Тема 13 From the History of the English-Speaking Countries.

Часов Sequence of Tenses. Reported Speech. Conditionals

Task 1. Use the verbs in the Principle Clause in the Past Tense and make all the necessary changes:

 

a) 1. She says that she works five days a week. __________________________________________

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2. I know they love classical music. _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

3. We believe that it is true. _______________________________________________________

4. We know that we are going to begin our work tomorrow. ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

5. I think it is beginning to rain. ____________________________________________________

6. I think they have returned from the trip. ____________________________________________

7. They say they have made a lot of pictures of New York. _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

b)

1. He says he wrote the letter last week. _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Mother says my brother returned an hour ago. _______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

3. They say there were a lot of questions arter the lecture. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

4. I know he had an accident a couple of days ago. _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

5. I suppose I saw them at the theatre. _______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

6. I am sure you had a wonderful holiday. ____________________________________________

 

c)

1. I suppose my sister will meet me at the airport. ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

2. Mother says we shall have lunch in a few minutes. __________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

3. We hope we’ll be able to swim in the sea. _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

4. I am afraid our plan won’t work. ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

5. She says her brother will graduate in a year. ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

6. They don’t know when they will return. ____________________________________________

d)

1. The teacher says the students will be writing the test for an hour and a half. ________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

2. I don’t know what I’ll be doing tonight. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

3. I think I’ll be looking through these papers after dinner tonight. _________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

4. I am afraid they’ll be quarreling again. _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

5. We know they’ll be waiting for us at the bus stop. ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

6. I know you’ll be watching TV the whole evening. ___________________________________

e)

1. She says she will have finish the translation by the evening. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Jane hopes her friend will have received her letter by that time. _________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

3. I’m sure the examination will have finished by 2 o’clock. ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

4. I promise we’ll have cleaned the house by mother’s return. _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

5. The teacher says by the end of the year we’ll have learned a lot. ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

Task 2. Translate the following sentences:

 

1. She told me I might come any day. _______________________________________________

2. The students told the teacher that they had learned that rule long before they joined the group. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. He said he had never thought of such a possibility. ____________________________________________________________________________

4. He answered that he could not afford buying such an expensive ticket at the time. ____________________________________________________________________________

 

Task 3. Open the brackets and use the sentences in them as main clauses. Observe the rule of Sequence of Tenses.

 

1. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) ______________________________________ 2. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) ____________________________________________ 3. Father has repaired the bicycle. (He thought) ____________________________________________

4. He knows English very well. (I supposed) ______________________________________________

5. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) ____________________________________

6. He works at his English hard. (I knew) _________________________________________________

7. My brother has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) __________________________________________________________________________________

8. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) ________________________________

9. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) _______________________________________________

10. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) ______________________________________

11. She never drinks milk. (I knew) _____________________________________________________

12. He did not know German at all. (I found out) __________________________________________

 

Task 4. Read the text:

History of Britain

Julius Caesar came to Britain in 54 BC. Then Romans came again and stayed for four hundred years (43 AD until 410 AD). The Romans found Britain a land of forests and swamp. In order to move their troops rapidly, they made roads. The places of old Roman camps became centres of trade.

Roman influence is evident in names of towns ending with: -caster, -chister. Because “castrum” in Latin denoted a fort, and “castra” – a camp.

The Romans had central heating under the floors of their houses. One of the oldest buildings of the Roman period is the lighthouse, or Pharos, at Dover.

The history of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the fifth century until the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Anglo-Saxon is a general term that refers to tribes of German origin who came to Britain, including Angles, Saxons, Frisians and Jutes.

In the 11^th century England was invaded by the Normans. The battle between the Normans and the Anglo-Saxons took place in the 11^th of October 1066 at Hastings. This was the fifth and the last invasion of Britain. Norman invasion changed both the history and the language of Britain.

After this battle William became King of England, and because he conquered England he is called William the Conqueror.

The Norman invaders brought with them Norman-French language, which over the years mixed with Anglo-Saxon to form the modern English language.

 

Stonehenge

Two thousand years before the Romans came to Britain the ancient inhabitants started building Stonehenge in Wiltshire. The newest parts of it were built in about 1400 BC – more than three thousand years ago. It is the oldest of Britain’s famous monuments.

Nobody knows exactly what it was, or who built it, but it must have taken them a very long time. Archaeologists used to think that Stonehenge was just a temple for religious ceremonies. Some people say it was a kind of clock, or calendar for working out the movements of the sun and the moon.

 

Task 5. Use the correct word: