Name the component parts of the vehicle.

1. … is the mechanical device for controlling the flow of air, liquid gas in one direction only. 2. … is a shaped chamber in an engine in which gas forces a piston. 3. … is the machine that generates mechanical power. 4. … is the means by which the motor-vehicle is supported on its axles. 5. … is the part of an engine that moves up and down to create power.

 

7. Translate the 3^d and 4^th paragraphs of the text.

 

UNIT 8.

Translate the words and learn them.

arrangement	tool
roof	refinements
support	reduce
convertible	requirements
retractable	application
windshield	fiberglass
windscreen	protect
strength	resistance
improve	reinforced
visibility	wrinkle

Read and translate the text.

BODY

Automotive body designs are frequently categorized according to the number of doors, the arrangement of seats, and the roof structure. Automobile roofs are conventionally supported by pillars on each side of the body. Convertible models with retractable fabric tops rely on the pillar at the side of the windshield for upper body strength as convertible mechanisms and glass areas are essentially non-structural. Glass areas have been increased for improved visibility and for aesthetic reasons.

The high cost of new factory tools makes it impracticable for manufacturers to produce totally new designs every year. New designs usually have been programmed on three- to six-year cycles with generally minor refinements appearing during the cycle. In the past, as much as four years of planning and new tool purchasing was needed for a completely new design. Computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing techniques may now be used to reduce this time requirement by 50 percent or more.

Automotive bodies are generally formed out of sheet steel. Elements are added to the alloy to improve its ability to be formed deeper depressions without wrinkling or tearing in manufacturing presses. Steel is used because of its availability, low cost, and good workability. For certain applications, however, other materials, such as aluminium, fiberglass, and carbon-fiber reinforced plastic, are used because of their special properties. Polyamide, polyester, polystyrene, polypropylene and ethylene plastics have been formulated for greater toughness and resistance to brittle deformation. This material has been designed successfully for some body panels. Tooling for plastic component generally costs less and requires less time to develop than that for steel components and therefore may be changed by designers at lower costs.

To protect body from corrosive elements and to maintain their strength and appearance, special priming and painting processes are used.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase.

1. Pillars on each side of the automobile body …. 2. are generally formed out of …. 3. It is impracticable for manufacturers to produce totally new designs every year because …. 4. New manufacturing techniques are now widely used ….

 

Answer the following questions.

1. What does the category of an automotive body design depend on? Describe some of the main structural elements of body. 2. What prevents manufacturers from producing totally new designs every year? What is needed for a completely new design? 3. What materials were usually automotive body formed out of in recent times? 4. What reasons make the manufacturers of automobile search after and use new materials in motor-car industry?

 

MINI TEST 8 (Unit 8)

1. Translate the words given below.

1. arrangement of seats. 2. roof structure. 3. conventionally supported. 4. convertible model. 5. improved visibility. 6. high cost. 7. new factory tools. 8. make it impractical. 9. completely new design. 10. without wrinkling in manufacturing presses