XIII. Choose one of the quotations as a topic for your essay.

1. A good name keeps its luster in the dark.

2. A good name is better than riches.

3. A good name is sooner lost than won.

4. Do you love life? Then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made of.

5. A long life may not be good enough but a good life is long enough. I would rather have it said, “He lived useful” than “He died rich”… (Benjamin Franklin)

 

Texts for Supplementary Reading

My Future Profession

What I would like to become? This question passels me greatly. Every job has its elements of difficulties and interests. I think that nearly all professions are very important in life. But to choose the right occupation is very difficult because we must take into consideration many factors. We must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. At the same time we must satisfy the requirements of our society and people’s needs in one profession or another.

The end of school or college is the beginning of an independent life, the beginning of more serious examination. In order to pass that very serious exam we must choose the road in life, which will help us to live and work. Each young boy and girl has every opportunity to develop mind and use knowledge and education received at school or college. Some may prefer to work at a plant; others want to work for a company. A lot of jobs are also offered for people in the sphere of the services, transport, computer, communication, and many others.

I have made up my mind. I want to become an engineer. I’m the first year student. In three years I am going to enter Sumy state University. A good engineer must have strong engineering background, he must be industrious, well-organized, educated in exact sciences and modern technologies. So I work hard now and do my best to become a good specialist of my profession. I like my future profession. It’s very interesting and useful for our country.

Computer Programmer

In my early childhood like most boys I dreamt of becoming a cosmonaut, or at least a jet pilot. When a schoolboy, I was fond of Math, and I didn't imagine my future without it. After computers had come into our life I realized: that's it! It is an occupation that I would like to have in future!

Besides I believe that before you know it everything would be computerized, we'll have computers in every house, in every office. That's why it would be great to be competent in this field.

So, I became seriously interested in every thing connected with computers, and now I use it in my everyday life. It's on PC I usually write my school reports, learn English using special programmers, send e - mails to my friends in other cities and I can even invent new programmers by myself.

Thus I decided to enter the University and study computer programming. For that I should pass three exams: Math - my favorite subject, English - the international language of computers - and Ukrainian dictation that also won't be a problem as I'd been attending additional classes of Ukrainian. And I'll have an interesting job that- what is more - I'm fancy about.

A Businessman / A Businesswoman

As for my plans for the future, I'm going to the university to study business and marketing. In fact, my dream is to have an enterprise or a firm of my own. To my mind to be a good leader of the company means to be competent in current economic processes. A businessman should understand the reasons of economic problems and be able to discover the ways of their working out. It's not an easy task in the country with such an unstable economy as the economy in Ukraine. However it's especially important for our country to develop business and raise the economy of Ukraine on a higher level. I want to be a company leader who is not afraid of innovations, who is ready to consider the business experience of other companies-Ukrainian and foreign, a leader who is interested in the prosperity of my own company as well as in the prosperity of my country.

So, after graduating from the university I'll have an interesting job that I like.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES.

Passive Voice

1. Past Simple Active або Past Simple Passive.

Я розповів.— Мені розповіли.

Я показав.— Мені показали.

Вона привела.— Її привели.

Ми запитали.— Нас запитали.

Ми відповіли.— Нам відповіли.

Ми послали.— Нас послали.

Вони дали.—Її дали.

Він допоміг.— Йому допомогли.

Він порадив.— Йому порадили.

Він забув.— Його забули.

Він згадав. — Його згадали.

Ми запросили.— Нас запросили.

Ми виправили.— Нас виправили.

Він вилікував.— Його вилікували.

Він покликав.— Його покликали.

Translate in English using Present, Past або Future Simple Passive.

Мені розказали.— Мені розказують. — Мені розкажуть.

Мені показали.— Мені показують.— Мені покажуть,

Її привели.— Її приводять.— Її приведуть.

Нас спитали. — Нас питають. — Нас спитають.

Нам відповіли.— Нам відповідають.— Нам дадуть відповідь.

Нас послали.— Нас посилають.— Нас пошлють.

Їм дали.— Їм дають.— Їм дадуть.

Йому допомогли.— Йому допомагають.— Йому допоможуть.

Йому порадили.— Йому радять.— Йому порадять.

Use Present Simple Passive.

(USUALLY) 1. The postbox (to empty) every day.

2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office

3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns

4. The mail (to load) into the train.

5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.

 

Use Past Simple Passive.

(YESTERDAY) 1. The postbox (to empty) yesterday.

2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.

3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.

4. The mail (to load) into the train.

5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.

 

Use Future Simple Passive.

(TOMORROW) 1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow.

2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.

3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.

4. The mail (to load) into the train.

5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.

 

Open the brackets using Present, Past або Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5. His new book (to finish) next year. 6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 8. Bread (to eat) every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 12. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 14. This work (to do) tomorrow. 15. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 16. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 17. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 18. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 19. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 20. Lost time never (to find) again. 21. Rome (not to build) in a day.

 

Open the brackets.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Unit XII.

INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS

Exercises.

I.Listen and read.

cot got

cave gave

could good

pick pig

clue glue

curl girl

class glass

technology determination

succeed inspiration

conclude exaggeration

curiosity recognition

research

invention

 

II. Take turns in reading

[k] [g] [ae] [i] [J]

1) Curiosity killed the cat.

2) As cool as a cucumber.

3) Catch as catch can.

4) All that glitters is not gold.

5) Computer is a great discovery.

6) Modern technology is quite catchy.

7) Inspiration, determination are clues of recognition.

III. Read about some inventions of the past century. Make a list of 5 most important icons of the 20^th century. Give reasons.

The 20^th century has given us plenty of things that improve our lives: TV, calculators, mobile phones, CDs... It has also given us some household objects that make our lives easier and more comfortable. Here are some of the modern inventions we use daily.

TV. A Russian engineer Vladimir Zvorykin emigrated to the USA and there in 1931 produced an apparatus that later became known as a television set. The first TV station was located on the Empire State Building in New York City. The programmes could be watched only by those who lived not farther than 60 miles from the station.

Video. In 1975 the Japanese corporation JVC made it possible to record films and TV programmes at home. The system was known as VHS (Video Home System).

Computer. The first computers were huge. They were used for scientific purposes. Sinklair ZX 80, the 1980 machine, was the first computer used by ordinary people. Psion Organiser of 1990s shifted computers off the desktop.

Internet. The global network was designed for serious scientific purposes. In 1962 the US scientists started to build a network between the leading scientific centres of the USA. In 1969 this network joined four universities. In 1972 the first e-mail with the symbol @ was sent.

Mobile phone now used by millions of people appeared in 1973. The American Martin Cooper invented the first mobile phone — Motorola Dyna-Tec. It weighed a kilo. But it took five years to draw in a commercial operator from Bahrein. Now mobile phones have made a massive impact on social and work­ing activities and changed the way we communicate.

Compact Disk from the 1980s brought an end to vinyl records and revolutionised the storage of computer data.

Digital Watch appeared in 1970 on Roger Moore's wrist in the Bond film "Live and Let Die". It brought computer technology into everyday life.

Contact lenses. The first contact lenses were made from plastic in 1936 in New York. But only thanks to new materials and developed technologies there appeared soft lenses that let oxygen to the eyes.

Trainers. The first trainers were designed by Adolf and Rudolf Dessler right af­ter WWII. Canvas and rubber soles were used to make them. Later the brothers went each his own way. In 1949 Adolf patented his trainers under the name "Adidas". This is the world famous firm now. The first three letters stand for Adi — a short form of Adolf and the last three letters represent the beginning of the surname. The second brother established his own company "Puma".

Plastic bag represents the beginning of the "plastic age" and arrival of the dispos­able society. It replaced shopping baskets and cloth bags from 1952.

IV.Comment on popular inventions using the following expressions:

1. The Internet - a great force, to be of vital importance...

2. Automatic washing machines — to save time, to squeeze the water out...

3. A refrigerator — meat and dairy products, to keep things cold…

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