Chapter 1. Phraseology as science

Introduction

is the treasury of the language. There is a reflection of the nations history in phraseological units, originality of culture and life. Phraseology often carries bright national character.

The subject matter of this qualification paper is that phraseology as a science reveals peculiarites of phraseological units in language in connection with other levels of language. It also studies sementical, structural-grammatical, expressive-stylistical property of phraseological units, pecularities of its usage, make its classificiation look though sources and ways of filling up phraseological found of the language.

The object of this qualification paper is devoted to study the role of phraseological unit in the language and use of phrraseologucal units as a newspaper title.

The actuality of the qualification paper is determined by the necessity phraseological units in newspaper title.linguistic phenomenon, which is phraseological unit, will be investigated in modern methods. The analysis will be used to achieve the aim and tasks put forward in this qualification paper.

The aim and hypothesis require solving the following tasks:

to study semantic peculiarities of phraseological units.

to investigade functional styles, in paticularly features of newspaper style.

to analyze peculiarities of the title and the role of the phraseological unit in newspaper style.

Theoretical importance of qualification paper consists in the material ofunits which deals with functional style and newspaper title.

Practical value of the qualification paper is that in the results of the paper can be used in course of lexicology, phraseology and stylistics Besides the material of the paper can be while preparing for seminars by the discipline named above, writing the course papers and qualification papers.

The structure of qualification paper consists of introduction, 3 chapters, conclusion, summary and bibliografy. The chapter I consists of 3 paragraphs:

1. Functional style

2. Classification of functional style

.   Features of new style

Chapter III consists of phragraphs:

1. Pecularities of the title

2. Role of the title in revealing conceptual information of the text.

.   Phraselogical unit as a newspaper tutle.

The sources of the qualification paper. While investigatingthe qualification paper we have widely used different works of well known scientists such as Азнаурова Э.С., Амосова Н.Н., Арнолъд И.В., Ашурова Д.У., Галперин И.В., Жуков В.П., Бранде М.П. and etc.the conclusion, we present the results of the qualification paper.includes theoritical and practical results of the qualification paper.

 

 

Chapter 1. Phraseology as science

Collocations

Ex.: to commit a murder& butternightskydayare the habitual associations of a word in a language with other particular words. Speakers become accustomed to such collocations.often they are related to the referential & situational meaning of words.Sometimes there are collocations, which are removed from the reference to extra-linguistic reality. (collocations involving, colour words)

Ex.: to be green with jealousyrevolution

3) Idioms are also collocations, because they consist of several words that tend to be used together, but the difference - we can’t guess the meaning of the whole idiom from the meanings of its parts.criterion is called the degree of semantic isolation.In different types of idioms - it is different.

Ex.: to cry a blue murder = to complain loudly

 

Chapter 2. Functional styles

Features of Newspaper Style

style was the last of all styles of written literary English to be recognized as a specific from of writing standing apart from other forms. English Newspaper writing dates from the 17^th century. At the close of the 16^th century, short news pamphlets began to appear. Any such publication either presented news from only one source or dealt with one specific subject. Note the titles of some of the earliest news pamphlets: “ Newer news, containing a short rehearsal of Stukely’s and Morice’s Rebellion” (1579), “ News from Spain and Holland” (1593), “Wonderful and strange news out of Suffolk and Essex, where it rained wheat the space of six or seven miles” (1583). New pamphlets appeared only from time to time and cannot be classed as newspaper, through they were unquestionably the immediate forerunners of the British press.first of any regular series of English newspaper was the Weekly News, which first appeared on May 23, 1622. It lasted for some twenty years until in 1641 it ceased publications. The 17 century saw the rise of a number of other newssheets, which, with varying successes, struggled on in the teeth of discouragement and restriction imposed by the Crown. With the introduction of a strict licensing system many such sheets were suppressed, and Government, in its turn, set before the public a paper of its own- The London Gazette, first published on February5, 1666. The paper was a semi-weekly and carried official information, royal decrees, news from abroad, and advertisements.first English daily newspaper - the Daily Courant - was brought on March 11, 1702. The paper carried news, largely foreign, and no comment, the latter being against the principles of the publisher, as was stated in the first issue of his paper., the early English newspaper was principally a vehicle of information.as a regular feature found its way into the newspaper later. But as far back as the middle of 18 century the British newspaper was very much like what it is today, carrying on its pages news, both foreign and domestic, advertisements, announcements and articles containing comments.rise of the American newspaper, which was brought onto American soil by British settlers, dates back to the late 17^th, early 18^th centuries.took the English newspaper more than century to establish a style and a standard of its own. Moreover, it is only by the 19 century that newspaper English may be said to have developed into a system of a language means which forms a separate functional style.specific conditions of newspaper publication, the restrictions of time and space, have left an indelible mark on newspaper English. For more than a century, writers and linguistics have been vigorously attacking “the slipshod construction and the vulgar vocabulary” of newspaper English. The very newspaper English carried a shade of disparagement. Yet, for all the defects of newspaper English, serious through they may be, this form of literary language cannot be reduced- as some purists have claimed - merely to careless slovenly writing or to distorted literary English. This is one of the forms of the English literary language characterized - as any other style - by a definite communicative aim and its own definite system of language means., English newspaper style may be defined as a system of interrelated lexical, phraseological and grammatical means, which is perceived by the community speaking the language as a separate unity that serves the purpose of informing and instructing the reader.all the printed matter found in newspaper comes under newspaper style. The modem newspaper carries material of an extremely divers character. On the pages of the newspaper one finds not only news and comment on it, but also stories and poems, crossword puzzles, cheese problems, and the like. Since this serve the purpose of entertaining the reader, they cannot be considered specimens of newspaper styles. Nor can articles on special fields, such as science and technology, art, literature, etc. be classed as belonging to newspaper style.the primary function of newspaper style is impart information, only printed matter serving this purpose comes under newspaper style proper. Such can be classed as:news items and communiqués;reports (parliamentary, of court proceeding, etc.);purely information in character;and announcements.most concise form of newspaper information is the headline.newspaper also seeks to influence public opinion on political and other matters. Elements of appraisal may be observed in the very selection and way of presentations of news, in the use of specific vocabulary, such as allege and claim, casting some doubt on the fact reported, as to the constructions indicating a lack of assurance on the part of the reported as to the correctneesof the fact reported or his desire to avoid responsibility (for example ‘Mr. X was quoted as saying…’).headlines of news items, apart from giving information about the subject - matter, also carry a considerable amount of appraisal (the size and arrangement of the headline, the use of emotionally coloured words and elements of emotive syntax), thus indicating the interpretation and appraisal is the newspaper articles and the additional in particular. Editorial, leading articles or leaders are characterized by subjective handling of facts, political or otherwise and therefore have more in common with political essays or articles and should rather be classed as belonging to publisticist style than newspaper style. Through it seems natural to consider newspaper articles, editorial included, as coming within the system of English newspaper styles, it is necessary to note that such articles a an intermediates phenomenon characterized by a combination of styles - the newspaper style and publicity style. In other words, they may be considered hybrids.understand the language peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be suffient to analyze the following basic newspaper features:news items;and announcements;headline, and;

(With the reservations stated above) the editorial.style includes informative materials: news in brief, headlines, ads, additional articles. But not everything published in the paper can be included in N.S. we mean publicist essays, feature articles, scientist. Reviews are not N.S. to attract the reader’s attention special means are used by British & am. Papers ex: specific headlines, space ordering. We find here a large proportion of dates, personal names of countries, institutions, individuals. To achieve an effect of objectivity in rendering some fact or event most of info is published anonymously, without the name of newsman who supplied it, with little or no subjective modality. But the position of the paper becomes clear from the choice not only of subj. matter but also of words denoting international or domestic issues. Substyles. To understand the language peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be sufficient to analyze the following basic newspaper features: 1) brief news items; 2) advertisements and announcements; 3) headlines; Brief items: its function is to inform the reader. It states only facts without giving comments. The vocabulary used is neutral and common literary. Specific features are: a) special political and economic terms; b) non-term political vocabulary; c) newspaper clichés; d) abbreviations; e) neologisms.style. (Oratory, speeches, essays, articles) the style is a perfect ex. historical changeability of stylistic differentiation of discourses. In Greece it was practiced in oral form which was named P. in accordance with the name of its corresponding genre. PS is famous for its explicit pragmatic function of persuasion directed at influencing the reader & shaping his views in accordance with the argumentation of the author. We find in PS a blend of the rigorous logical reasoning, reflecting the objective state of things & a strong subjectivity reflecting the authors personal feelings and emotions towards the discussed subject. Substyles: The oratory essays, journalistic articles, radio and TV commentary. Oratory.It makes use of a great humbler of expressive means to arouse and keep the public's interest: repetition, gradation, antithesis, rhetorical questions, emotive words, elements of colloquial speech. Radio and TV commentaryis less impersonal and more expressive and emotional.The essayis very subjective and the most colloquial of the all substyles of the publicist style. It makes use of expressive means and tropes. The journalistic articlesare impersonal.

The communicative tasks and conditions of communication in one or another sphere is proved to be push to the realization of speech organization, in which these units become to be interconnected on new functional meaning.styles are determined systems in literary language, first of all, because of the message they transfer. Each style has more or less exact purpose, which defines its functioning and its language peculiarities. Each style has as the general typical for given style to peculiarities. The correlations general and private features in styles are revealed at different periods of the development of these styles differently.bases to classification of the functional styles extra linguistics factors are elected by the majority of linguistics. Majority on the linguists define five main functional styles: the style of the artistic prose, scientific style, newspaper- style, publicity style, and style official documents, or officially business style., any utterance is realized in accordance with norms of one or another functional style, and finds its attribute.all “additional” signs are not found in contraction with the main, and form the unity.all the printed matter found in newspaper comes under newspaper style. The modem newspaper carries material of an extremely Devers character. On the pages of the newspaper one finds not only news and comment on it, but also stories and poems, crossword puzzles, cheese problems, and the like. Since this serve the purpose of entertaining the reader, they cannot be considered specimens of newspaper styles. Nor can articles on special fields, such as science and technology, art, literature, etc. be classed as belonging to newspaper style.

 

 

Summary

is a branch of linguistics, studying the word groups. The word ²phreaseological units² has very different meaning. In linguistics literature the term has come to be for whole ensemble of expressions where the meaning of one element is dependent of the other, irrespective of the structure and the properties of the unit.qualification paper is devoted to study the role of phraseological unit in the language and use of phrraseologucal units as a newspaper title.of the qualification paper is determined by the necessity phraseological units in newspaper title.linguistic phenomenon, which is phraseological unit, will be investigated in modern methods. The analysis will be used to achieve the aim and tasks put forward in this qualification paper. The aim and hypothesis require solving the following tasks:

to study semantic peculiarities of phraseological units.

to investigate functional styles, in particularly features of newspaper style.

to analyze peculiarities of the title and the role of the phraseological unit in Newspaper style.importance of qualification paper consists in the material of phraseological units which deals with functional style and newspaper title. Practical value of the qualification paper is that in the results of the paper can be used in course of lexicology, phraseology and stylistics besides the material of the paper can be while preparing for seminars by the discipline named above, writing the course papers and qualification papers.structure of qualification paper consists of introduction, 3 chapters, conclusion, summary and bibliography.chapter I consist of 3 paragraphs:

. Phraseology as a science.

. Semantic structure of the phraseological units.

. Classification of the phraseological units.chapter 2 consists of 3 paragraphs:

. Functional style.

. Classification of functional style.

. Features of new style.3 consists of paragraphs:

. Peculiarities of the title.

. Role of the title in revealing conceptual information of the text.

. Phraselogical unit as a newspaper title.the conclusion, we present the results of the qualification paper. Summary includes theoretical and practical results of the qualification paper. In the bibliography we give the list of used books and other literature.

The list of used literature

 

1. Азнаурова Э.С. Прагматика текстов различных функциональных стилей. Москва, 1987.

. Алехина А.И. Исследование системной организации фразеологии современного англ. языка. Афтореферат дисс…д-ра фил. наук. - Л.: ЛГУ, 1986.

. Амосова Н.Н. Основы англ. фразеологии. - Л.: ЛГУ, 1963.

. Арнолъд И.В. Стилистика современного языка - Л., 1981.

. Арутюнова Н.Д. Истоки пролемы и категории прагматики. - Вып. ХVI. - М.: Прогресс, 1985

. Ашурова Д.У. Стилистические и прагматические аспекты словообразования англ. яз. - Ташкент: УзГУМЯ им Тореза, 1983.

. Беркова Л.А. Прагматический аспект использования фразеологизмов в рекламных текстах. - М.: МГПИИЯ им Тореза, 1983.

. Болдырева Л.М. Стилистические особенности функционирования фразеологизмов. - М., 1967.

. Бранде М.П. Стиль и перевод. - М., 1988.

. Бушуй А.М. Замена компонентов фразеологизмов как стилистический прием. - М., 1977.

. Гаврин С.Г. Фразеология современного русского языка. - Пермь, 1974.

. Гальперин И.В. Очерки по стилистике английского языка. - М., 1958.

. Жуков В.П. Семантика фразеологический оборотов. - М.: Просвещение, 1978.

. Кожина М.Н. Стилистика русского языка. - М., 1983.

. Кунин А. В фразеологизм современного английского языка.- М., 1986.

. Лазерина Э.А. Заголовок в газете. Свердловск: Изд-во Уральского Университета, 1989.

. Мужев В.С. О функциях заголовков. - М.: МГПИИЯ им Тореза, 1970.

. Разинкина Н.М. Функциональная стилистика. Пермь, 1989.

. Старницкий А.Н. “Лексикология английского языка”, Москва, 1956.

22. Net Library Online Reader Version].

23. Англо-русский фразеологический словарь, Кунин. 4 изд., М, Русский язык 1984

. Ахманова О.С. Словарь лингвистических терминов, М, 1966.

. Гальперин И.Р. и др. Большой англо - русский словарь в 2-х томах, М, 1972

. Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь, М., Советская энциклопедия, 1990.

. Словарь иностранных слов, М, Русский язык 1989.

Размещено на Allbe

Introduction

is the treasury of the language. There is a reflection of the nations history in phraseological units, originality of culture and life. Phraseology often carries bright national character.

The subject matter of this qualification paper is that phraseology as a science reveals peculiarites of phraseological units in language in connection with other levels of language. It also studies sementical, structural-grammatical, expressive-stylistical property of phraseological units, pecularities of its usage, make its classificiation look though sources and ways of filling up phraseological found of the language.

The object of this qualification paper is devoted to study the role of phraseological unit in the language and use of phrraseologucal units as a newspaper title.

The actuality of the qualification paper is determined by the necessity phraseological units in newspaper title.linguistic phenomenon, which is phraseological unit, will be investigated in modern methods. The analysis will be used to achieve the aim and tasks put forward in this qualification paper.

The aim and hypothesis require solving the following tasks:

to study semantic peculiarities of phraseological units.

to investigade functional styles, in paticularly features of newspaper style.

to analyze peculiarities of the title and the role of the phraseological unit in newspaper style.

Theoretical importance of qualification paper consists in the material ofunits which deals with functional style and newspaper title.

Practical value of the qualification paper is that in the results of the paper can be used in course of lexicology, phraseology and stylistics Besides the material of the paper can be while preparing for seminars by the discipline named above, writing the course papers and qualification papers.

The structure of qualification paper consists of introduction, 3 chapters, conclusion, summary and bibliografy. The chapter I consists of 3 paragraphs:

1. Functional style

2. Classification of functional style

.   Features of new style

Chapter III consists of phragraphs:

1. Pecularities of the title

2. Role of the title in revealing conceptual information of the text.

.   Phraselogical unit as a newspaper tutle.

The sources of the qualification paper. While investigatingthe qualification paper we have widely used different works of well known scientists such as Азнаурова Э.С., Амосова Н.Н., Арнолъд И.В., Ашурова Д.У., Галперин И.В., Жуков В.П., Бранде М.П. and etc.the conclusion, we present the results of the qualification paper.includes theoritical and practical results of the qualification paper.

 

 

Chapter 1. Phraseology as science