Ex ercise 16 . Find in the text synonyms for the following words.

To name; easy; interpretation; to check; type; to contain; significant; building; tiny; volume; component; weighty; really; large; structure; to near; fast; method; advance; learning; indication; innumerable.

 

Exercise 17. Decide if the statements below are true or false.

1. The Greek word “atom” means invisible.

2. Atoms are the structural units of some substances.

3. Each atom consists of at least two constituents.

4. If a matter has a great density, its nuclei are packed together side by side.

5. The diameter of a nucleus is one million-millionth of the atom’s diameter.

Exercise 18. Discuss the following issues.

1. What would you do if the atomic theory were not verified yet? 2. What would you do if the hypothesis concerning the atomic structure of matter were not accepted yet by scientists? 3. What would you do if the atomic theory were unsatisfactorily explained? 4. What would you do if the relations among the weights of substances taking part in chemical reactions were only observed?
5. What would you do if you were interested in the problem of sub-atomic particles? 6. What would have happened if the hypothesis by John Dalton hadn’t been verified? 7. What would have happened if scientists hadn't been confirmed by further work in chemistry and physics? 8. What would have happened if a piece of rock had been magnified to the size of the earth? 9. What would have happened if nuclei could be packed together side by side? 10. What would have happened if the progress of scientific knowledge about atoms hadn't been so rapid?

 

Exercise 19. Grammar test.

1. I wish you would have called.

a. You called.

b. You didn’t call.

2. If I have money, I buy English books.

a. I always do it.

b. I do this when I have money.

3. If she had studied for her test, I’m sure she would have done quite well.

a. She didn’t study.

b. She studied.

4. If Mary had been at the office, she would have helped you.

a. Mary helped you.

b. Mary didn’t help you.

5. You could have got a higher score.

a. You didn’t get a high score because you didn’t study.

b. You got a high score because you studied.

6. They could have finished the project on time.

a. They had the ability to be quicker.

b. They finished the project on time.

7. Let’s pretend that we have this opportunity.

a. We have the opportunity.

b. We don’t have the opportunity.

8. I wish you had come back.

a. You did not come.

b. You came.

9. If you had done your homework, you would have got an excellent mark.

a. You didn’t get an excellent mark because you didn’t do your homework.

b. You did your homework, and so you got an excellent mark.

10.  You could have taken a friend to the party.

a. You came alone.

b. You came with a friend.

11.  I wish that you liked the meeting.

a. You didn’t like the meeting.

b. There is a possibility that you like the meeting.

12.  I hope that you enjoyed the party.

a. You didn’t enjoy the party.

b. There is actually possibility that you liked the party.

 

UNIT 4

 

GRAMMAR: Participle I

TEXTS: “Laser”; “ Cutting through a myth about modern lasers”

 

PARTICIPLE I

 

Forms of the Participle I

	Active	Passive
Non-Perfect	doing	being done
Perfect	having done	having been done

 

1. Participle Non-Perfect Active як частина присудка.	The students were listening to the lecturer with attention.	Студенти уважно слухали викладача.
2. Означення (займає місце як перед, так і після означуваного слова)	The smoking man was asked to leave the room. Everything depends on the proportion of the two substances being distilled. They were looking for a scientist having written that report. We take into account forms of energy having been discussed above.	Чоловіка, що палив, попросили вийти з кімнати. Все залежить від пропорції двох речовин, які зараз очищаються. Вони шукали вченого, який написав цю доповідь. Ми враховуємо форми енергії, що були описані раніше.
3. Обставина часу, способу дії	Having finished writing the test, the students can go home. Having a habit to oversleep, he is always late for his classes. Being discussed by many scientific teams, the problems tends to be very challenging. Having been warmed to 0° (zero) ice began to melt.	Після того, як студенти закінчать писати тест, вони зможуть піти додому. Оскільки він має звичку пізно прокидатись, він завжди запізнюється на заняття. Оскільки ця проблема обговорюється багатьма науковими спільнотами, вона є дуже перспективною. Після того, як лід було нагріто до 0 °, він почав танути.