Структурные типы основных галлюциногенов.

I. Производные фенилэтиламина

R₁=R₅=H, R₂=R₃=R₄=OCH₃:

3,4,5-триметокси-фенилэтиоамин

(составная часть пейота)=мескалин

R₁=R₄=OCH₃, R₂=H, R₃=R₅=CH₃:

2,5-диметокси-4-метил-фенилизопропиламин=STP

(синтетическое вещество)

II. Производные индола

1. Производные триптамина

а) Alkyl=CH₃: N,N,-диметилтриптамин (составляющая йопо и пр.)

б) Alkyl=C₂H₅, C₃H₇, C₃H₅: N,N,-диэтилтиптамин и пр. (синтетические вещества)

2. Производные гидрокситриптамина

1) Производные 4-гидрокситриптамина:

а) R=OPO₃H, Alkyl=CH₂: псилоцибин

R=OH, Alkyl=CH₃: псилоцин (составляющие теонанакатля)

б) R=OPO₃H, Alkyl=C₂H₅: CY-19

R=OH, Alkyl=C₂H₅: CZ-74 (синтетические вещества)

2) Производные 5-гидрокситриптамина:

а) R₁=OH, R₂=R₃=CH₃: буфотенин

б) R₁=OCH₃, R₂=R₃=CH₃: 5-метокси-N,N,-диметилтриптамин

в) R₁=OCH₃, R₂=H, R₃=CH₃: 5-метокси-N-метилтриптамин (составляющие йопо, кообы, эпены и пр.)

3. Производные цикличного триптамина

1) бета-карболиновые производные:

а) гармин

б) 3,4-дигидрогармин=гармалин

в) d-1,2,3,4-тетрогидрогармин (составляющие аяхуаски и пр.)

2) Проиводные лизергиновой кислоты

а) R₁=R₂=H: амид d-лизергиновой кислоты

б) R₁=H, R₂=CHOHCH₃: гидроксиэтиламид d-лизергиновой кислоты (составляющая ололиуки)

в) R₁=R₂=C₂H₅: диэтиламид d-лизергиновой кислоты (=ЛСД-25) (синтетическое вещество)

3) ибогаин

(составляющая Tabernanthe iboga)

Илл. 28. Таблица индольных галлюциногенов. Из книги Денниса Маккены и Теренса Маккенвы “Невидимый Ландшафт” (New York: Seabury Press, 1975), С. 56-57.

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