Найдите в тексте предложения со сказуемыми в пассивном залоге.

Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы.

Найдите в тексте инфинитивы и определите их функцию в предложении.

 

Задание V

 

1. Определите, какие из данных утверждений истинны, а какие ложны:

 

1. Early inventions such as the wheel are consistent with the modern definition of engineering.

2. Civil engineering deals with electrical and electronic systems.

3. The term ‘development’ refers to the later stages of a project.

4. The operating engineer is responsible for supervising personnel’s activities.

5. Design and testing are carried out by the same person.

6. The process of creative synthesis helps create a new and optimum solution.

 

2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

 

1. What is engineering?

2. What branches does engineering consist of?

3. What are main functions of engineering?

4. What is the construction engineer responsible for?

5. What do management jobs often require?

 

Задание VI

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Выполните устный пересказ текста, используя необходимые фразы.

Unit 2

Задание I

1. Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим словам, содержащим интернациональные корни:

Process, mathematics, portion, analysis, information, literature, document, expert, method, configuration

2. Прочитайте следующий текст:

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

The engineering design process is a formulation of a plan or scheme to assist an engineer in creating a product. The engineering design is defined as component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision making process (often iterative) in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective.

Among the fundamental elements of the design process are the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing and evaluation. The engineering design process is a multi-step process including the research, conceptualization, feasibility assessment, establishing design requirements, preliminary design, detailed design, production planning and tool design, and finally production.

Research. A significant amount of time is spent on research, or locating information. Consideration should be given to the existing applicable literature, problems and successes associated with existing solutions, costs, and marketplace needs. The source of information should be relevant, including existing solutions. Reverse engineering can be an effective technique if other solutions are available on the market. Other sources of information include the Internet, local libraries, available government documents, personal organizations, trade journals, vendor catalogs and individual experts available.

Conceptualization. Once an engineering issue is clearly defined, solutions must be identified. These solutions can be found by using ideation, or the mental process by which ideas are generated. The following are the most widely used techniques:

trigger word - a word or phrase associated with the issue at hand is stated, and subsequent words and phrases are evoked. For example, to move something from one place to another may evoke run, swim, roll, etc.

morphological chart - independent design characteristics are listed in a chart, and different engineering solutions are proposed for each solution. Normally, a preliminary sketch and short report accompany the morphological chart.

synectics - the engineer imagines him or herself as the item and asks, "What would I do if I were the system?" This unconventional method of thinking may find a solution to the problem at hand.

brainstorming - this popular method involves thinking of different ideas and adopting these ideas in some form as a solution to the problem.

Once an engineering issue is clearly defined, solutions must be identified. These solutions can be found by using ideation, or the mental process by which ideas are generated.

Feasibility assessment. The purpose of a feasibility assessment is to determine whether the engineer's project can proceed into the design phase. This is based on two criteria: the project needs to be based on an achievable idea, and it needs to be within cost constraints. It is of utmost importance to have an engineer with experience and good judgment to be involved in this portion of the feasibility study, for they know whether the engineer's project is possible or not.

Establishing the design requirements. Establishing design requirements is one of the most important elements in the design process, and this task is normally performed at the same time as the feasibility analysis. The design requirements control the design of the project throughout the engineering design process. Some design requirements include hardware and software parameters, maintainability, availability, and testability.

Preliminary design. The preliminary design bridges the gap between the design concept and the detailed design phase. In this task, the overall system configuration is defined, and schematics, diagrams, and layouts of the project will provide early project configuration. During detailed design and optimization, the parameters of the part being created will change, but the preliminary design focuses on creating the general framework to build the project on.

Detailed design. The detailed design portion of the engineering design process is the task where the engineer can completely describe a product through solid modeling and drawings. Some specifications include:

- Operating parameters

- Operating and non-operating environmental stimuli

- Test requirements

- External dimensions

- Maintenance and testability provisions

- Materials requirements

- Reliability requirements

- External surface treatment

- Design life

- Packaging requirements

- External marking

Production planning and tool design. The production planning and tool design is nothing more than planning how to mass-produce the project and which tools should be used in the manufacturing of the part. Tasks to complete in this step include selecting the material, selection of the production processes, determination of the sequence of operations, and selection of tools, such as jigs, fixtures, and tooling. This task also involves testing a working prototype to ensure the created part meets qualification standards.

Production. With the completion of qualification testing and prototype testing, the engineering design process is finalized. The part must now be manufactured, and the machines must be inspected regularly to make sure that they do not break down and slow production.

 

3. Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

feasibility	осуществимость, реализуемость
ideation	формирование идей
sketch	эскиз
synectics	поиск творческих идей
brainstorming	мозговой штурм
experience	опыт
maintainability	ремонтопригодность
layout	план, расположение
dimensions	размеры, габариты
treatment	обработка
marking	маркировка
sequence	последовательность
prototype	опытный, производственный образец

Задание II

1. Определите по формальным признакам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова, и переведите их:

Conceptualization, significant, applicable, available, government, mental, importance, testability, completely, reliability, external, fixture

 

2. Прочитайте следующие существительные и определите, от каких глаголов они образованы:

Assessment, consideration, judgment, configuration, optimization, provision, determination, qualification

Задание III

1. Подберите эквиваленты к глаголам, обозначенным цифрами:

1. proceed (into)	a) выполнять
2. identify	b) производить
3. generate	с) определять, выявлять
4. perform	d) обеспечивать
5. focus on	e) завершать
6. describe	f) переходить
7. ensure	g) проверять, производить осмотр
8. finalize	h) описывать
9. manufacture	i) сосредотачиваться
10. inspect	j) создавать

2. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами:

1. принятие решений	a) feasibility assessment
2. потребности рынка	b) decision making
3. обратное проектирование	c) design life
4. оценка осуществимости	d) environmental stimulus
5. ограничение на расходы	e) reverse engineering
6. моделирование объемных объектов	f) cost constraint
7. экологический стимул	g) marketplace needs
8. проектный срок службы	h) solid modeling