Предмет і мета дисципліни «іноземна мова»,

ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА

(АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА)

 

 

МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ

до вивчення дисципліни та виконання

контрольних робіт для студентів І курсу

напряму підготовки. 6.030601 Менеджмент

заочної форми навчання

 

Реєстраційний номер СХВАЛЕНО

електронних методичних на засіданні кафедри

рекомендацій у НМУ ______________ іноземних мов

Протокол №

від 2012р.

 

 

Київ НУХТ 2012

Англійська мова: Метод. рекомендації до вивчення дисципліни та виконання контр. робіт для студентів І курсу напряму підготовки. 6.030601 Менеджмент заочної форми навчання / Уклад.: І.П. Тригуб, О.В. Никитенко, О.В. Березовська, Л.Ю. Шапран.– К: НУХТ, 2012. – 88 с.

 

 

Укладачі: І.П. Тригуб

О.В. Никитенко

О.В. Березовська

Л.Ю. Шапран

Відповідальний за випуск Г.А. Чередніченко

Предмет і мета дисципліни «Іноземна мова»,

Її місце і роль у навчальному процесі

Дисципліна “Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням)” є важливою складовою системи підготовки спеціалістів вищої школи, що зумовлено сучасною тенденцією до світової інтеграції, розширенням культурного та наукового обміну, росту міжнародного економічного співробітництва.

Мета: формування необхідної комунікативної спроможності у сферах професійного та ситуативного спілкування в усній і письмовій формах.

Завдання: набуття навичок практичного володіння іноземною мовою в різних видах мовленнєвої діяльності в обсязі тематики, зумовленої професійними потребами; одержання новітньої фахової інформації через іноземні джерела; користування усним монологічним та діалогічним мовленням у межах побутової, суспільно-політичної, загальноекономічної та фахової тематики; переклад з іноземної мови на рідну текстів загальноекономічного характеру; реферування та анотування суспільно-політичної та загальноекономічної літературу рідною та іноземною мовами.

Предмет:лексика, граматика і фонетика іноземної мови.

Роль: Курс іноземної мови є важливою складовою програми підготовки бакалаврів. Вивчення дисципліни сприяє розвитку творчого мислення, розширює світогляд, знайомить з культурою країн, мова яких вивчається, підсилює успішність соціалізації студентів. Студенти розвивають чуття мови, мовної здогадки, пам’ять у всіх її видах (аналіз, синтез, порівняння, умовивід), відбувається розвиток сенсорного сприйняття, мотиваційної сфери, вміння спілкуватися, таких рис характеру як працьовитість, воля, цілеспрямованість, активність, вміння вчитися.

Цілі навчальної дисципліни

- практична – формувати у студентів загальні та професійно орієнтовані комунікативні мовленнєві компетенції (лінгвістичну, соціолінгвістичну і прагматичну) для забезпечення їхнього ефективного спілкування в академічному та професійному середовищі;

- освітня – формувати у студентів загальні компетенції (вміння й навички); сприяти розвитку здібностей до самооцінки та здатності до самостійного навчання;

- пізнавальна – залучати студентів до таких академічних видів діяльності, які активізують і далі розвивають увесь спектр їхніх пізнавальних здібностей;

- розвиваюча – допомагати студентам у формуванні загальних компетенцій з метою розвитку їх особистої мотивації (цінностей, ідеалів); зміцнювати впевненість студентів як користувачів мови, а також їх позитивне ставлення до вивчення мови;

- соціальна – сприяти становленню критичного самоусвідомлення та вмінь спілкуватися;

- соціокультурна – досягати широкого розуміння важливих і різнопланових міжнародних соціокультурних проблем, для того щоб діяти належним чином у культурному розмаїтті професійних та академічних ситуацій.

Зміст навчальної дисципліни та види діяльності студентів

Зміст дисципліниспрямований на формування професійної комунікативної компетенції, яка розглядається як мовна поведінка, що є специфічною для академічного і професійного середовища. Мовна поведінка вимагає набуття лінгвістичної компетенції (мовленнєвих умінь та мовних знань), соціолінгвістичної та прагматичної компетенцій, що є необхідними для виконання завдань, пов’язаних з навчанням та роботою.

 

Зміст дисципліни розкривається в темах:

1. Фонетичні норми іноземної мови.

2. Нормативна граматика іноземної мови.

3. Аудіювання та мовлення.

4. Читання.

5. Лексичний мінімум – 2000 лексичних одиниць.

· Категорії буття.

· Географічні, демографічні, економічні та політичні дані конкретної країни світу, мова якої вивчається, та України.

· Регіональні та соціальні відмінності між Україною і країною, мова якої вивчається.

· Лексика професійного спілкування.

· Лексика ділових контактів, ділових зустрічей, нарад.

· Структура діалогу загальнонаукового характеру.

· Особливості діалогу професійно орієнтованого характеру.

6. Мовленнєвий етикет спілкування.

· Мовні моделі звертання, ввічливості, привітання, вступ до розмови, вибачення, погодження тощо.

· Мовно-культурологiчний аспект проведення переговорів, міжнародних виставок тощо.

· Лексико-граматичний мінімум забезпечення і мовно-комунікативний рівень проведення презентацій.

7. Елементи усного та письмового перекладу інформації іноземною мовою.

8. Ділове листування.

9. Професійно орієнтовані джерела.

10. Електронні іншомовні джерела.

Зміст занять з дисципліни

Навчальний матеріал, який вивчається на I курсі, як на практичних заняттях так і під час самостійної роботи студентів, розподілений на два семестри.

№ пор.	Тема та зміст лекції	Кільк. годин	Література
1.   2.	1 семестр Лексичний матеріал 1. My Biography 2. Our University 3. My Native City. Kyiv 4. Ukraine Читання текстів загальноеконо-мічного характеру зі словником. Граматичний матеріал 1. часи групи Simple. Активний стан. 2. Особові та присвійні займенники. 3. Типи запитань. 4. Модальні дієслова must, can, may, should, have to.     2 семестр Лексичний матеріал 1. Why I Study English 2. Higher Education 3. Great Britain 4. The USA Читання текстів загальноеко-номічного характеру зі словником. Граматичний матеріал 1. Часи групи Continuous. 2. Інфінітив, герундій, дієприкметник. 3. Неозначені та заперечні займенники.		Англійська мова. Частина 1. Навч. посібник; За ред. Шапран Л.Ю., Куниці Л.І. – К.: Міленіум, 2003.-426с.   Англійська мова. Частина 2. Навч. посібник; За ред. Шапран Л.Ю., Куниці Л.І. – К.: Міленіум, 2003.-572с.   Англійська мова Методичні вказівки до самостійної роботи над розмовними темами для студентів І-ІІ курсів усіх спеціальностей заочної форми навчання. упор: Шапран Л.Ю., Чередні-ченко Г.А., Куниця Л.І.. – К: НУХТ, 2006, № 6780   Англійська мова. Частина 1. Навч. посібник; За ред. Шапран Л.Ю., Куниці Л.І. – К.: Міленіум, 2003.-426с.   Англійська мова. Частина 2. Навч. посібник; За ред. Шапран Л.Ю., Куниці Л.І. – К.: Міленіум, 2003.-572с.   Англійська мова. Методичні вказівки до самостійної роботи над розмовними темами для студентів І-ІІ курсів усіх спеціальностей заочної форми навчання. упор: Шапран Л.Ю., Чередні-ченко Г.А., Куниця Л.І.. – К: НУХТ, 2006, № 6780

Поточний контроль

Контроль знань студентів здійснюється за результатами контрольної роботи та усної відповіді студента, згідно заданої тематики. В кінці семестру проводиться залік або іспит, мета яких – перевірити готовність студентів до користовування іноземною мовою в професійній діяльності.

Контрольні роботи

Протягом 3 курсу студенти повинні виконати 2 контрольні роботи (по 1 контрольній роботі за семестр).

Для виконання контрольних робіт треба розібрати та вивчити необхідний лексичний та граматичний матеріал, який заплановано опанувати у відповідному семестрі. Крім того, цей матеріал також пояснюється викладачем під час установчих занять. Виконані контрольні роботи відсилаються на адресу університету чи приносяться студентами особисто в ауд. В-210, де вони реєструються і даються викладачу на перевірку.

Кожне контрольне завдання подане у 10 варіантах. Студенти, чий номер студентського квітка закінчується цифрою:

 

1. виконують варіант №1

2. виконують варіант №2

3. виконують варіант №3

4. виконують варіант №4

5. виконують варіант №5

6. виконують варіант №6

7. виконують варіант №7

8. виконують варіант №8

9. виконують варіант №9

0 виконують варіант №10

 

На установчих заняттях викладач пояснює порядок виконання контрольних робіт і відповідний лексико-граматичний матеріал. Вдома студент доопрацьовує весь матеріал самостійно, використовуючи рекомендовану літературу.

 

 

Питання до заліку

Семестр

Лексичний матеріал

1. My Biography

2. Our University

3. My Native City. Kyiv

4. Ukraine

Граматичний матеріал

1. часи групи Simple. Активний стан.

2. Особові та присвійні займенники.

3. Типи запитань.

4. Модальні дієслова must, can, may, should, have to.

 

Захист контрольної роботи

Семестр

Лексичний матеріал

1. Why I Study English

2. Higher Education

3. Great Britain

4. The USA

Граматичний матеріал

1. Часи групи Continuous.

2. Інфінітив, герундій, дієприкметник.

3. Неозначені та заперечні займенники.

Захист контрольної роботи

Рекомендована література

1. Англійська мова. Частина 1. Навч. посібник; За ред. Шапран Л.Ю., Куниці Л.І. – К.: Міленіум, 2003.-426с.

2. Англійська мова. Частина 2. Навч. посібник; За ред. Шапран Л.Ю., Куниці Л.І. – К.: Міленіум, 2003.-572с.

3. Англійська мова Методичні вказівки до самостійної роботи над розмовними темами для студентів І-ІІ курсів усіх спеціальностей заочної форми навчання. упор: Шапран Л.Ю., Чередніченко Г.А., Куниця Л.І.. – К: НУХТ, 2006, № 6780

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 1

MANAGEMENT

(1) Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. According to F.W. Taylor, “Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way”.

 

(2) Management is a purposive activity. It is something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain predetermined goals. It is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world. Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to another.

 

(3) Management involves creating an internal environment. It is the management which puts into use the various factors of production. Therefore, it is the responsibility of management to create such conditions which are conducive to maximum efforts so that people are able to perform their task efficiently and effectively. It includes ensuring availability of raw materials, determination of wages and salaries, formulation of rules & regulations etc.

 

(4) The main objectives of management are: getting maximum results with minimum efforts, increasing the efficiency of factors of production, maximum prosperity for employer and employees, human betterment and social justice.

 

(5) Therefore, we can say that good management includes both being effective and efficient. Being effective means doing the appropriate task i.e, fitting the square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. Being efficient means doing the task correctly, at least possible cost with minimum wastage of resources.

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 2

IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT

(1) It helps in Achieving Group Goals - It arranges the factors of production, assembles and organizes the resources, integrates the resources in effective manner to achieve goals. It directs group efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals. By defining objective of organization clearly there would be no wastage of time, money and effort. Management converts disorganized resources of men, machines, money etc. into useful enterprise.

 

(2) Optimum Utilization of Resources - Management utilizes all the physical & human resources productively. This leads to efficacy in management. Management provides maximum utilization of scarce resources by selecting its best possible alternate use in industry from out of various uses. It makes use of experts, professional and these services leads to use of their skills, knowledge, and proper utilization and avoids wastage. If employees and machines are producing its maximum there is no under employment of any resources.

 

(3) Reduces Costs - It gets maximum results through minimum input by proper planning and by using minimum input & getting maximum output. Management uses physical, human and financial resources in such a manner which results in best combination. This helps in cost reduction.

 

(4) Establishes Sound Organization - To establish sound organizational structure is one of the objective of management which is in tune with objective of organization and for fulfillment of this, it establishes effective authority & responsibility relationship i.e. who is accountable to whom, who can give instructions to whom, who are superiors & who are subordinates.

 

(5) Establishes Equilibrium - It enables the organization to survive in changing environment. With the change in external environment, the initial co-ordination of organization must be changed. So it adapts organization to changing demand of market / changing needs of societies. It is responsible for growth and survival of organization.

 

(6) Essentials for Prosperity of Society - Efficient management leads to better economical production which helps in turn to increase the welfare of people. Good management makes a difficult task easier by avoiding wastage of scarce resource. It improves standard of living.

 

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 3

Management as a Profession

(1) Over a large few decades, factors such as growing size of business unit, growing competition etc have led to an increased demand for professionally qualified managers. A profession may be defined as an occupation that requires specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparations to which entry is regulated by a representative body.

 

(2) The essentials of a profession are:

Specialized Knowledge - A profession must have a systematic body of knowledge that can be used for development of professionals. A manager must have devotion and involvement to acquire expertise in the science of management.

Formal Education & Training - There are a lot of institutes and universities to impart education and training for a profession. No one can practice a profession without going through a prescribed course.

Social Obligations - Profession is a source of livelihood but professionals are primarily motivated by the desire to serve the society. Similarly a manager is responsible not only to its owners but also to the society and therefore he is expected to provide quality goods at reasonable prices to the society.

Code of Conduct - Members of a profession have to abide by a code of conduct which contains certain rules and regulations, norms of honesty, integrity and special ethics. A code of conduct is enforced by a representative association to ensure self discipline among its members.

Representative Association - For the regulation of profession, existence of a representative body is a must.

 

(3) It is quite clear that management fulfills several essentials of a profession, even then it is not a full fledged profession because:

· No minimum qualifications have been prescribed for managers.

· Managers are responsible to many groups such as shareholders, employees and society.

· Managers are known by their performance and not mere degrees.

· The ultimate goal of business is to maximize profit and not social welfare. That is why Haymes has rightly remarked, “The slogan for management is becoming - ’He who serves best, also profits most’.”

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 4

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

(1) Management is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. The most widely accepted functions of management are: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.

 

(2) Planning is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources.

 

(3) Organizing is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”.

 

(4 ) Staffing is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. The main purpose of staffing is to put right man on right job. According to Kootz & O’Donell, “Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the roles designed in the structure”.

 

(5) Directing is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. Direction is an aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating subordinate to achieve the goals of an organization. Direction has following elements: Supervision, Motivation, Leadership, Communication.

(6) Controlling. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling is the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished”.

 

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 5

MANAGEMENT STYLES

(1) The various ways of dealing with the subordinates at the workplace is called as management style. There are 5 types of management style: Autocratic Management Style,Democratic Management Style,Bureaucratic Management Style,Paternalistic Management Style,Laissez-faire Management Style.

 

(2) The autocratic management style is characterised by a top-down communication model. Information is passed from executives to senior management to employees, because most decision is made at the top. But in modern times, most managers have moved away from autocratic management styles and have adopted a more paternistic approach.

(3) Democratic management styles tend to be adopted by many managers working in select industries. Democratic management is all about full employee consultation and feedback. Democratic management styles do not ensure employees get whatever they want, but they ensure that managers know exactly what their employees need before making important decisions.

 

(4) The bureaucratic management style is an unpopular but necessary management style, used in cultures were accountability and transparency is high, and the risks of mal-practice are critical (e.g. governmental organisations). Bureaucratic management involves designing and maintaining efficient processes and procedures designed to ensure quality output with minimal errors. Bureaucratic organisations are often costly and slower, but can be more reliable.

 

(5) The paternalistic management style strives to achieve a balance between top-down decision making, and maximising the welfare needs of the employees. Paternalistic managers do therefore make decisions largely on their own, but their internal decision-making process takes in the personal needs of their workers as an important factor.

 

(6) The key word describing the laissez-faire management style would be ‘delegation’. Total delegation is at the heart of laissez-faire management. It is based on the truth that many employees feel more motivated and commit more to projects, when they believe that they are in complete control and have responsibility. There is minimal involvement from the manager. The manager is there to coach or answer questions, supply information if required.

 

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 6

LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

(1) The term “Levels of Management’’ refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The levels of management can be classified in three broad categories: Top level (Administrative level), Middle level (Executory) and Low level (First-line managers). Managers at all these levels perform different functions.

 

(2) Top Level of Management consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions. Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise, prepares strategic plans, appoints the executive for middle level, controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments, issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, schedules etc. The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.

(3) Middle Level of Management. The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies of the top management. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization. They also participate in employment & training of lower level management and send important reports and other important data to top level management.

 

(4) Lower Level of Management consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendents, etc.They are concerned with direction and controlling function of management. They guide, instruct and assign tasks to various workers. They are responsible for the quality and quantity of production. They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools, etc for getting the things done. They ensure discipline in the enterprise. They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers. They communicate workers problems and suggestions, etc. to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers.

 

 

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 7

QUALITIES OF A LEADER

(1) Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the behaviour and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. A leader has got multidimensional traits in him which makes him appealing and effective in behaviour. They are the following:

 

(2)

· Physical appearance. A leader must have a pleasing appearance. Physique and health are very important for a good leader.

· Vision and foresight. A leader cannot has to visualize situations and thereby has to frame logical programmes.

· Intelligence. A leader should be intelligent enough to examine problems and difficult situations. He should be analytical who weighs pros and cons and then summarizes the situation.

 

(3)

· Communicative skills. A leader must be able to communicate the policies and procedures clearly, precisely and effectively.

· Objective. A leader should develop his own opinion and should base his judgement on facts and logic.

· Knowledge of work. A leader should be very precisely knowing the nature of work of his subordinates because it is then he can win the trust and confidence of his subordinates.

· Sense of responsibility. A leader must have a sense of responsibility towards organizational goals because only then he can get maximum of capabilities exploited in a real sense.

 

(4)

· Self-confidence and willpower. Confidence in himself is important to earn the confidence of the subordinates. He should handle the situations with full willpower.

· Humanist. This trait to be present in a leader is essential because he deals with human beings and is in personal contact with them. He has to handle the personal problems of his subordinates with great care and attention.

· Empathy. A leader should understand the problems and complaints of employees and should also have a complete view of the needs and aspirations of the employees. This helps in improving human relations.

A leader cannot have all traits at one time. But some of them help in achieving effective results.

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 9

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THE MARKETING MIX

 

(1) The marketing mix refers to the key activities used in marketing an organization's products or services. It is frequently referred to as the four Ps:

· Product - the features and benefits of the product or service provided.

· Price - the costs of production, prices charged by the competitors and customers' expectations.

· Promotion - how to promote and advertise the product or service, i.e. how to communicate with customers.

· Place - how to distribute the product and make it available for consumers, e.g. through retail outlets or via the Internet.

 

(2) Some people argue that three other Ps should be added to the marketing mix, especially for organizations that provide intangible services that are generally consumed at the time of purchase and may depend on significant human input rather than tangible products:

· People – those involved in the delivery of services to consumers; for example, staff serving in a restaurant are as important as the food on the plate.

· Process – how will you deliver the services offered?

· Physical evidence – what premises (such as factories and offices), or other tangibles do you need?

 

(3) Senior managers can control the elements of the marketing mix to keep ahead of competition. The marketing mix can vary at different times throughout the product life cycle. Some products have a very long lifespan, requiring a series of different marketing mixes.

 

 

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a. The marketing mix refers to the key activities used in marketing an organization's products or services.

b. All people argue that three other Ps should not be added to the marketing mix.

c. Organizations that provide intangible services may depend on significant human input.

d. All managers (senior and junior) can control the elements of the marketing mix to keep ahead of competition.

e. The marketing mix can vary at different times throughout the product life cycle.

f. Some products have a very long lifespan, requiring a series of different marketing mixes.

 

C. intangible services

D. tangible products

E. competition

Контрольна робота № 1

Варіант 10

 

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

(1) Some products have a very long lifespan, requiring a series of different marketing mixes. For example, the price may be reduced or advertising might be increased at times when sales are declining. Other items go out of fashion quickly.

 

(2) The product life cycle is the path of a product from the very beginning through to withdrawal from the market, with six separate stages:

· Research and development (R&D) – market research is carried out and the product's technical feasibility tested, before the product is put on the market.

· Introduction or launch – emphasis is placed on promotion to build up product awareness, encouraging interest in its features and benefits and creating a desire to buy it.

· Growth – sales grow rapidly as most customers are aware of the product, many have tried it and are starting to develop customer loyalty.

· Maturity – sales levels are maintained and the product has an established place in the market. Competition may become very intense.

· Saturation – supply is plentiful and it is difficult to find new customers.

· Decline – sales of the product have fallen. They are not covering the manufacturing costs and the product is therefore unprofitable. The well-prepared business will have a second product ready for introduction to the market to replace the declining product.

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Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 1

Types of businesses

(1) Business organizations are established to meet wants in society. These organizations can be either private businesses or government organizations. The most common forms of private business organizations are sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.

 

(2) A sole proprietorship is a business owned and controlled by one person. Sole proprietorships are the oldest, simplest, and the most common of all types of business. Because the financial resources available to one person often are limited, sole proprietors tend to be enterprises that require small amounts of capital to start and operate. Examples of sole trader businesses include small retailers, plumbers, builders, internet entrepreneurs, beauticians, dentists, lawyers, market traders, grocers, butchers etc.

 

(3) A partnership is a business that is owned and controlled by two or more people. A partnership begins when two or more people agree to operate a business together. Partnership can be general or limited. In order to avoid later conflicts, the partners usually formulate a written agreement called a partnership contract. It outlines the contributions of partners, the distribution of profits and losses. It details the specific responsibilities of each partner and includes provision for adding or dropping partners and dissolving the partnership. The advantages of a partnership over a sole trader is that resources, whether money, expertise or skills is often greater than that of a sole trader. This is because there is more than one person contributing to the business.

 

(4) A corporation is a business organization that is treated by law as if it were an individual person. A corporation can do everything that a sole proprietorship or a partnership can do. It can, for example, buy property and resources, hire workers, make contracts, pay taxes, sue others and be sued and produce and sell products. A corporation, however, is owned by stockholders. Stockholders are individuals who invest in a corporation by buying shares of stock. Stocks are the certificates of ownership in the corporation. Stockholders invest in a corporation in order to make a profit.

 

(5) A corporation may be either publicly owned or closed. A publicly owned corporation allows its shares to be purchased by anyone who chooses to invest in the business. Most corporations today are publicly owned. A closed corporation is owned by a limited number of shareholders. People outside of this limited group may not buy shares in the corporation.

Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 4

 

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THE BENEFITS OF MARKETING PLANNING

(1) Organizations succeed by creating and keeping customers. Marketing managers regularly have to assess which customers they are trying to reach and how they can design products and services that provide better value and benefits, delivering competitive advantage over competitors in their sector. This process is known as marketing planning. A formal marketing plan can help managers identify and analyse future opportunities to meet customer needs by defining attractive market segments of customers who have certain characteristics in common.

 

(2) Marketing planning is based on an analysis of the company's customers, competitors and significant factors in the external environment and of its internal performance. The contents of a strategic marketing plan are as follows:

· Mission statement: setting out the purpose of the organization and covering its role, business definition, distinctive competence and future direction.

· Market overview: a brief picture of the market, including market structure, market trends, key market segments and (sometimes) gap analysis.

· SWOT analysis: analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the organization compared with competitors as well as opportunities and threats in the external environment.

· Underlying assumptions critical to the planned marketing objectives.

· Marketing objectives, usually consisting of quantitative statements of the profit, volume and market share the organization wishes to achieve.

· Marketing strategies: stating how the objectives are to be achieved.

· Resource requirements and the full budget, giving the revenues and associated costs for each year.

Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 5

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THE ROLE OF THE BOARD

(1)According to the UK code of corporate governance, shareholders have the role of appointing the board of directors. These directors are fiduciaries, that is agents on behalf of the shareholders, with collective responsibility for the success of the company and accountability for its failures.

 

(2) In other words, they must demonstrate good stewardship, taking care of the company for which they are responsible and always showing openness, or transparency, towards their principals, the shareholders.

 

(3) The board should include non-executive directors, responsible for ensuring that objectives are reached. Supervising the effectiveness of the board is the chairman. The division of responsibilities between the chairman and CEO should be clear to avoid any potential conflict of interest, given the amount of inside information to which they have access.

 

(4) Election of the board is carried out during the Annual General Meeting, which serves as a forum for shareholders to elect or remove the chairman, question the board's decisions, raise issues of the fairness of executive compensation, where necessary, and appoint the external auditors, accountants from a specialist accounting

company who check the company's balance sheet.

 

(5) Serving on a board involves some amount of remuneration, which can take the form of incentives to stimulate performance, such as bonuses, extra payments directly

related to performance, or share options which link executives' wealth to that of the company. In all their activities, the directors and shareholders are responsible for conforming to the national laws such as the Companies Act (UK) and its equivalents worldwide, such as the US anti-trust laws.

 

 

Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 6

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

(1) Management structures identify the different departments in an organization and set out who answers to whom in the chain of command.

 

(2) The traditional types of organizational structure are functional ordivisional. In a functional structure, the organization is divided up into different functional areas or departments, such as Marketing, Finance and Production. Multi-divisional structures also exist, where the organization is divided along geographical orproduct divisions. This allows the company to grow and develop in new parts of the world and to add new combinations of products. A multi-divisional matrix may also be adopted. This is a combination of product and geographical divisions that allows a large company to adapt products for particular markets.

 

(3) Matrix structures are especially used in large organizations that have a number of clearly defined projects. Organizations with one single owner, a sole trader, often have no formal structure.

 

(4) Large organizations may have a tall structure, with complex hierarchies and many layers of management, but even a very large organization can have a flat structure, with only a few levels of management.

 

(5) An organization chart is a diagram showing relationships between different jobs and departments. It may identify the various functional departments, the hierarchy, from the CEO and the Board of Management downwards, and the lines of responsibility, to identify reporting channels (including individual managers' spans of control).

 

Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 7

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LEADERSHIP

(1) In the past decade there has been a paradigm shift in leadership theory, as writers such as Burns, Alveoli and Bass have described the characteristics of transactional and transformational leadership. According to these theories, transactional leadership is based mainly on rewarding good performance or punishing unsatisfactory performance, sometimes known as contingent reward leadership. Some managers only intervene when a subordinate fails to meet expectations: this passive approach is known as management-by-exception. Other managers may even adopt a laissez-faire approach, avoiding intervention.

 

(2) However, active transactional managers will take steps to avoid poor performance. Transformational leadership is a participative leadership style, in which the leader provides:

1. Individualized consideration – listening to followers' concerns, considering their needs and fostering self-development.

2. Intellectual stimulation – challenging assumptions and nurturing creativity.

3. Inspirational motivation – communicating clearly and persuasively a vision that will inspire their followers.

4. Idealized influence – providing a role model which will gain respect and trust.

 

(3) Followers know that their leader will apply consistent, impartial rules in any conflict.These concepts have been used in the design of leadership development programmes in which managers are encouraged to move from passive approaches to active transactional and transformational approaches.

 

(4) Is there a difference between leadership and management?

The 'great man' theory based on the concept that leaders are born and that leadership cannot be taught has now been discredited. However, there is wide acceptance that certain personality traits can be helpful in potential leaders. Good leaders have integrity and are trusted by their colleagues; they are risk takers who are willing to experiment; they have a clear vision which they translate into reality and a passion which helps them to achieve their objectives.

Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 8

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Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 9

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Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 10

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ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА

(АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА)

 

МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ

до вивчення дисципліни та виконання

контрольних робіт для студентів І курсу

напряму підготовки. 6.030601 Менеджмент

заочної форми навчання

 

 

Укладачі: Тригуб Інна Петрівна

Никитенко Ольга Василівна

Березовська Ольга Владиславівна

Шапран Людмила Юліївна

 

 

ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА

(АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА)

 

 

МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ

до вивчення дисципліни та виконання

контрольних робіт для студентів І курсу

напряму підготовки. 6.030601 Менеджмент

заочної форми навчання

 

Реєстраційний номер СХВАЛЕНО

електронних методичних на засіданні кафедри

рекомендацій у НМУ ______________ іноземних мов

Протокол №

від 2012р.

 

 

Київ НУХТ 2012

Англійська мова: Метод. рекомендації до вивчення дисципліни та виконання контр. робіт для студентів І курсу напряму підготовки. 6.030601 Менеджмент заочної форми навчання / Уклад.: І.П. Тригуб, О.В. Никитенко, О.В. Березовська, Л.Ю. Шапран.– К: НУХТ, 2012. – 88 с.

 

 

Укладачі: І.П. Тригуб

О.В. Никитенко

О.В. Березовська

Л.Ю. Шапран

Відповідальний за випуск Г.А. Чередніченко

Предмет і мета дисципліни «Іноземна мова»,