Complete the open dialogues. 


Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!



ЗНАЕТЕ ЛИ ВЫ?

Complete the open dialogues.



1). A.: What are the most popular sports in your country?

B.: …

A.: And what kind of sports do you go in for?

B.: …

A.: Oh, are you? But what is your favourite kind of sports?

B.: …

A.: Shall we go to the football match next week?

B.: Sure. There will be a very interesting and important game. We’ll have to go there by all means. And what are the most popular kinds of sports in the United Kingdom?

A.: …

B.: Is fishing a sport?

A.: …

B.: I see.

 

2). A.: What would you say are the most popular games in England today?

B.: …

A.: What are other famous outdoor games?

B.: …

A.: What about horse-racing?

B.: …

A.: I’ve been told that there are no winter sports in England.

B.: Well, you see, the English winter isn’t very severe as a rule, and we don’t often have the chance of skiing, skating or tobogganing, but winter is the great time for hunting, provided the ground is not too hard.

A.: Is there any golf to be had near London?

B.: …

A.: I think I shall if I get a chance. What about indoor games?

B.: ………………………………………………… By the way, do you play billiards?

A.: Well, I do, but, of course, I’m not a professional or a champion, just an ordinary amateur and not a very good one at that.

 

Compose your own dialogues.

1. Make a dialogue between two football fans watching a grand match.

2. Imagine that you are interviewing the No 1 sportsman (player) in your favourite kind of sport. What questions would you ask?

3. Make a short conversation between a referee and a football player while punishing the last one.

 

17. Write an article into the local newspaper or a magazine. Chose one of the following topics:

1. Euro 2012 in Ukraine.

1. Suppose that you are a coach of the Ukrainian national football team. What players, according to your list, should be included and why?

2. You are a football fan. You’ve recently watched a football match at the stadium and supported your favourite Dynamo Kyiv team. Write a letter to your friend and share your impressions.

3. Write a short description of your favourite sport giving the following information:

· the reason for your giving preference to it

· the date when you started practicing/watching it

· how good you at it

· how often you play (exercise, watch) it

· whether you do it on a regular basis, or just watch it live on TV.

MASS MEDIA

Mass media refer collectively to all media technologies which are intended to reach a large audience via mass communication. Broadcast media transmit their information electronically and comprise television, film and radio, movies, CDs, DVDs and some other gadgets like cameras or video consoles. Alternatively, print media use a physical object as a means of sending their information, such as newspapers, magazines, brochures, newsletters, books, leaflets and pamphlets. Photography can also be included under this subheading as it is a medium which communicates through visual representations. The term also refers to the organizations which control these technologies, such as television stations or publishing companies. Mobile phones, computers and the Internet are sometimes referred to as New-age Media. Different Internet media are able to achieve mass media status in their own right, due to the many mass media services they provide, such as e - mail, websites, blogging, the Internet and TV. So, information can easily be broadcast to many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media can be classified as a form of mass media which comprises billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting. Public speaking and event organizing can also be considered as a form of mass media.

What exactly is classified as mass media? Until recent time, mass media were clearly defined and consisted of eight mass media industries: books, newspapers, magazines, recordings, radio, movies, television and the Internet. With the explosion of digital communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the question of what forms of media should be classified as "Mass Media" has become more prominent. For example, it is controversial whether to include cell phones, video games and computer games in the definition. Currently, mass media are classified into the "seven mass media": print, recordings, cinema, radio, television, the Internet, mobile phones.

The history of mass media can be traced back to the days when dramas were performed in various ancient cultures. This was the first time when a form of media was "broadcast" to a wider audience. The first dated printed book is known as the "Diamond Sutra", printed in China in 868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. The term "mass media" was coined with the creation of print media, which is notable for being the first example of mass media, as we use the term today. This form of media started in Europe in the middle ages. Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press allowed the mass production of books to sweep the nation. He printed the first book on a printing press with movable type in 1453. The Gutenberg Bible, one of the books he published, was translated into many different languages and printed throughout the continent. The invention of the printing press in the late 15th century gave rise to some of the first forms of mass communication, by enabling the publication of books and newspapers on a scale much larger than was previously possible. The phrase "the media" began to be used in the 1920s.

A book is a collection of sheets of paper, parchment or other material with a piece of text written on them, bound together along one edge within covers. A book is also a literary work or a main division of such a work. A book produced in electronic format is known as an e-book.

A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising and/or purchased by readers. Magazines are typically published weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or quarterly, with a date on the cover that is in advance of the date it is actually published. They are often printed in color on coated paper, and are bound with a soft cover. Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of periodicals, distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription - only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising. Magazines also can be classified as: general interest magazines (e.g. Frontline, India Today, The Week, The Sunday Times etc.); special interest magazines (women's, sports, business, scuba diving, etc.).

A newspaper is a publication containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. It may be of general or special interest; more often published daily or weekly. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television.

Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting over frequency bands. Television is one of the most popular mass media in the contemporary world. A broadcasting organization may broadcast several programs at the same time, through several channels (frequencies), for example BBC One and Two. On the other hand, two or more organizations may share a channel and use it during a fixed part of the day. Viewers are able to watch live transmissions of topical events, sports and interviews with prominent people. A good serial can keep the whole family in front of the telly for days. There is a lot of education both on radio and television. You can get a lot of useful information on educational channels. As for me, I prefer such programmes as “X-factor”, “Family dramas”, “Master Chef”.

The Internet (also known simply as "the Net" or less precisely as "the Web") is a more interactive form of mass media, and can be briefly described as "a network of networks". It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and governmental networks, which together carry various information and services, such as e-mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. The Internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the Internet. Instead of picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people can log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. For example, many workers listen to the radio through the Internet while sitting at their desk. Even the education system relies on the Internet. Teachers can contact the entire class by sending e-mail. They may have web pages where students can get another copy of the class outline or assignments.

Blogging, too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketchblog, videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog), audio (podcasting) are part of a wider network of social media.

A podcast is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster.

Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises of billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting. Many commercial advertisers use this form of mass media when advertising in sports stadiums.

Today you cannot imagine any kind of mass media without advertising. Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of products, services, or ideas by an identifiable individual or organization. It flourishes mainly in free-market, profit-oriented countries. It is one of the most important factors in accelerating the distribution of products and helping to raise the standard of living. Advertising cannot turn a poor product or service into a good one. But what it can do — and does — is to create awareness about both old and new products and services. So three main objectives of advertising are: (1) to produce knowledge about the product or service; (2) to create preference for it; and (3) to stimulate thought and action about it.

Advertising is very popular nowadays. It promotes business, but often annoys the general public. To my mind there is too much commercials on TV, on the Internet, in newspapers and magazines. The same advertisement is repeated dozens of times every day, which bores the viewers and readers. Though I know people need advertising. It has become the integral part of mass media.

Vocabulary notes



Поделиться:


Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2017-02-10; просмотров: 99; Нарушение авторского права страницы; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

infopedia.su Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Обратная связь - 44.204.94.166 (0.015 с.)