Передайте следующие ниже предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Let's play badminton," said Nina. "All right," said Mike. "I like to play badminton very much."

2. "Let's run a race," said Bill. "No," said Jack. "I hurt my foot three days ago and now I cannot run."

3. "Will you show me your new flat?" said Tom. "Of course," said Becky. "Come to our place to­morrow." 4. "I shall go to see my friend tomor­row," said Kate. "Will you come with me?" "Yes, I shall," said Pete. "I want to see your friend." 5. "Does your friend always come to school so ear­ly?" said Victor. "No," said Mary. "She came so early this morning because she is on duty today." 6. "There is a new film on at our cinema," said Lena. "Let's go and see it." "No, I can't," said Mike. "I shall be busy." 7. "What shall we do with Nick?" said Ann. "He has got a bad mark again." "Let's help him with his Russian," said Pete. "I am sure we can do it."

 

 

Задание № 1

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Enzymes

No living organisms are stable. They are in a continual state of chemical change. All the time that we are alive we are continually dying and being reborn. About three million of our blood cell die while we read a sentence, and at the same time three million more cells are made.

The word metabolism is used to signify the chemical changes which take place in living organisms. By using of suitable measuring instruments it is possible to follow the blood cells in the body and to find out how long they live. This work has revealed that the average life of each blood cell is about a fortnight. Even bones are much less stable than we might expect. It is clear that since the living body is in a state of constant change, the chemical changes must be precisely controlled.

We now know that each of the many thousands of chemical reactions which take place in a living body is controlled by a particular enzyme. Enzymes are organic catalysts which take part in the chemical processes occurring in living bodies. The change of one form of sugar into another, a reaction which is common in living organisms, is a simple instance of the action of an enzyme. This means that in the presence of water a molecule of sucrose may split into two smaller molecules, one of glucose and the other of fructose. These are sugars which each have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differently in each sugar.

A great number of enzymes bring about hydrolysis - that is a chemical reaction in the presence of water. The process of digestion is brought about by hydrolyzing enzymes. Another group of enzymes brings about oxidation’s. i.e. reaction during which pairs of hydrogen atoms are removed from molecules and are combined with oxygen atoms to make water. It seems probable that a single cell may contain a thousand or more different enzymes which bring about a similar number of chemical reactions.

Задание № 2

Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. I... …..a pupil. 2. My father........ not a teacher, he …….. a scientist. 3. ….... your aunt a doctor? - Yes,

she........ 4. ….... they at home? - - No, they ….... not at borne, they ….... at work. 5. My brother ….... a worker. He ….... at work. 6. ….... you an engineer? - - Yes, I….... 7. …... your sister a typist? No, she....... not a typist, she ….... a student. 8. ….... your brother at school? - - Yes, he …... 9....... your sister at school? - No, she....... not at school. 10. My ….... sister …... at home. 11. ….... this your watch? • Yes, it …….. 12. She….... an actress. 13. This ….... my bag. 14. My uncle ….... an office-worker. 15. He ….... at work. 16. Helen ….... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ……... on the walls. She has much paper. It ….... on the shelf. The shelf ……... brown. It ……. on the wall. Helen has a brother. He....... a student. He has a family. His family....... not in St. Petersburg, it ….... in Moscow.

Задание № 3

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(NOW) 1. The boys (to run) _______about in the garden. 2 I (to do)______ my homework. 3. John and his

friends (to go)___________ to the library. 4. Ann (to sit)______ at her desk. She (to study)_________ geography. 5. A young

man (to stand)______ at the window. He (to smoke)_________ a cigarette. 6. The old man (to walk)__________ about the room.

7. The dog (to lie)______ on the floor. 8. You (to have)_______ a break? 9. What language you (to study)____________? 10. Who

(to lie) ___________on the sofa? 11. What they (to talk)_________ about? 12. It still (to rain)__________.

06

Задание № 1

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Scientific and technological progress

 

It’s difficult to overestimate the role of science and technology in our life. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people.

Let's compare our life nowadays with the life of people at the beginning of the 20th century. It has changed beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadn't the slightest idea of the trivial things created by the scientific progress that we use in our every day life. I mean refrigerators, TV sets, computers, microwave ovens, radio telephones... They would seem miracles to them that made our life easy, comfortable and pleasant.

On the other hand, the great inventions of the beginning of the 20th century, I mean radio, airplanes, combustion and jet engines have become usual things and we can't imagine our life without them.

A century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it's rather rapid. Millions of investigations the endless number of outstanding discoveries have been made. Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. And now we live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects not only the countries and space stations but a lot of people all over the world.

All these things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life. But every medal has its reverse. And the rapid scientific progress has aroused a number of problems that are a matter of our great concern. These are ecological problems, the safety of nuclear power stations, the nuclear war threat, and the responsibility of a scientist. But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.

Задание № 2

Раскройте скобки, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму прилагательного.

1. Which is (large)______: the United States or Cana­da? 2. What is the name of the (big)______ port in the United States? 3. Moscow is the (large)______ city in Russia. 4. The London underground is the (old)______ in the world. 5. There is a (great) _______number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia. 6. St. Petersburg is one of the (beau­tiful)_______ cities in the world. 7. The rivers in America are much (big) ________than those in England. 8. The is­land of Great Britain is (small)___________ than Greenland. 9. What is the name of the (high)_____ mountain in Asia? 10. The English Channel is (wide) ___________than the straits of Gibraltar. 11. Russia is a very (large)________

country.

Задание № 3

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(NOW) 1. The boys (to run) _______about in the garden. 2 I (to do)______ my homework. 3. John and his

friends (to go)___________ to the library. 4. Ann (to sit)______ at her desk. She (to study)_________ geography. 5. A young

man (to stand)______ at the window. He (to smoke)_________ a cigarette. 6. The old man (to walk)__________ about the room.

7. The dog (to lie)______ on the floor. 8. You (to have)_______ a break? 9. What language you (to study)____________? 10. Who

(to lie) ___________on the sofa? 11. What they (to talk)_________ about? 12. It still (to rain)__________.

07

Задание № 1

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Seasons

 

There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. March, April and May are spring months. Spring is the most pleasant of all the seasons of the year. The weather is getting warmer and warmer, everything changes and seems to revive. The trees begin to bud. Sometimes it rains, but there are no rough winds; the sun shines brightly. The grass is green and one can see a lot of flowers peeping out from it. In spring all the migratory birds return. They sing sweetly on the branches of the trees.

The summer months are June, July and August. Summer is the hottest season of the year. The days are longest in summer. The longest day of the year is the 22nd of June. Some people like summer best of all. All of us enjoy summer with its cloudless sunshine, with its gardens and meadows full of flowers. There is a lot of fruit and vegetables at that time. In summer many people leave town and spend the hottest time in the country or at the seaside.

After summer autumn comes. The autumn months are September, October and November. The warm days of early autumn arc called the “Indian Summer” or the “Golden Autumn”. The “Golden Autumn” is really beautiful with its yellow, red and brown trees and golden leaves falling down. Autumn is the season of fruit and vegetables. But the days become shorter and the nights longer and darker. The weather is not so good as in spring and in summer. It often rains and the air gets colder and colder.

Winter is the coldest season of the year. The winter months are December, January and February. The winter days are short and gloomy. It often snows and it freezes. Winter is a very beautiful season too. Some people like it very much. It is pleasant to walk when it is not very cold and it snows. The ground is covered with snow. The trees and the roofs are white with snow too.

Задание № 2

Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на причастия.

Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the perform­ance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the win­dow, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7. Hearing the sounds of music we stopped talking 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.

 

Задание № 3