Cadastres and land registration

The ownership, value and use of land are interdependent in practice. Each attribute of land should be carefully managed. To achieve this we need good land records of ownership to ensure security of tenure. It is also essential to have land records of value to ensure fairness in land and property taxation and equity in the compulsory acquisition of land for State purposes. And it is no less important to have information about the use of land to ensure efficient resource management.

Every land administration system should include some form of land registration. Land registration is a process for recording, and in some countries guaranteeing, information about the ownership of land. A right is something to which some person or group of persons is entitled. The function of land registration is to provide a safe foundation for the acquisition, enjoyment and disposal of rights in land.

A land administration system should provide order and stability in society. This system creates  security not only for landowners and their partners but also for national and international investors, for traders and dealers, and for Governments. Systems of land registration are also instruments of national land policy and mechanisms to support economic development.

 A cadastre is similar to a land register. It also contains a set of records about land. Cadastres are based either on the proprietary land parcel or on the taxable area of land.

 Cadastres may support either records of property rights, or the taxation of land, or the recording of land use.

The cadastre is an information system consisting of two parts: a series of maps or plans showing the size and location of all land parcels together with text records that describe the attributes of the land. It is distinguished from a land registration system in that the latter is exclusively concerned with ownership. (эти слова в упр.1)

Both a cadastre and a land register must operate within a strict legal framework. But a land register may not record all land over a whole country since not all

citizens may choose to register their lands. Furthermore, when introducing a new system

of land registration, selected areas may be given priority and other areas excluded for the

meantime in order to maximize the best use of resources.

The cadastre, however, should be based on complete coverage of a country, since it may be used for the purposes of land taxation. Surveys for the cadastre can be used to support a land registration system and indeed in many countries the term “cadastral

surveying” is used to describe the survey of land for the purposes of recording

ownership.

Different countries interpret the term “cadastre” in different ways and this can lead to great confusion when analysing systems. The common understanding is that a cadastre

is a form of land information system. The term “land information system” is applied to

a wide range of spatial information, including data related to infrastructure systems and the cadastre.

A land information system is not necessarily land parcel-based. It may be an inventory of forest resources, or of soils, and may incorporate various types of data. A cadastre is more specifically focused on the ownership, value or use of land parcels.

Data that may appear in a cadastre include: geometric data (coordinates, maps); property addresses; land use; real property information; the nature and duration of the tenure; details about the construction of buildings and apartments; population; land taxation values. Data may relate to single plots of land or may cover many properties, as in land use zoning. The data may be used to support private land transactions, or to assist in the administration of diverse sections of the economy such as: agriculture; fishery; forestry; housing; public utilities; transport, etc.

 

Reflection (Размышление)

Listening & Speaking

7. Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to give a general idea of land administration system.:

recording and guaranteeing information about	for landowners
to have a right to	economic development
to provide	of land registration
to create security	the ownership of land
instruments of	ownership
to support	order and stability
the function	national land policy

8. Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to give a general idea of a cadastre:

to contain a set	consisting of two parts
to be based on	location of all land parcels
a taxable area	of land taxation
to support records of	of records about land
an information system	the proprietary land parcel
to show the size and	of land
to describe	property rights
for the purposes	the attributes of the land

 

Unit3

Urban cadastre

I. Warming up (Разминка)

Listening & Speaking

1. Group work. Brainstorm the following questions: Report your ideas to the class. Get ready to discuss different points of view.

 

a.What is an urban cadastre?

b. What does it include?

c. What does an urban planner do?

 

 

The following lexis can be helpful:

Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:

an urban cadastre	городской реестр недвижимостей
a physical description	физическое описание
real estate tenure	владение недвижимостью
graphic and textual information	графическая и текстовая информация
an individual parcel	частный участок
a topographic feature	топографическая черта
a road, river	дорога, река
a contour line	линия равных высот, горизонталь
a cartographic grid	картографическая сетка
a geodetic bench mark	геодезическая отметка высоты
names of owners or occupants	имена владельцев или жителей
an area of specific interest	район,представляющий особый интерес
main characteristics of each parcel or building	главные характеристики каждого участка или здания
the area	площадь
the fiscal value	фискальная стоимость
associated urban certificates	сопутствующие городские сертификаты
to link together and manage in a system	компоновать вместе и организовывать в систему
a cadastral information system	кадастровая информационная система
cadastral activities	кадастровая деятельность
an urban planner	планировщик городов
to develop long- and short-term plans for the use of land	разрабатывать долгосрочные краткосрочные планы по землепользованию
the growth and revitalization of urban, suburban, and rural communities	развитие и модернизация городских, пригородных и сельских территорий
the region	область
to recommend locations for roads, schools, and other infrastructure	рекомендовать определённые места для  дорог (улиц), школ и прочей инфраструктуры
to suggest zoning regulations for private property	предлагать правила зонирования для частной собственности
to draft legislation on	разработать законопроект
an environmental, social, and economic issue	экологический, социальный и экономический вопрос (проблема)
plan a new park	планировать новый парк
to shelter the homeless	дать приют бездомным
to make the region more attractive to businesses	делать область более привлекательной для коммерческих организаций

Because local governments employ the majority of urban and regional planners, they often are referred to as community or city planners.

Evocation (Вызов)

Useful terms and phrases

2. Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:

the property registry	реестр недвижимого имущества
legal registration of land	юридическое оформление земли
real estate property	объект недвижимости
a corresponding title	соответствующий документ, дающий право собственности
a legal tenure document	стандартный правоустанавливающий документ
a registered title	правовой титул, зарегистрированный в земельном регистре
to register the title to land	оформлять право собственности
an identification number	идентификационный номер
to maintain and use cadastral information	сохранять и использовать кадастровую информацию
maintenance and use of cadastral information	сохранение и использование кадастровой информации
an information provider	поставщик информации, источник информации
an information user	потребитель информации
a cadastral and registry service	служба кадастрового учёта и регистрации
a private surveyor	землемер-частник
a notary	нотариус
a notary office	нотариальная контора
to be responsible for	быть ответственным за
systematic production and maintenance of the information	систематическое предоставление  и сохранение информации
an individual demand	индивидуальное требование
water tax collection	сбор водного налога
the area of the land	площадь земельного участка
the fiscal value	фискальная стоимость
associated urban certificates	сопутствующие городские сертификаты

 

3. Match the words and phrases to their translation and make sentences about urban cadastre:

a)

an urban cadastre	частный участок
a physical description of the land	топографическая черта
real estate tenure	площадь земельного участка
graphic and textual information	городской реестр недвижимостей
an individual parcel	физическое описание участка земли
a topographic feature	владение недвижимостью
a road, river	графическая и текстовая информация
the area of the land	дорога, река

 

b)

a contour line	кадастровая информационная система
a cartographic grid	юридическое оформление земли
names of owners or occupants	объект недвижимости
main characteristics of each parcel or building	линия равных высот, горизонталь
a cadastral information system	фискальная стоимость
legal registration of land	имена владельцев или жителей
real estate property	главные характеристики каждого участка или здания
the fiscal value	картографическая сетка

c)

a corresponding title	идентификационный номер
a legal tenure document	сохранять и использовать кадастровую информацию
a registered title	нотариальная контора
to register the title to land	соответствующий документ, дающий право собственности
an identification number	стандартный правоустанавливающий документ
a notary	правовой титул, зарегистрированный в земельном регистре
a notary office	оформлять право собственности
to maintain and use cadastral information	нотариус

d)

to be responsible for	сохранение и использование кадастровой информации
systematic production and maintenance of the information	служба кадастрового учёта и регистрации
an individual demand	реестр недвижимого имущества
water tax collection	сопутствующие городские сертификаты
maintenance and use of cadastral information	систематическое предоставление и сохранение информации
a cadastral and registry service	индивидуальное требование
the property registry	сбор водного налога
associated urban certificates	быть ответственным за

Writing & Speaking

4. Group work.  Look at the picture and think what you can speculate about the human activity depicted in the picture. Individually write down everything that you associate with this human activity. Then, share your ideas with your group.

 

The following questions can be helpful:

1. What sphere of human activity is depicted in the picture?

2. When and where did it emerge? What were the first results of this activity?

3. What does this profession deal with and what do these professionals do?

How does this activity influence people’s life?

5. Group work.  Report your ideas to the class in order to put them on the board.

6. Structure the received information in the form of the “ cluster ” (графическая организация материала, показывающая смысловые поля того или иного понятия):

                                                                                        

                  

Speaking & Listening

7. Group work. Prepare a presentation about cadastral activities and deliver the presentation to the class. Get ready to discuss different points of view answering questions and persisting in your own opinion.