Are the following statements true or false? Explain your answers.

1. A bus is a self-propelled vehicle developed to compete with the horse-driven coach. 2. Modern buses are defined as vehicles that provide seating capacity for more than 10 passengers. 3. The suburban bus is designed for long intercity runs. 4. The typical tour bus has a capacity of up to 47 passengers. 5. Both conventional and articulated buses have the same turning radius.

 

Answer the following questions.

1. What vehicles are designed as buses? When was the first bus developed? 2. What are the principal types of buses? 3. What are the characteristics of intercity buses? 4. When and where were the first articulated buses developed and used?

 

Fill in the following blanks with the appropriate word or phrase.

1. Self-propelled vehicle designed to carry … than an automobile. 2. The bus was developed … to compete with streetcars. 3. Vehicle that can carry more than 10 passengers is defined …. 4. The principal types of buses are …. 5. The capacity of … makes up to 70 passengers. 6. The bus operating within the city limits ….

 

MINI TEST 4 (Unit 4)

Translate word combinations given below.

1. self-propelled. 2. fixed route. 3. trailer body. 4. continuous floor panel. 5. accurate mating surface. 6. to accommodate more than 10 passengers. 7. low-back seats. 8. luggage compartments. 9. electronically controlled automatic transmission. 10. overhead luggage rack.

 

Fill in the gaps in the sentences.

1. A bus is a … road vehicle. 2. The bus was developed at the beginning of the … century to compete with street cars. 3. The bus was an … of the coach pulled by horses. 4. The city bus has two entrances on the … side. 5. In an … a trailer body is connected to the rear part of a conventional bus.

A. outgrowth. B. self-propelled. C. articulated bus. D. curb. E. last.

 

Match the synonyms.

1. Operate. 2. Rack. 3. City bus. 4. Increase. 5. Suburban bus.

A. Transit bus. B. Improvement. C. Intercity bus. D. Travel. E. Luggage shelf.

Match the antonyms.

1. Suburbs. 2. High-back seat. 3. Entrance. 4. Articulated bus. 5. Maximum.

A. Exit. B. Minimum. C. Conventional bus. D. Low-back seat. E. Downtown.

 

Name the component parts of the vehicle.

1. … is a device for reducing speed or stopping motion of the vehicle. 2. … is the frame together with the wheels of a vehicle. 3. … is the area at the front or back of a bus where people stand. 4. … is something you can sit on. 5. … is the part of a vehicle that takes power from the engine to the wheels.

 

6. Translate the 2^nd and the 3^d paragraphs of the text.

UNIT 5.

Translate the words and learn them.

lorry	replace
truck	task
freight	straight lorry
wagon	articulated lorry
delivery	coupling
equip	classify
forward speed	perform
reverse speed	capable
belt drive	military
equipment	ratio

Read and translate the text.

LORRIES

A lorry, or truck, is a motor vehicle designed to carry freight or goods or to perform special services. The lorry was derived from horse-driven wagon technology and some of the pioneer manufacturers came from the wagon business. Because of their speed and flexibility, lorry carries a quater of the intercity freight. Lorries enjoy almost total monopoly in freight delivery.

In 1896 Gottlieb Daimler of Germany built the first motor lorry. It was equipped with a four-horsepower engine and a belt drive with two speeds forward and one in reverse. In 1896 the Winton Company of the United States produced a gasoline-powered wagon with a single-cylinder six-horse-power engine.

In World War I motor lorries were widely used, and in World War II they largely replaced horse-drawn equipment. A notable vehicle was the four wheel-drive, short-wheelbase jeep, capable of performing a variety of military tasks.

Lorries can be classified as either straight or articulated. A straight lorry is one in which all axles are attached to a single frame. An articulated vehicle is one that consists of two or more separate frames connected by suitable couplings.

Axle assemblies of heavy lorries may be made up of two or more axles, any of which may be powered. Normally, they are so spaced that the distance between axle centers is not more than one-half times the overall diameter of the wheel and tyre. If the axles are separated by a large distance, the assembly is called a spread tandem.

The ratio of lorries to the passenger cars in the world is increasing annually.