Introduction: Methodology, the essence of the term

 

Methodology as a philosophical study of the ways of cognition is of a great importance for FLT.

The practice of FLT shows that it is impossible to solve new methodological tasks on the basis of old traditional methodological approaches. It has always been so. There were different approaches: Behavioristic approach, Cognitive approach, communicative approach, Personal-oriented approach, Lingua-cultural approach. Approach as you know denotes a more general theoretical orientation, a strategy to FLT while a method is just one way that the approach is realized in practice, it is a tactiсs you choose for classroom practice, for teaching a FL.

The term Methodology as a theoretical study of the scope of methods and principles of cognition in the field of this or that science should not be confused with:

1) a method as a system for teaching a language that is based either on a particular theory of language on a particular theory of learning or (usually) on both,

2) techniques used in classroom

3) FLT Methodology-the theory of teaching foreign languages

Paradigm. What is it?

 

Education is one of the most important spheres of human activities which contribute greatly to colossal social changes and the development of science and technology.

The new strategies in the social-economic development of Kazakhstan have changed the requirements to modern education. The transfer from knowledge-centered approach to professional competence approach provides global changes in training qualified creative specialists capable to solve problems in different situations life long learning. In light of the Bologna process lifelong learning is an essential element of Education. The lifelong learning strategies are necessary to face the challenges of competitiveness and the use of new technologies and to improve social cohesion, equal opportunities and the quality of life. The importance of FL education is crucial. Consequently, the main thing today is FL through the whole life. Lifelong FL learning is a continuous FL learning process enabling students to acquire and update FL knowledge, skills and competencies at different stages of their life and in a variety of FL learning environments, both formal and informal.

The process of globalization in all spheres of life makes it necessary to look upon education on a global scale. That’s why it’s of crucial importance to define what Paradigm of Education is.

Nowadays, we often speak about the new philosophy of education, the new Paradigm of Education, what is this?

According to Webster’s Dictionary (USA, p. 842), a “Paradigm – is a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which laws, generalization and experiments performed in support of them are formulated”.

Paradigm (Greek “Paradigma”- model, theory) is the initial model and methods of research which are used within a certain period of time in the scientific world.

Paradigm is the beginning of any science. Paradigm is a conceptual model, theory, a set of principles, pervading the whole process of scientific investigation. In modern philosophy the term “Paradigm” denotes a system of theoretical methodological and acseological sets. Paradigm of Education is a sort of educational revolution which changes, principles, content, aims. The term was first used by Bergman and later by Coon. It’s a category of scientific cognition.The term is interpreted differently by different scholars.

A new educational Paradigm suggests revolutionary changes in the field of Education, a new mission of education, a new vision of final goal, levels of education and the role of learners in FLT process.

The main components of Paradigm are: conceptual ideas, scientific basis, principles, strategic aim, programmes, technologies and resources.

PARADIGM ------- PRAGMATIC-COGNITIVE

-------- INFORMATIONAL

----------ANTROPOLOGICAL

---------- PERSONAL-ORIENTED

----------- CULTURE ORIENTED

 

Paradigm serves as a regulatory factor for methodologies.

The term “methodologies” denotes the scope of methods and principles of cognition in the field of this or that science. Methodology may be philosophical, humanistic, culturelogical, anthropological.