Завдання 1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

Варіант 2

Завдання 1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

A partnership is a business that is jointly owned by two or more people who have combined their talents and resources for the purpose of earning a profit. Partnerships are most common in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, stockbrokerage, but they are also found in manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing.

The most common form of partnership is a general partnership. General partners own the business, work in it and share the profits and losses. They are responsible for the management of the business and usually agree with each other before making any major decisions.

There may be a special type of partnership, called limited partnership. Limited partners are only liable for the amount they have invested in the business. They are usually not involved in the management of the firm.

Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government.

Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. The major disadvantage is unlimited financial liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. But one of the greatest problems in partnerships is that partners may disagree with each other causing management conflicts.

COMMENTS

1. stockbrokerage/stockbroking — біржове маклерство

2. wholesaling and retailing — оптова та роздрібна торгівля

3. general partnership — товариство з необмеженою відповідальністю

4. limited partnership — товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю

5. tax benefits — податкові пільги

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Завдання 2. Знайдіть еквіваленти:

партнерство; отримувати прибуток; біржове маклерство; товариство з необмеженою відповідальністю; ділити прибуток та збитки; оптова та роздрібна торгівля; юриспруденція; бухгалтерський облік; виробництво; перевага; товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю; управління бізнесом; бути відповідальним за щось; одноосібна власність; одержувати податкові пільги від уряду; приймати рішення; головний недолік.

Завдання 3. Заповніть пропуски відповідними термінами:

The profits; losses; tax benefits; the management; general partners; sole proprietorships; wholesaling; unlimited financial liability; limited partners.

1. Partnerships are also found in manufacturing,________ and retailing. 2.________ are the partners with unlimited liability. 3. General partners own the business, work in it and share and _______________________________________________. 4. General partners are responsible for of the business. 5. Partnerships have more advantages than____. 6. The major disadvantage of a partnership is_______________________________________________. 7. ________________ are usually not involved in the management of the firm. 8. Partnerships very often receive__________________ from the government.

Завдання 4. Доповніть наступні речення:

1. A partnership is a business that.... 2. Partnerships are most common in.... 3. The most common form of partnership is.... 4. All partners are responsible for.... 5. There may be a special type of partnership, called.... 6. Limited partners are only liable.... 7. They are usually not involved.... 8. Like sole proprietorship partnerships are.... 9. The major disadvantage of a partnership is.... 10. One of the greatest problems in partnerships is....

Grammar exercises

R) somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere.

1.1 felt my bag....

2.1 don't want to stay at home. Do you want to go...?

3. Did you go... last Sunday.

4. It' s winter. There is a lot of snow....

5. She will go... tomorrow. She will stay at home.

Варіант З

Nearly 90 per cent of all business is done by corporations. A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. People, who would like to form a corporation, must file for permission in the state where the business will have its headquarters. If approved, a charter, government document that gives permission to create a corporation, is granted. The charter states the name of the company, address, рифове of business etc.

The charter specifies the number of shares of stock, or ownership parts of the firm. These shares are certificates of ownership and are sold to investors called shareholders or stockholders. The money is then used to set up corporation. If the corporation is profitable it will eventually issue dividend or a check, representing a portion of the corporate profits to shareholders.

There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The major advantage is the ability to acquire greater financial resources than other forms of ownership. The next advantage is that the corporation attracts a large amount of capital and can invest it in plants, equipment and research. It can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists. Corporations have great capacity for growth and expansion.

Corporations face some major disadvantages. It is difficult and expensive to organize a corporation. The process of obtaining a charter usually requires the services of a lawyer. Most small firms prefer to avoid these expenses by forming proprietorships and partnerships. There is also an extra tax on corporate profits. The government taxes corporate income in addition to the taxes paid by shareholders on their dividends.

COMMENTS

1. file for permission — звернутися за дозволом

2. the number of shares of stock — кількість акцій основного капіталу

3. certificates of ownership — свідоцтво про власність

4. shareholder/stockholder — акціонер; власник акцій

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Завдання 2. Заповніть пропуски відповідними термінами:

Grammar exercises

Варіант 2

Завдання 1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

A partnership is a business that is jointly owned by two or more people who have combined their talents and resources for the purpose of earning a profit. Partnerships are most common in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, stockbrokerage, but they are also found in manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing.

The most common form of partnership is a general partnership. General partners own the business, work in it and share the profits and losses. They are responsible for the management of the business and usually agree with each other before making any major decisions.

There may be a special type of partnership, called limited partnership. Limited partners are only liable for the amount they have invested in the business. They are usually not involved in the management of the firm.

Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government.

Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. The major disadvantage is unlimited financial liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. But one of the greatest problems in partnerships is that partners may disagree with each other causing management conflicts.

COMMENTS

1. stockbrokerage/stockbroking — біржове маклерство

2. wholesaling and retailing — оптова та роздрібна торгівля

3. general partnership — товариство з необмеженою відповідальністю

4. limited partnership — товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю

5. tax benefits — податкові пільги

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Завдання 2. Знайдіть еквіваленти:

партнерство; отримувати прибуток; біржове маклерство; товариство з необмеженою відповідальністю; ділити прибуток та збитки; оптова та роздрібна торгівля; юриспруденція; бухгалтерський облік; виробництво; перевага; товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю; управління бізнесом; бути відповідальним за щось; одноосібна власність; одержувати податкові пільги від уряду; приймати рішення; головний недолік.

Завдання 3. Заповніть пропуски відповідними термінами: