Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness

 

The contribution of physical activity and exercise to physical fitness and the health of the individual is well recognized. It is important to distinguish between the terms physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness.

Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by the skeletal muscles that results in the expenditure of energy. Some examples of physical activities are daily living tasks, occupational tasks, conditioning activities, and sport activities. Exercise is physical activities.

Exercise is physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as its objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness.

Physical fitness has been defined in many different ways throughout the years and from a diversity of perspectives. Individuals who are physically fit possess the stamina to perform daily tasks, the energy to engage in active, leisure-time pursuits, the physical resources to meet unforeseen emergencies without undue fatigue, and the vitality to perform at their fullest capacity. Physical fitness is comprised of health-related and motor-performance-related fitness.

 

 

2.1. Listen to the text “Terminology. Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical

Fitness”.

2.2. Answer the questions:

 

1. Is the contribution of physical activity and exercise to physical fitness and the

health of the individual well recognized? 2. Is it important to distinguish between the terms physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness? 3. How is physical activity defined as? 4. What does a term exercise mean? 5. What is physical fitness? 6. Is it comprised of health-related and motor-performance-related fitness?

 

2.3. Find the English equivalents for the words and phrases:

 

оздоровчий фітнес; бути фізично здоровим; повсякденна побутова діяльність; у повному обсязі; різноманітність/ розмаїтість; володіти; витрата; задача/мета; професійні обов’язки; кондиційне тренування; розрізняти; внесок; визнавати; фізична діяльність; спортивно-змагальний фітнес; займатися (чим-небудь); життєздатність/енергія; дозвілля; поліпшення; структуйований; підтримувати фізичну форму; витривалість; ресурси/можливості; виконувати; непередбачений випадок; надмірний; втома.

 

2.4. Open the brackets and put the verbs into right tense form.

 

The human organism (be designed) to be active. In search of food, primitive people sometimes (have to) fight with other predators or to flee for safety. Even our more recent ancestors (be required) to do vigorous activity as a relatively major part of their normal daily routine. However, automation and technology (free) modern civilization from the exhausting physical labor required of earlier generations. Even though physical exertion (become) less necessary as a part of the normal work of many adults, the need for regular exercise (not, decrease). If anything, it (increase). Lack of regular physical activity (result) in poor physical fitness. Those who (not, be) physically fit often (suffer) from hypokinetic diseases or conditions.

 

2.5. Put the sentence below into Present Perfect and give its negative and

interrogative forms.

 

Good health is of primary importance to most adults in our society.

 

 

2.6. Have a dictation:

EXERCISE

 

Exercise means human movement or physical activity. This term includes such formal activities as calisthenics; movements done in sports, dance, and games; as well as

less formal activities, such as walking, jogging, and swimming. The terms exercise, physical activity, and human movement are used interchangeably and, in general, describe large muscle activities rather highly specific, relatively nontaxing movements of small muscle groups.

 

2.7. Translate the following into English:

 

Фізичний фітнес - це можливість тіла функціювати ефективно.

Він складається з оздоровчого фітнесу та спортивно-змагального фітнесу, які меншою мірою вміщують одинадцять різних компонентів, кожний з яких робить свій внесок уякість життя. Фізичний фітнес асоціюєтся з можливістю людини працювати ефективно, насолоджуватися дозвіллям, бути здоровим, опиратися гіпокінетичним захворюванням, бути готовим до екстраординарних ситуацій. Він пов’язаний різним чином з психологічним, соціологічним, емоційним та духовним фітнесом, з компонентами здоров’я та загального самопочуття.

 

2.8. Listening comprehension:

 

When polled about important social values, 99 % of American adults identified

“being in good health” as one of their major concerns. The three concerns expressed most often were good health, good family life, and good self-image. The one percent who did not identify good health as an important concern had no opinion on any social issues. Among those polled, none felt that good health was unimportant.

 

2.8.1. Listen to the passage and answer the questions:

 

1. Which social value did the American adults identify as one of their major concerns? 2. Which were the concerns expressed most often? 3. How many per cents did not identify good health as an important concern? 4. Which social value do you identify as the most significant for you?

 

 

2.8.2. Discus the text in class.

 

 

2.8.3. Give a talk on the text.

III. Text II

TERMINOLOGY.

HEALTH-RELATED AND MOTOR-PERFORMANCE-RELATED FITNESS

 

Fitness comprises many different components. These components can be classified into two categories: those pertaining to health and those pertaining to motor-skill performance. (See a box below)

 

 

COMPONENTS OF FITNESS
Health-related Fitness Components	Motor-performance-related Fitness Components
Body Composition Cardiovascular Endurance Flexibility Muscular Endurance Muscular Strength	Agility Balance Coordination Power Reaction Time Speed

 

Health-related fitness is concerned with the development and maintenance of the fitness components that can enhance health through prevention and redemption of disease and illness.

Health-related fitness enhances one’s ability to function efficiently and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Thus, health-related fitness is important for all individuals throughout life.

Motor-performance-related fitness is concerned with the development and maintenance of those fitness components that are conductive to performance of physical activities such as sport.

 

3.1. Listen to the text and answer the questions:

 

1. How can the fitness components be classified? 2. What is health-related fitness

concerned with? 3. What does health-related fitness enhance? 4. What is the motor-performance-related fitness concerned with?

 

3.2. Find the English equivalents for the following:

 

реакція, можливість функціонувати ефективно, гнучкість, будова тіла, належати до якої-небудь категорії, серцево-судинна витривалість, сприятливий, спритність, координація, рівновага, потужність/сила, компонент, профілактика.

 

3.3. Open the brackets and put the verbs into right tense form: