Junctions are essential in maintaining the close association of the cells within the epidermis. Which of the following junctions in maintaining cell adherence in all layers of the epidermis?

Maculae adherens

Gap junctions

Hemidesmosome

Zonulae adherens

Zonulae occludens

2

104

Which of the following microscopically best characterizes brown fat cells?

Multiple droplets of lipid

Lack of mitochondria

Peripheral flattened nucleus

Abundant RER

Poor blood supply

2

105

Which of the following proteins aids in maintaining the close association of the cells of the epidermis of the skin:

Intermediate filaments

Occludins

Cadherins

Vinculin

Collagen

2

105

Which of the following provide the nutrients to mature chondrocytes?

Diffusion through the matrix

Vasculature of the cartilage

Canals within the cartilage

Capillary network within the matrix

Cellular interconnections between adjacent chondrocytes

2

106

Simple squamous epithelium is prevalent throughout the body and organ systems, which of the following is a primary function of this type of epithelium.

Lubrication

Secretion

Adsorption

Protection

Excretion

2

106

Which of the following would best characterize fibrocartillage?

Rows on chondrocytes

Presence of a perichodrium

Found at the epiphyseal plate

Large, densely stained territorial matrix

Lines bones at articular sites

2

107

Which of the following is the major component of the matrix of the cartilage?

Collagen

Isogenous groups

Lacunas

Chondrocytic processes

Perichondrium

2

107

Microvilli are essential components of epithelial cells of the small intestine. Which of the following functions would be defective resulting from a lack of microvilli on epithelia?

Absorption

Stretching

Movement

Protection

Secretion

2

108

Chondroblasts are derived from which of the following cell types?

Mesenchymal cells

ibroblasts

Proliferating chondrocytes

Cells within isogenous groups

Cells of the perichondrium

2

108

Osteoclasts would be found at which of the following sites in bone?

Howship’s lacuna

Haversian canal

Canaliculi

Endosteum

Periosteum

2

109

Which of the following best characterizes hyaline cartilage?

Abundant matrix

No perichondrium

Single chondrocytes

Found between vertebral bodies

Least resilient of all forms of cartilage

2

109

Bone of a 75-year-old man shows a decreased number of osteoblasts. However, the number of osteoclasts is greatly increased. This individual’s bones are easily fractured. Which of the following disease conditions would you expect?

Osteoporosis

Osteoartrosis

Osteopetrosis

Osteochondrosis

Rickets

 

2

110

The hormone calcitonin acts directly inhibited on which of the following cell types?

Osteoclasts

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

Chondroblasts

Chondrocytes

2

110

Elastic cartilage is found in which of the following body structures?

Epiglottis

Intervertebral discs

Tracheal rings

Cartilage at pubic symphysis

Costal cartilage

2

111

Which of the following organelles plays an essential role in the sulfation of glycosaminoglycans within chondrocytes?

Golgi apparatus

Polyribosomes

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes associated with the nuclear envelope

2

111

At which of the following sites in bone would you find osteoblasts during active deposition of new bone matrix?

Surface of bone

Haversian canal

Lacuna

Periosteum

Canaliculi

2

112

In which of the following bone sites are canaliculi found?

Compact bone

Perichondrium

Bone marrow

Newly mineralized bone matrix

Howship’s lacuna

2

112

Within compact bone, which of the following form connections between Haversian systems?

Volkmann’s canals

Howship’s lacuna

Canaliculi

Lacunae

Cement lines

2

113

Cessation of growth at which of the following sites would result in no further longitudinal growth of long bones.

Epiphyseal plate

Endosteum

Primary center of ossification

Secondary center of ossification

Diaphysis

2

114