The profits; losses; tax benefits; the management; general partners; sole proprietorships; wholesaling; unlimited financial liability; limited partners.

1. Partnerships are also found in manufacturing,________ and retailing. 2.________ are the partners with unlimited liability. 3. General partners own the business, work in it and share and _______________________________________________. 4. General partners are responsible for of the business. 5. Partnerships have more advantages than____. 6. The major disadvantage of a partnership is_______________________________________________. 7. ________________ are usually not involved in the management of the firm. 8. Partnerships very often receive__________________ from the government.

Завдання 4. Доповніть наступні речення:

1. A partnership is a business that.... 2. Partnerships are most common in.... 3. The most common form of partnership is.... 4. All partners are responsible for.... 5. There may be a special type of partnership, called.... 6. Limited partners are only liable.... 7. They are usually not involved.... 8. Like sole proprietorship partnerships are.... 9. The major disadvantage of a partnership is.... 10. One of the greatest problems in partnerships is....

Grammar exercises

Завдання 5. Вставте пропущені займенники. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

а) some, any, no.

1. Are there... books on the shelf?

2.There are... new schools in my district.

3. Only... students came in time.

4. She bought... books but she didn't buy... magazines.

5. Do you want... milk?

•

б) something, anything, nothing, everything.

1. They don't know... about it.

2. Would you like... special for dinner?

3. This pupil wants to know... about animals.

4. Will you have... to eat?

5. There is... in the box.

в) somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody.

1. The train was almost empty. There wasn't... on it.

2.... came to visit my friend when he was ill.

3. Did you ask... to help you?

4.... has taken my pen.

5.... helped him.

R) somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere.

1.1 felt my bag....

2.1 don't want to stay at home. Do you want to go...?

3. Did you go... last Sunday.

4. It' s winter. There is a lot of snow....

5. She will go... tomorrow. She will stay at home.

Завдання 6. Розкрийте дужки добираючи відповідно до правила узгодження часів необхідну видо-часову форму дієслів. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. other asked me to stay at home as the weather (is/was) bad. 2. The man said he (has never been/had never been) to Kyiv. 3. Jane told us she (will be working/would be working) the whole day on Sunday. 4. The man said that (there is/there was) not room for us. 5. Barry said that he (think/thought) he (has left/had left) his watch at home. 6. She told me she (is not surprised/was not surprised) at the news as she (know/knew) it. 7. Liz said she (can borrow/could borrow) me the newspapers as she (has finished/had finished) with it. 8. The boy said he (is afraid/was afraid) he (has broken/had broken) my vase. 9. They said they (don't understand/didn't understand) why he (has been/had been) late. 10. He said it (will be/would be) difficult to go back.

Завдання 7. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою, використовуючи first, second and third conditionals.

1. Я подзвоню тобі, якщо матиму час. 2. Якщо ця сукня коштуватиме надто дорого, я куплю іншу. 3. Якщо бар буде надто людним ми підемо в інший. 4. Якби діти були тут вони б допомогли батькам. 5. Якби ми побачили їх завтра ми б віддали їм ключі. 6. якби учень був уважним він не зробив би стільки помилок. 7. Якби він склав останній іспит, він би вступив до університету. 8. Ми пішли б на ту вечірку, якби знайшли няньку для малюка. 9. Щоб вони зробили якби я не позичив їм грошей? 10. Мені б захотілось щоб батьки подарували мені машину. 11. На твоєму місці я б...

 

Варіант З

Nearly 90 per cent of all business is done by corporations. A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. People, who would like to form a corporation, must file for permission in the state where the business will have its headquarters. If approved, a charter, government document that gives permission to create a corporation, is granted. The charter states the name of the company, address, рифове of business etc.

The charter specifies the number of shares of stock, or ownership parts of the firm. These shares are certificates of ownership and are sold to investors called shareholders or stockholders. The money is then used to set up corporation. If the corporation is profitable it will eventually issue dividend or a check, representing a portion of the corporate profits to shareholders.

There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The major advantage is the ability to acquire greater financial resources than other forms of ownership. The next advantage is that the corporation attracts a large amount of capital and can invest it in plants, equipment and research. It can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists. Corporations have great capacity for growth and expansion.

Corporations face some major disadvantages. It is difficult and expensive to organize a corporation. The process of obtaining a charter usually requires the services of a lawyer. Most small firms prefer to avoid these expenses by forming proprietorships and partnerships. There is also an extra tax on corporate profits. The government taxes corporate income in addition to the taxes paid by shareholders on their dividends.

COMMENTS

1. file for permission — звернутися за дозволом

2. the number of shares of stock — кількість акцій основного капіталу

3. certificates of ownership — свідоцтво про власність

4. shareholder/stockholder — акціонер; власник акцій

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Завдання 2. Заповніть пропуски відповідними термінами: