When do you usually get up?

- …

 

-When were you born?

- …

 

- When did you enter the University?

- …

 

- When is your Mum’s birthday?

- …

 

- When do you celebrate Christmas?

- …

 

- When does the 1^st lecture start at our University?

- …

 

- When do you usually have a break for lunch?

- …

 

Просмотрите грамматический комментарий в РТ и вспомните грамматическую тему «времена глагола». Переведите выделенные сказуемые на английский язык в том времени, которое, по Вашему мнению, лучше всего подходит к обозначенным в предложениях ситуациям. Вы можете проверить правильность своего перевода по переводу предложений в РТ.

 

1. Я учусь в университете. (to study)

2. Сегодня мы не учимся.

3. Он учился на вечернем отделении.

4. Он учился в университете, когда университет перевели в Москву.

5.  Я уверена, что я буду учиться в университете!

6. Этот преподаватель работает в университете с 2002 года. (to work)

7. Я уже подрабатывала, поэтому я знаю как совмещать работу и учёбу. (to work part time)

8. Я сейчас подрабатываю, поэтому у меня очень мало времени для встреч с друзьями.

9. Мне нужны карманные деньги, поэтому я буду подрабатывать.

10. На следующей неделе я подрабатываю почти каждый день.

11. Почти все студенты подрабатывают.

12. На следующей неделе мы получим стипендию. (to get-got-got)

13. Мы только что получили стипендию.

14. Он прекрасно учился и получал президентскую стипендию.

15. Он подал заявления в 3 университета. (to apply)

16. Он подал заявления уже в 3 университета и собирается подать заявление в четвертый.

17. Я подаю заявление только в один университет.

18. Каждый год примерно 150 человек подает заявление на факультет экономики.

19. Он увидел рекламу этого университета после того как уже подал заявление в наш университет. (to see-saw-seen)

20. Мы будем сдавать экзамены в январе. (to pass)

21. Мы собираемся сдавать два экзамена в один день, хотя это – не по правилам.

22. Ура! Мы сдали первый экзамен и идём в кафе отпраздновать это. (to go-went-gone, to celebrate)

23. Мыуже сдали ЕГЭ по математике и русскому, а на следующей неделе сдаём ЕГЭ по физике.

24. В прошлом году мы сдали все экзамены очень хорошо.

25. Мы сейчас сдаём экзамен, я перезвоню вечером. (to call back)

 

 

    14. Наибольшую проблему при выборе времени глагола представляет выбор     между Past Indefinite и Present Perfect и между Present Indefinite и Present     Continuous.

Просмотрите грамматический комментарий в РТ. Раскройте скобки - поставьте глаголы в правильные формы в соответствии с ситуацией, заданной в предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Отметьте те предложения, которые могут Вам понадобитьсся в разговоре о поступлении и учёбе в университете.

    15. 1. Past Indefinite или Present Perfect?

 

1. I just (to enter) the University, so it is sometimes not easy for me to find the lecture hall I need.

2. My parents (to enter) the University many years ago so they had to pass entrance competitive exams.

3. He (to graduate) from a higher school in Moscow, not St. Petersburg.

4. They (to graduate) from the University this year and (not to find) jobs yet.

5. Last year he (to get) state grant and also (to work) part time.

6. We just (to get) our state grant so we are going to the cinema today in the evening.

7. Two years ago – in my first year at the University – I (not to miss) any lectures.

8. This month he already (to miss) 4 or 5 lectures!

9. We (to write) a test paper yesterday.

10. I (to write) the test paper – may I go now?

 

    16. 2 Present Continuous или Present Indefinite?

1. I usually (to get up) at 7 o’clock to have enough time for having breakfast.

2. May I call you back later? I cannot speak now – I (to get up).

3. Ivan bought a car. Tomorrow we (to go) to the University in his car!

4. I often (to get) to the University on foot.

5. From time to time we (to have) lunch together in our canteen.

6. We’re in the cafeteria and we (to have) our lunch.

7. He (to play) football in the University team every other day.

8. He is very sporty and cannot help going in for sport - at present he (to play) football in the University team and (to plan) to start playing tennis.

9. We (to write test papers) twice a month.

10. Next Friday we (to write) our semester test paper.

 

17. Просмотрите в РТ грамматический комментарий по теме «вопросы».

Cоставьте вопросы, чтобы заполнить пропуски в тексте «About Myself» в РТ.

   

Подготовьте рассказ о себе.

UNIT 2.

1. Выберите какой-нибудь символ по восточному календарю(например, в год которого родились Ваши родные, друзья или Вы) и прочитайте даты, на которые выпадает празднование Китайского Нового года:

Rat (Крыса): 19.02.1996, 07.02.2008, 25.01.2020

Ox (Бык) 07.02.1997, 26.01.2009, 12.02.2021

Tiger (Тигр) 28.01.1998, 14.02.2010, 01.02.2022

Rabbit (Кролик) 16.02.1999, 03.02.2011, 22.01.2023

Dragon (Дракон) 05.02.2000, 23.01.2012, 10.02.2024

Snake (Змея) 24.01.2001, 01.02.2013, 29.01.2025

Horse (Лошадь) 12.02.2002, 31.01.2014, 17.02.2026

Goat (Овца) 01.02.2003, 19.02.2015, 06.02.2027

Monkey (Обезьяна) 22.01.2004, 08.02.2016, 26.01.2028

Rooster (Петух) 09.02.2005, 28.01.2017, 13.02.2029

Dog (Собака) 29.01.2006, 16.02.2018, 03.02.2030

Pig(Свинья) 18.02.2007, 05.02.2019, 23.01.2031

 

 

2. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором:

07.01.2014, 14.02.2015, 08.03.2016, 13.03.2017, 12.04.2018, 09.05.2019, 01.06.2020, 31.07.2021, 22.08.2022, 25.08.2023, 27.09.2024, 05.10.2025, 10.11.2026, 15.11.2027, 22.11.2028, 04.12.2029, 25.12.2030, 31.12.2031.

 

3. Задайте следующие вопросы студенту из Великобритании и прослушайте его ответы. Запишите информацию, содержащуюся в ответах. Проверьте правильно ли Вы услышали ответы    по РТ.

1. - What city are you from?

2. – How old are you?

3. – Are you a student?

4.  – What degree (степень) are you going to get?

5. – What does B.S.E. stand for (означчает)?

6. - Are you going to get Master’s degree?

7. – When are you graduating from the University?

8. – Are you a full time student?

9. - Do you work part-time?

10. – How many hours a week do you work?

 

 

4. Скажите, что Вы запомнили о студенте из Великобритании.

5. Проведите «пресс-конференцию» по теме «Жизнь студента»: задайте вопросы по теме одному из студентов из каждой подгруппы. Оцените ответы и определите, кто из «интервьюируемых» отвечал лучше всего.

6. В РТ заполните страницу еженедельника и расскажите о своих планах на неделю (в Present Continuous). Например, On Monday I am visiting my former          (бывшие) school mates. We are going to a cafeteria.

7. Составьте предложения в разных временах. Вы можете выбрать глаголы и выражения времени из списка. В случае возникновения затруднений просмотрите грамматический комментарий по теме «времена глагола»

Правильные глаголы: to attend lectures, to miss lectures, towalk, to work part-time, to clean my room, to solve a problem, to help somebody, to talk, to discuss problems, to visit somebody, to cook,to watch TV (football matches, serials), to play (football, computer games, twister), to stay at home (at the hostel), to hitch-hike (путешествовать автостопом), to enjoy (oneself).

Неправильные глаголы: to go-went-gone (to the University, to the sports club, to the cinema, to the country, abroad, skiing, snowboarding, cycling, swimming, to bed early/late, to the night club, shopping), to keep-kept-kept late hours, to drive-drove-driven a car, to spend-spent-spen (time), to have-had-had (a good time).

 

Выражения времени: at midnight, late in the evening, at 5 p.m., in the morning, at dawn, in the middle of the day, at 9 p.m. as usual, at 7.30, from 5 to 7 p.m

 

a) The Present Indefinite Tense:

On weekdays I usually ….

At weekends I usually ….

In the evening I often …..

In the morning I always …

Every day I ….

From time to time I …

 When I have some free time…

At the Academy I …

Sometimes I …   

Every summer I …

____________________________________________________

b) The Past Indefinite Tense:

Yesterday …..

The day before yesterday ….

Last week  …..

A year ago …

Last month ….

Some day ago ….

___________ __________________________________________

c) The Present Perfect Tense:

Today  ….

This week  ….

This month  ….

…. just …..

….already …..

 

8. Заполните пропуски в предложениях в РТ и ответьте на вопросы (глагол в ответе поставьте в форму the Perfect Continuous):

1. For how many months have you been studying at the University?

2. How long have you been learning English?

3. How long will you have been passing your exams?

4. How long will you have been passing your exams?

4) How long have you been waiting for the lecturer?

5) How long will you have been reading up for the examination?

6) How long will you have been working to organize it?

7)How long have you been writing it?

8) How long will you have been waiting?

9) How many years have your Mum been looking after you?

10) How long have you been learning English?

11) How long have you been living in St.Petersburg?

12) How long have you been waiting for your order?

13) How long have you been cooking?

14) How long have your been going in for sport?

 

UNIT 3

   

    1. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором:

1. – Are you tired? – No, I’m not.

2. – Are you sick? – No, I’m not.

3. – Are you hot? – No, I’m not.

4. – Are you ready for the test? – Sure. 100%.

5. – Are you glad to see me? – Sure. I’m happy to see you again.

6. - Were you present at our last lesson? – Sure.

7. – Were you absent at the University last week? 

8. – Are you hungry? – Yes, a little.

9. – Are you cold? – Yes, a little.

10. – Are you thirsty? – Yes, a little.

11. – Are you busy? – Yes, a little.

12. – Were you surprised to see me here? – Yes, a little.

13. – Were you angry with your neighbours for making such a noise yesterday? – Sure.

14. - Is he mistaken? – Yes, I’m afraid.

15. – Is he late? – Yes, I’m afraid.

16. – Are you sure, he will come? – Yes, I am. 100 %.

 

2. Прослушайте вопросы и ответьте на них:

- Are you tired?

- …

- Are you hungry?

- …

- Are you OK?

- …

- Are you cold?

- …

- Are you busy in the evening?

- …

- Are you sick?

- …

- Are you hot?

- …

3. Подберите 2 варианта ответных реплик по образцу:

 

- I am hot!

-   Shall I open the window? (Нужно) мне открыть окно?/ - Would you like an ice-cream? Хочешь мороженое?

 

1) – I am cold!

2) – I am thirsty!

3) – I am late for the lecture!

4) – I am bored!

5) – I am sick!

6) – I am so tired!

7) – Sorry, I am busy now!

 

1. Shall I come later? Shall I make tea or coffee for you? Shall I close the window? Shall I give you a “pain killer” pill? Shall I switch the TV set off? Shall I switch the TV set on? Shall I give you a lift?

2. Would you like some lemonade? Would you like a cup of hot tea? Would you like to watch a film? Would you like to have some rest? Would you like me to give you a lift? Would you like me to call for a doctor? Would you like me to come later?

 

4.В РТ заполните пропуски различными формами глагола «to be». В случае затруднений просмотрите грамматический комментарий по теме «глагол «to be»» в РТ.

a) Расскажите о своем самочувствии или о самочувствии своего друга/своих одногруппников вчера, сегодня и завтра в 3-5 предложениях. Вы можете воспользоваться материалом, приведённым ниже или придумать предложения самостоятельно. Запишите предложения в РТ.

1. am/is/are; am not/is not =isn't/are not=aren't (thirsty, tired, angry, angry with Tim, sick and tired, ill, sick, so-so, OK, late for work, late, cold, hot, nervous, busy, present at the first/last lecture, absent at the first/last lecture)

2. was/wasn't; were/weren't (thirsty, tired, angry, angry with Tim, sick and tired, ill, sick, so-so, OK, late for work, late, cold, hot, nervous, busy, present at the first/last lecture, absent at the first/last lecture)

3. will be (late for the last lecture, present at all lectures, absent at the first lecture, busy, tired, nervous)

b) Расскажите о прогнозе погоды на завтра и о погоде сегодня в 3-5 предложениях. Запишите

Предложения в РТ.

 

UNIT 4

.

1. Закройте правую (русский язык) или левую (английский язык) часть упражнения и вспомните, как переводятся слова и выражения по теме «образование»:

1. to study 2. to finish school (primary school, secondary school, high school)   3. to pass All Russia exams in … 4. to be good at … 5. to choose a higher school 6. to apply to a higher school 7. to pass competitive exams 8. to have an interview 9. to accept to a higher school 10. to enter a higher school 11. to train students 12. to attend lectures 13. to miss lectures 14. to have 2 lectures a day 15. to write test papers 16. to do somebody's homework 17. to write a thesis 18. to defend a thesis 19. to write an annual paper 20. to work part time 21. to get a state grant 22. to get an Honours diploma 23. to transfer from one higher school to another 24. to fail at the exam 25. to read for an exam 26. to graduate from a higher school 27. to borrow books from a library 28. faculty 29. department 30. curriculum 31. full time department 32. part time department 33. by correspondence department 34. post graduate department 35. timetable 36. the Dean 37. the Dean's office 38. record book 39. the Rector 40. a lecturer 41. a tutor 42. a scientific supervisor 43. a group mate 44. a monitor 45. Diploma Engineer 46. Bachelor 47. Master of Science 48. Students' Scientifis Society   49. Students’ trade union 50. a lecture hall 51. lecture in … 52. a laboratorium (lab) 53. a hostel 54. a library 55. a librarian 56. semester 57. state grant

1. учиться 2. закончить школу (начальная школа, средняя школа, старшие классы школы) 3. сдавать ЕГЭ по … 4. хорошо успевать по … 5. выбирать ВУЗ 6. подавать заявление в ВУЗ 7. сдавать вступительные экзамены 8. проходить собеседование 9. принимать в ВУЗ 10. поступать в ВУЗ 11. обучать студентов 12. посещать лекции 13. пропускать лекции 14. иметь 2 лекции в день 15. писать контрольную 16. делать домашнюю работу 17. писать диссертацию 18. защищать диссертацию 19. писать курсовую 20. «подрабатывать» 21. получать стипендию 22. получить «красный» диплом 23. переходить из одного ВУЗа в другой ВУЗ 24. «провалиться» на экзамене 25. готовиться к экзамену 26. закончить ВУЗ 27. брать книги в библиотеке 28. факультет 29. отделение/кафедра 30. программа 31. дневное отделение 32. вечернее отделение 33. заочное отделение 34. аспирантура 35. расписание 36. декан 37. деканат 38. зачётная книжка 39. ректор 40. лектор 41. куратор 42. научный руководитель 43. одногруппник 44. староста 45. дипломированный инженер 46. бакалавр 47. магистр 48. СНО (студенческое научное общество) 49. студенческий профсоюз 50. лекционный зал 51. лекция по … 52. лаборатория 53. общежитие 54. библиотека 55. библиотекарь 56. семестр 57. стипендия

 

 

    2. Прочитайте и переведите одну из частей текста по своему   выбору. В таблицу в рабочей тетради выпишите сказуемые из текста, которые стоят в действительном залоге/ в страдательном залоге. Назовите начальную форму этих глаголов, определите     время глаголов-сказуемых.

Forest Education

I

    The first forest schools appeared in different countries of the world in the 18^th century. Forestry had been taught much earlier in central Europe, but the first dedicated forestry school was established by Georg Hartig at Dillenburg in Germany in 1787.

In North America the first forest school - the Biltmore Forest School - was established near Asheville, North Carolina, by Carl A. Schenck on September 1, 1898. Another early school - the New York State College of Forestry - was established at Cornell University just a few weeks later, in September 1898. Early in the19th century North American foresters went to Germany to study forestry. Some early German foresters also emigrated to North America.

In South America the first forestry school was established in Brazil, specifically in Vicosa and later was transferred to Curitiba, Parana.        

II

In Russia, forestry education goes back to the beginning of the 18^th century. On the basis of a Senate Decree of 1726, three German foresters, Ferdinand Gabriel Poke, Melchior Zeiger, and Yagan Falentin came to Russia. They were given very favorable contracts, good salaries, free firewood, servants and interpreters. The initial contracts were for four years with a two year extension if necessary. The foresters were to study and survey forests that could be used for shipbuilding. They were also charged with the protection and care of the forests equal to that in Germany, and each forester was required to train six students. This method of training failed to produce high results and it was only at the beginning of the 19^th century that the first forestry schools were founded in Tsar’s Village (Tzarskoye Selo), Kozlovsk and St. Petersburg. In 1803 theses three forestry schools were united into the first Forest Institute. Soon it had as many as 15 professors and instructors conducting a four year course and preparing students for the higher positions in the forestry service. Other forestry schools followed and 10 secondary schools were established for rangers and under-foresters. By the beginning of the 20^th century the number of schools had increased to 30. These were boarding schools in the woods, where a certain number of students were taught free of charge. The course of 2 years was mainly directed to practical work and theoretical study in agriculture.

    Forestry experimental stations were set up in various parts of the country and a very considerable and advanced literature is the evidence of the good education and activity of the forest service.

There were several societies for the encouragement of silviculture. Probably the oldest was the Imperial Russian Society for the Advancement of Forestry. It was founded in 1832 and remained active until 1850. The Society published a journal and translations of foreign books. In 1871 the first society for professional foresters was founded in St. Petersburg.

III

     Nowadays forestry education is either imparted in the agricultural universities and in Forest Research Institute (like in India) or students are trained at specialized faculties of different universities.

 In Russia there are several higher schools training specialists in forestry. Among them are

!!! все универы с the!

Ural State Forest Engineering University, St. Petersburg Forest Technical University, Syktyvkar Forest Institute, Bryansk State Engineering Technological Academy, Voronezh State Forestry Engineering Academy, Far East Forestry Institute, Forest Institute of Far-Eastern State Agricultural University, Mari State Technical University, Moscow State Forest University, Siberian State Technological University.

       One can also get higher forestry education at the Faculty of Forestry of Arkhangelsk State Technical University, the Faculty of Land Use and Forestry of Bashkir State Agricultural University, at Forest Industry Faculty of Bratsk State University, Department of Forestry of Vologda State Milk Economic Academy, Department of Wood Processing Technology of Far-East State Technical University, Forestry and Ecology Faculty of Kazan State Agrarian University, Forestry Faculty of Orenburg State Agricultural University, Forestry Faculty of Nizhni Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Faculty of Forest Engineering of Petrozavodsk State University, Forestry Department of Russian State Agricultural University, Department of Ecology, Botany and Environmental Protection of Samara State University, Department of Ecological Conservation and Forestry of Saratov State Agriculture University, Forestry Department - of Ulianovsk State University, Faculty of Forest Technology of Ukhta State Technical University. There are also several forestry colleges such as Biisk Forest College, Lisinsky Forest College and Petrozavodsk Forestry Technical School.

 

IV

        There also exist international study programmes, for example, Euroforester (MSc) - a joint programme between 13 forest faculties in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Denmark, Russia, Ukraine and Sweden; Forestrty and Environment Engineering (MSc) - Cross-Border University (CBU) – a degree programme organised by Finnish and Russian universities. There are also international unions and associations which coordinate forest science efforts world-wide, for example, the International Union of Forest Research Organizations, the Forest Policy Education Network and International Forestry Students’ Association or IFSA.

    IFSA is a non-political, not for profit organization of tertiary-level forestry students around the world. Approximately 10,000 forestry and related forest science students are either directly or indirectly represented, with more than 60 Local Committees in over 40 countries. IFSA promotes global cooperation among students of forest sciences in order to broaden knowledge and understanding to achieve a sustainable future for forests, and provides a voice for youth in international forest policy forest policy processes. Through its social network, IFSA encourages student meetings, enables participation in scientific debates, and supports the involvement of youth in decision making processes and international forest and environmental policy. IFSA is officially registered as a charity organization charity, with its seat in Freiburg, Germany.

UNIT 5

Посмотрите на своих одногруппников, какие черты характера вы бы выбрали для описания одного из них? Напишите в РТ краткую характеристику одного из своих одногруппников и свою характеристику. Сравните свою характеристику с тем, как Вас представляют Ваши одногруппники.

Выскажите своё мнение по образцу:

I think, Mary is …        I think Mary is not ….

6. Разделитесь на подгруппы. Выберите те черты характера, которые необходимы для фрилансера и для работы в команде. Составьте предложения по образцу:

I think for a freelancer it’s important to be …

I think for a good “team player” it’s important to be…

UNIT 6

1. Разделитесь на 2 группы, прочитайте один из текстов: текст «Санкт Петербург» (1 группа) или текст «Лондон» (2 группа) и найдите ответы на вопросы:

When was St. Petersburg founded? When was London founded?

Why was St. Petersburg founded? Why was London founded?

How many parts does St. Petersburg consist of? How many parts does London consist of?

Why was the Tower of London constructed? Why was the Peter and Paul fortress constructed?

What is the population of St. Petersburg? What is the population of London?

What is London today? What is St. Petersburg today?

What are the main places of interest in St. Petersburg? What are the main places of interest in London?

    London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial center. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million people.
London is situated on the river Thames. At the time of the Roman occupation in the 1^st century A.D. London was already a town of considerable importance. In the 9^th century King Alfred made London the capital of his kingdom. The city suffered greatly in 1665 – nearly 70,000 Londoners died of the Great Plague. The epidemic was followed by the Great Fire of 1666 which destroyed most of the walled section of the city. After the Great Fire the Rebuilding Act was adopted. According to the Act all constructions had to be made of stone and brick.

The city suffered a great deal during WWII – it was heavily bombed. About 10, 000 people were killed and 17,000 badly wounded.

Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other.
The city is the oldest part of London, its financial and business center. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two wonderful buildings are situated within the City: St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. The Tower of London used to be a fortress. After it had lost its military significance the Tower of London became a prison and later it was turned into a museum.
Westminster is the center of administration. It includes Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as “Big Ben”. Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (Newton, Ch. Dickens, R. Keepling, etc.)
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, bars and houses are situated there.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London. Nelson Column, which stands in the middle of the square, was built in honor of admiral Nelson. Opposite the Nelson monument is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. They contain the finest art collections in the world. Not far from the National Gallery is the British Museum famous for its rich library (about 7 million books).
Westminster and the West End are the main tourist attractions in London.
The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. The region is densely populated by working class families. The residents of the East End are called cockneys which means true Londoners, hereditary inhabitants of the area.
The suburbs of London cover a vast area. A lot of people live there and travel to the center every day to work. They are called commuters.
London is a cosmopolitan city. People of several races and many nationalities live there.

 

St. Petersburg is one of the largest cities in the world and the second largest city of Russia. Nowadays it is the political, cultural, economic and educational center of Russia. Its population is about 5 million people.

St. Petersburg is situated in the delta of the Neva river.

It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great. The first construction of the city was Peter and Paul fortress. The fortress was constructed to protect the lands which were taken back from Sweden by the Russian army in the Northern war. The day of the fortress foundation is considered to be the birthday of the city.

In 1704 another fortress was built in Kronstadt, so Peter and Paul fortress lost its military significance and was turned into prison. The last prisoners of the fortress were the members of the Provisional government. Later it became a museum of the city history.

 Peter I decided to make a new city the capital of the country. In 1712 the city became the capital of Russia. The best architects were invited to build palaces for the nobility. All streets were straight and houses were to be constructed

 

out

of stone to prevent fires. In 1918 the capital was transferred to Moscow because it was dangerous for the Government to stay in the city during the Civil war. Nowadays some administrative institutions have been relocated to St. Petersburg from Moscow but still most of

the

Governmental institutions are situated in Moscow.

When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October Revolution the city was renamed after Lenin – Leningrad.

During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and thousands of people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Rebuilding took years.

St. Petersburg can be divided into two parts – the old part and so-called “sleeping” districts. They are very different from each other. Much fewer people live in the center of the city than in its sleeping districts. The main places of interest are situated in the center: the Winter Palace, the Hermitage which is one of the largest museums and art galleries in the world, the Russian Museum with a rich collection of paintings and sculptures of Russian artists

and

sculptors, St Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building and others. Thousands of tourists come to St. Petersburg from every corner of the world.

The city is called the Northern Venice because there are 65 rivers, TRIBUTORIES

arms and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. It is also famous for its beautiful «White nights».

2. Разделитесь на 2 подгруппы.

9.1.

1. The building of the Ohta center is planned to be very high – do you know the planned height of the building?

2. What is the highest building in St. Petersburg and what is its height?

3. What was the height of a sky scraper in Primorskiy district – I mean the high building which was made shorter.

4. What is the depth of the Neva river – is it very deep?

5. The Neva river is deep enough to take even sea ships – what is its depth in the deepest part?

6. Do you know how long the Nevskiy prospect is – what is its length?

7. If you have no ruler how can you show one meter – how long is our arm? What is the length of one arm and a half?

8. In Medieval cities streets were very narrow – sometimes they were not wide enough for two pedestrians to walk at a time. What was the width of the narrowest street?

9. We have a street which is not very wide – its width is about 2 or 3 meters – do you know, where it is situated?

10. What is the height of an average 9-story building – is it very high?

9.2

1. The average глубина of the Neva river is 8–11 m, which means that it is 8-11 m глубиной (= глубокая).

2.  The maximum глубина of the Neva river is 24 m (near the Liteyny Bridge), which means that near the Liteyny bridge it is 24 m глубиной (глубокая).

3. The total длина of the Neva river is 74 km, which means that it is 74 km в длину (= длинная).

4. The длина of the Neva river within the city is 28 km, which means that within the city it is 28 km в длину (= длинная).

5. In some places (such as the mouth of the Kama River) the Volga reaches the ширина of 50 km (Kuybyshev Reservoir), which means that it is такая широкая как 50 km.

6. The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest bell tower of the Kremlin in Moscow, with a total высота of 81 meters (266 feet), which means it is 81 meters в высоту (= высокая).

7. The длина of the Great Chinese Wall is 8 851 km and 800 meters, which means it is 8 851 and 800 meters в длину (= длинная).

8. The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Xian province of China. The figures vary in высоте – from 1.83 to 1.95 metres (6.0–6.4 ft), according to their roles, with the самые высокие being the generals. 

9. The глубина of the abyss was so great that it seemed to have no bottom.

10. The narrowest street in St. Petersburg is Repin street – its average ширина is 5,6 meters.

11. The tallest construction of our city is the TV tower – its высота is 310 meters.

12. The tallest architectural construction of our city is Peter and Paul Cathedral – its высота is 122,5 meters.

13. The street of architect Rossi is a unique architectural ensemble due to its proportions – its ширина equals the высоте of the buildings and is 22 meters and its длина is 10 times bigger - 220 meters.

14. Sometimes young girls wear very short skirts – their длина is only enough to screen their bumps!

15. Ширина of the door way should not be less than 1,5 meters.

16. At what глубина can water be found in our city?

17. A group of miners in Chili spent 69 days in a mine which was 700 meters глубиной (= глубокая).

18. The длина of films nowadays is rarely less than 2 hours.

10. Расскажите об одной из достопримечательностей Санкт-Петербурга или Лондона. Найдите информацию о достопримечательностях одного из 2 городов или воспользуйтесь дополнительным материалом в конце учебника.

UNIT 7

1. Повторите за диктором словосочетания с предлогами времени:

1.1. On Monday, on Tuesday, on Wednesday, on Thursday, on Friday, on Saturday, on Sunday.

 

1. 2. Let’s meet on Monday, let’s meet on Tuesday, let’s meet on Wednesday, let’s meet on Thursday, let’s meet on Friday, let’s meet on Saturday, let’s meet on Sunday.

 

1. 3. At 8 o’clock, at 9 o’clock, at 10 o’clock, at 11 o’clock, at 12 o’clock, at 1 o’clock p.m., at 2 o’clock p.m., at half past 3 p.m., at half past 4 p.m., at half past 5 p.m., at half past 6 p.m., at quarter to 7 p.m., at quarter to 8 p.m., at quarter to 9 p.m.

 

1. 4. Let’s meet on Monday, at half past 7. Let’s meet on Tuesday, at half past 8. Let’s meet on Wednesday, at half past 9. Let’s meet on Thursday, at half past 10. Let’s meet on Friday, at A

 

quarter to 11. Let’s meet on Saturday, at  A quarter to 12.

 

2. В РТ просмотрите грамматический комментарий по теме «модальные глаголы».

Ответьте на вопросы. Обратите внимание на предлоги времени и формы модальных глаголов «can» и «must» в будущем времени:

 

1. When will you be able to come to the University tomorrow? (At… - В …/ Not earlier than… Не раньше…)

2. When will you be able to get up on Sunday? (At… - В …/ Not earlier than… - Не раньше…)

3. When will you be able to buy a car? (In… - через …)

4. When will you be able to travel all over the world? (In… - через …)

5. When will you be able to become a good specialist in your sphere? (In… - через …)

6. When will you have to get up tomorrow? (At … - В…)

7. When will you have to pass exams? (In …(месяц) - В…)

8. When will you have to start working? (In … (год) - В…)

9. When will you have to pay your mobile phone bill? (In …-через)

10. When will you have to go on practice? (In … - В …)

 

3. Ответьте на вопросы (Вы можете дать свой вариант ответа или выбрать один из предложенных вариантов и дать ответ как в положительной, так и в отрицательной форме):

· What could you do at the age of 5?(Read, write, cook, smoke, play the piano, drive a car, dance, sing, play with toys, swim, jump, ride a bicycle, speak English.)                     

 

· What could you do at school? (have privileges when buying monthly tickets for public transport; buy tickets to cinemas (theatres, concerts and museums) with a discount; have holidays 4 times a year; drive a motorbike; miss lessons, spend much time with my friends; ask my parents to give me some pocket money; work part time; work full time)

 

· What can you do now? (Drive a car , solve problems, earn 500 $ a month, pass 5 exams in a month, learn 3 pages by heart, dance, sing, sleep for only 5 hours a night, cook, go to night clubs, travel)

· What can you do at the University and could not do at school? (solve my problems myself; work part time; travel abroad without parents; go to night clubs; keep late hours)

· What will you be able to do at the age of 70? (Dance, jump, ride a bike, cook, baby sit with your grandchildren, work, drive a car, grow vegetables, read lectures in a higher school, watch TV all day long.)

· What did you have to do at the age of 5? (Earn money, eat semolina, attend classes, go to bed early, pass exams, read much, cook, do the shopping, help your parents, play the piano.)

· What do you have to do now? (Earn money, eat semolina, attend classes, go to bed early, pass exams, read much, cook, do the shopping, help your parents, play the piano, look for information in the Internet)

                                              

· What will you have to do after the graduation? (Earn money, eat semolina, attend classes, go to bed early, pass exams, read much, cook, do the shopping, help your parents, play the piano, send a lot of e-mails)

· What were you allowed to do at the age of 5?(Read, go to bed late at night, write, cook, smoke, play the piano, drive a car, dance, sing, play with toys, swim, jump, ride a bicycle, speak English.)

 

    4. Вернитесь к заполненной Вамистранице из ежедневника в РТ уроке и скажите, сможете ли Вы (I will be able to …) или не сможете (I won't be able to …) сделать то, о чём Вас     просит Ваш друг.

    Задайте вопросы для того, чтобы уточнить информацию (где Вам нужно     встретиться, когда, сколько Вам понадобиться потратить времени и т. д.):

    Where can we meet? When should we meet? How much time will it take to …?

Monday – watch an interesting TV program/a football match together in the evening.

Tuesday – go to the swimming pool at 12.00.

Wednesday – babysit your friend’s little daughter for 300 roubles per hour.

Thursday – do the shopping.

Friday – help me with my home work – may be find some information for me in the Internet.

Saturday – go to the moves together.

Sunday – visit your group mate and congratulate him on his birthday together.

 

 

5. Задайте друг другу следующие вопросы и скажите, что сможете себе это позволить сделать в будущем по образцу:

 

Can you afford …?

Yes, I can./ No, I cannot. But I hope (I am sure, I believe) that in a year (in 5 years, very soon, when I am a pensioner, when I start earning more) I will be able to …(do something)

 

Can you afford buying a flat?

Can you afford staying in bed till 12.00?

Can you afford travelling a lot? Can you afford not working?                                 

Can you afford buying a car?         

Can you afford having holidays only in summer?

Can you afford having holidays twice a year?

Can you afford doing only what you like?

Can you afford breaking the dress code of the company?

Can you afford having lunch in restaurants?

 

    В подгруппах подведите итог: что вы сможете себе позволить через     5 лет, 10 лет, т.д.

6.  Составьте предложения по образцу:

I должна go now. It наверняка be very late. I не смогу to get home!

I have to go now. It must be very late. I won’t be able to get home!

1. We должны call him. Something наверняка have happened. Who сможет to call him?

2. I должна get up at 7 o’clock every week day. There наверняка be much more people in public transport at 9 o’clock than at 8 o’clock, so I должна leave home not later than at 7.45. I hope that on holidays I смогу to get up much later.

3. Many people должны work hard to earn their living. They наверняка be trying to save money to buy some real estate or cars. All of them hope that one day they смогут to save enough money and buy what they want to.

4. You должен give him a lift. He наверняка be very tired. Next time I смогу to pick him up myself.

5. We должны hurry up. Everybody наверняка have come already. If we are late we не сможем to talk to everybody.

6. You должен send me a fax ASAP. There наверняка be many documents to send. Сможешь to send all of them?

7. I должна find some solution to the problem. It наверняка be very important! And I am sure I смогу to find a solution!

8. All people должны help their friends. My friends наверняка help me in a difficult situation, I am sure! And I смогу to help them if they need my help.

9. I должна pack my things to day. Tomorrow I наверняка have no time to do it. And the day after tomorrow I смогу to relax on the beach!

10. You должна switch your TV set on. They наверняка be broadcasting the latest news. And we сможем to get some information about the accident.

 

7. “ Boasting exercise ” (Похвастайтесь). Выберите то, что вы можете/умеете делать и похвастайтесь (boast) – что вы можете/умеете делать. Задайте вопросы своему собеседнику о том, что умеет делать он(а):

I can speak English – and you? Can you speak English? I can work part time – and you? Can you work part time?

I can drive a car – and you? Can you drive a car?

I can cook – and you? Can you cook?

I can get up early – and you? Can you get up early?

I can swim – and you? Can you swim?

I can slalom ski – and you? Can you slalom ski?

I can learn a poem by heart – and you? Can you learn a poem by heart?

I can show you the way to the nearest supermarket – and you? Can you show me the way to the nearest supermarket?

I can work as a teacher – and you? Can you work as a teacher?

I can ride a bike – and you? Can you ride a bike?

 

8. Разделитесь на подгруппы, просмотрите информацию об основных событиях в СПб или Лондоне (см. Дополнительный материал в конце учебника) в течение года и посоветуйте приехать на одно из них, используя модальные глаголы по образцу:

 

You should come to St. Petersburg in June. You will be able to walk along the Neva river at night. It may be not very warm in June, so you should take a warm jacket and a raincoat with you.

 

9. Выберите из списка или вспомните самостоятельно то,что Вы любите/не любите делать (I like / I don ’ t like / I love + глагол с окончанием ing), запишите в РТ 5 своих самых любимых/нелюбимых занятия:

 

Watching sports competitions, watching fireworks, watching parades, walking around the city center, shopping, celebrating Christmas, eating pancakes, listening to music, playing musical instruments, making pancakes, sightseeing, taking boat sightseeing cruises, dancing, visiting museums, visiting theatres, visiting night clubs, making new friends, going to the country, walking in parks and gardens,

 

UNIT 8

 

1. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором: