Переведите текст 9.5. без словаря .

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McDONNELL DOUGLAS F-15 EAGLE

 

Primary Mission: Air Superiority*

 

The USAF requested development funding for a new air superiority fighter in 1965. On 23 December 1969 it was announced that McDonnell Douglas has been selected as prime airframe* contractor. First flight of F-15A was made on 27 July 1972. A production go-ahead* for the first 30 operational aircraft was announced on 1 March 1973. By 1 February 1981 a total of 597 Eagles had been delivered. Designed specifically as an air superiority fighter, The F-15 Eagle has proved equally suitable for air-to-ground missions without degradation of its primary role. Internal changes include installation of a modified central computer, a modified signal data processor for a pilot’s heads-up display*, and new or modified flight/fire control software. Under a program dubbed “Streak Eagle”, the F-15 demonstrated its climb capability by capturing eight time-to-height records between 16 January and 1 February 1975.

 

· Crew: pilot

· Powerplant: 2 Pratt and Whitney F100 turbofan engines, each rated at approx. 23,390 lb of thrust

· Maximum Level Speed: Mach 2.5+

· Design G Limits*: +9/-3

· Armament: AIM* 9L Sidewinders

                    AIM 7F Sparrows

                    20mm MM61A1 six-barrel gun with 940 rounds*

 

* Notes:

air superiority - завоевание превосходства в воздухе

airframe - корпус (самолета)

go-ahead - сигнал к старту

heads-up display - дисплей с отображением информации на стекло кабины

design G limits - прочность по перегрузкам

AIM =Airborne Interceptor Missile-управляемая ракета класса “воздух –воздух»

round – выстрел

 

Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык.

1. Штурмовик предназначен для нанесения ударов по наземным целям.

2. Бомбардировщик имеет большую бомбовую нагрузку и большую дальность действия.

3. Самолеты-заправщики обеспечивают действия стратегических бомбардировщиков.

4. Дальние воздушные переброски осуществляются транспортными  

самолетами.

5. Вертолеты широко используются для эвакуации на поле боя.

6. Бомбардировщики представляют собой наступательный компонент ВВС.

7. Самолеты-разведчики выполняют задачи тактической и стратегической разведки.

8.  Истребитель был сбит зенитной ракетой.

9. Вооружение штурмовика состоит из пушки и бомб.

 

LESSON 10

Airport Lights And Markings

ACTIVE TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS

Tak е off                                                     

Land                                                            beacon                                                        

Taxiway                                                    runway                                                       

tower  

go beyond                                                     

strobe                      

Touchdown

- взлетать

- приземляться

- радиомаяк

- рулежная дорожка

-взлетно-посадочная полоса

- аэродромный диспетчерский пункт

- превышать

-  импульсный фотоосветитель

-посадка, приземление

INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES

 

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты словосочетаний.

определять местоположение аэропорта ночью, гражданский аэропорт, работать круглосуточно, схема рулежной дорожки, размещаться под защитными покрытиями, подход к зоне аэродрома, изменять интенсивность света по требованию пилота, определять местоположение взлетно-посадочной полосы при низкой видимости, пунктирная линия, сплошная линия, округлять, буквенное/цифровое обозначение.

TEXT

AIRPORT LIGHTS AND MARKINGS

Have you ever wondered why there are so many brightly colored lights and painted symbols at airports? If you guessed that they are "road signs" for pilots, you were correct. They provide pilots with information necessary for taking off and landing.

The most predominant light, the rotating beacon, is usually located near the center of the airport. It allows pilots to locate the airport at night. These lights are green and white at civilian airports. Beacons that are green followed by two quick white flashes are found at airports located on military bases, while beacons for seaplane bases are yellow followed by white. Beacons generally operate from dusk until dawn. If lit during daylight hours, they signal that weather conditions require an instrument clearance for arrivals and departures.

Other airport lights also serve important functions. Providing outlines for taxiways are blue lights. Green lights indicate the start, or approach end, of the runway. The departure end is marked by red lights. Lights along the edges of the runway are white, changing to amber near the departure end of the runway. Recessed lights are located on the runway's centerline at most large airports. For most pilots, it is initially a bit unnerving to land on these. They are, however, safely situated under protective covers.

Sequenced flashing strobe lights line the approach threshold. Air traffic controllers can change the intensity of the lights from the tower at the pilot's request. The highest intensity is used to help incoming pilots locate the runway in times of reduced visibility. The lights are usually set at a low intensity at night so they won't interfere with the night vision of pilots.

Markings on taxiways and runways also have meaning. Taxiway centerlines are yellow while those on runways are white. A hold short line, consisting of two parallel solid lines and two parallel dashed lines, is located at the approach to each runway. This is the equivalent of a stop sign. An aircraft must be cleared by the tower to go beyond this point. Each taxiway intersection has a letter designation which allows pilots to advise the tower of their holding location.

Number designations are painted on each runway. These are determined by the runway's magnetic direction. Assume, for example, that a runway is oriented in a southeasterly direction with a compass heading of 145. This is rounded up to the nearest ten degree number (145 in this case becomes 150) and the final zero is dropped. This runway's number becomes 15. Similarly, if we consider the position that is 180 degrees opposite this, the resultant compass heading is 330. Because this number doesn't need to be rounded upward, we simply drop the final zero and the runway becomes number 33. An aircraft using this runway would be taking off in the opposite direction from that in the first example.

Also painted on the runway are touchdown zone markings. These provide a visual aiming point for approaching aircraft and are followed at fixed 500-feet intervals by pairs of one, two, or three bars on each side of the centerline. In times of reduced visibility, these markings assist the pilot in evaluating the remaining runway.

The next time you taxi, see how many of these "road signs" you can identify!

 

EXERCISES

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What do road signs provide pilots with?

2. Where is the rotating beacon usually located?

3. What do they signal if lit during daylight hours?

4. What do blue lights provide for?

5. What do green lights indicate?

6. What are red lights used for?

7. Why are white lights changing?

9. Where are recessed lights located and how are they protected?

10. Can air traffic controllers change the intensity of the lights?

11. What has a letter designation?

12. How are number designations determined by?