Development of society's needs

The last three decades in the world's development have been characterized by the increasingly pressing nature of global problems that are of concern to the whole of mankind. The accelerated growth of the productive forces, the increasing physical and economic internationalization of the modern world combined with the global scale of world political processes have gen­erated a whole set of organically inter­twined global factors which are increasingly affecting the shaping of mankind's future.

A place of prominence among these global problems belongs to preservation of the natural environment on our planet and ensuring the national use of its resources, which has for the first time in history come to be an objective reality.

Several decades ago the Russian scientist V.I.Vernadsky wrote: «In the twentieth century, for the first time in the history of the Earth, Man has learned about, and extended his activities to, the whole of the biosphere; he has completed the Earth's geographical map and has settled throughout the length and breadth of the globe. In its way of life, mankind has become a single whole».

Scientific and technological process has equipped mankind with a previously unheard-of powerful means of harnessing and utilising the forces of nature. The in­creasing scale of society's impact on the environment has, however, created a dan­ger of polluting and destroying it.

The present ecological conflict threat­ens to deplete the non-renewable resources of nature and to pollute the biosphere. This is why the further development of the productive forces will make it increas­ingly imperative to work out special meas­ures to reduce the rapid build-up of the pressure on the environment on the part of economic system.

The global industrialisation of eco­nomic activity, the growing population of the globe, the unprecedented concentra­tion of the means of production and peo­ple in the major cities, etc. carry the threat of increasing pressure on the envi­ronment and on the totality of the natural resources. The resulting ecological conflict i$ now becoming a recognized factor in the economic and social development of society. Its consequences are literally be­ing felt in all the links and levels of na­tional economies.

The present ecological conflict threat­ens to deplete the non-renewable resources of nature and to pollute the biosphere. This is why the further development of the productive forces will be making it in­creasingly imperative to work out meas­ures to reduce the rapid build-up of the pressure on the environment on the part of economic systems.

 

2.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) a global computer network;

2) the increasingly pressing nature of problems;

3) to extend the activities;

4) throughout the length and breadth of the globe;

5) society's impact on the environment;

6) increasingly imperative;

7) pressure on the environment;

8) preservation of the natural environment;

9) the development of the productive forces;

10) the global industrialisation of eco­nomic activity.

 

 

3.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1) экологический конфликт;

2) экономическая система;

3) опасность загрязнения;

4) глобальные факторы;

5) военный эксперимент;

6) объективная реальность;

7) глобальные проблемы;

8) нужды общества;

9) выжить в ядерной войне;

10) телекоммуникационные системы.

4.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:

 

1) to inform;

2) net;

3) reliable;

4) act;

5) to preserve;

6) man;

7) industrial;

8) to develop;

9) threat;

10) precedent.

 

5.Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему; б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6.Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: времена группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future Active& Passive); глаголы to be, to have; конструкция there is, there are; все типы вопросов; степени сравнения прилагательных; модальные глаголы:

1.It was designed to survive a nuclear war.

2.Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one com­puter to another.

3. Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50 %) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other coun­tries.

4. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions, and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide.

5. The most popular Internet service is e-mail.

6.However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

7. The present ecological conflict threat­ens to deplete the non-renewable resources of nature and to pollute the biosphere.

7.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the Internet?

2. What was the Internet originally designed for?

3. What country are most of the Internet host computers in?

4. What is the most popular Internet service?

5. Whom do you have to pay for sending e-mail messages?

6.What created a dan­ger of polluting and destroying the environment?

7.What carries the threat of increasing pressure on the envi­ronment and on the totality of the natural resources?