Discuss the following, giving your arguments for or against.

 

1. You prefer to live in a big town. Your friend is of a different opinion, he prefers to live in a small, provincial town.

2. A big industrial city is a dangerous place to live.

 

7. Speak on:

1. Places of interest in Samara.

2. The centre of Samara.

3. The beautiful and interesting places you have visited in Samara.

4. Describe a busy street, a shopping centre in Samara.

 

8. Illustrate the proverbs:

1. East or West, home is best.

2. Rome was not built in a day.

 

POINT OF GRAMMAR

Kinds of Sentences

 

Normally, a sentence expresses a relationship, conveys a command, voices a question, or describes someone or something. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.

 

The basic parts of a sentence are the subject and the predicate. The subject is usually a noun - a word that names a person, place, or thing. The predicate (or verb) usually follows the subject and identifies an action or a state of being. See if you can identify the subject and the predicate in each of the following short sentences:

 

 

•The hawk soars.

•The widows weep.

•My daughter is a wrestler.

•The wrestlers are tired.

 

In each of these sentences, the subject is a noun: hawk, widows, daughter, and children. The verbs in the first two sentences – soars, weep – show action and answer the question, "What does the subject do?" The verbs in the last two sentences – is, are – are called linking verbs because they link the subject with a word that renames it (wrestler) or describes it (tired).

 

1. Declarative sentences (affirmative, negative)

Interrogative sentences

a.general question (rise) –

Is your sister a good pupil?

B.alternative question -

Is your sister a good pupil or a good student?

Is your sister a good or a bad pupil?

Is your sister a good pupil or is your brother a good pupil?

= Is your sister or is your brother a good pupil?

Is your sister a good pupil or is his sister a good pupil?

= Is your sister or is his sister a good pupil?

c.special question (low fall)

Whose sister is a good pupil? Who is a good pupil?

D.disjunctive question

- Your sister is a good pupil, isn’t she?

3.Imperative sentences (affirmative, negative)

Close the door. Don’t close the door.

Exclamatory sentences

What a nice day!

 

Interrogative sentences (am/is/are)

Making questions

• Questions are formed for all tenses except present simple and past simple by

changing the position of the auxiliary verb {am, was, will, etc.) and the

subject (I, you, she, he, etc.):

You 're going à Are you going?

He has gone à Has he gone?

• Questions are formed for the present simple and past simple by using do,

does, or did:

They work here. Do they work here?

She lived here. Did she live here?

positive question

I am Am I?

 

he

she is Is he/ she/ it?

it

 

we

you are Are we/you/they?

they

 

-‘ Is your mother at home?’ – ‘No, she’s out.’

-‘ Is it cold in your room?’ – ‘Yes, a little’

- Those shoes are nice. Are they new?

- Are books expensive in your country?

 

-‘How old is Joe?’ – ‘ He’s 24.’

-‘What colour is your car?’ – ‘ It’s blue’

what ’s = what is who ’s = who is how ’ s= how is where ’s = where is

-What’s the time? -What’s that man?

-Where’s Jill? -How’s your father?

 

short answers

Yes, I am. No, I’ m not.

Yes, he/she/it is. No, he ’s /she ’s /it’ s not. or No, he/she/it isn’t.

Yes, we/you/they are. No, we ’r e/you ’re /they’ re not. or No, we/you/they aren’t.

 

- Are you tired? Yes, I am.

- Are you hungry? No, I’m not but I’m thirsty.

- Is h e English? Yes, he is.

- Is Ann at work today? No she isn’t.

- Is this seat free? Yes, it is.

- Am I late? No, you are not.

1. Write questions from these words. Use am/is/are:

1 (your mother at home?) ……Is your mother at home ……?

2 (your parents at home?).................................................................... at home?

3 (this hotel expensive?)...................................................................................?

4 (you interested in art?)....................................................................................?

5 (the shops open today?)....................................................................................?

6 (the park open today?).....................................................................................?

2. Write questions with What/Who/How/Where/Why...? Use am/is/are:

1 (what colour your car?) What colour is your car?

2 (where my key?) Where.......................................................................................?

3 (where my socks?)...................................................................................................?

4 (how old your father?) How..............................................................................?

5 (what colour his eyes?).........................................................................................?

6 (why John angry with me?).............................................................................?

7 (how much these shoes?).........................................................................................?

8 (who your favourite actor?)......................................................................................?

9 (why you always late?).........................................................................................?

 

3. Ask the questions (Read the answers to the questions first):

You Paul.

1 (your name?) What’s your name?……………............................ Paul.

2 (married or single?) ..Are you married or single..........................? I'm married.

3 (British?)......................................................................................? No, I'm not.

4 (where / from?)............................................................................? From Australia.

5 (how old?)..................................................................................? I'm 25.

6 (a student?)..................................................................................? No, I'm a teacher.

7 (your wife a teacher?).................................................................? No, she's a lawyer.

8 (where / from?)...........................................................................? She's Italian.

9 (her name?)..................................................................................? Anna.

10 (how old?)....................................................................................? She's 25 too.

4. Write positive or negative short answers (Yes, I am / No, he isn't etc.).

1 Are you married?..No, I’m not 6 Is it dark now?.........................................

2 Are you tall?...... Yes, I am 7 Are your hands cold?.............................

3 Is it cold today? 8 Are you hungry?.....................................

4 Are you a teacher? 9Is your father tall?...................................

5 Are you tired? 10 Is it sunny?...............................................

 

5. Make four different types of questions questions from these statements:

1 She likes travelling

Does she like travelling? What does she like doing? Does she like travelling or cooking? She likes traveling, does not she?

2 They're working.

Are they working?

3 He was playing tennis.

4 She went to school today.

5 They live here.

6 She's eating at the moment.

7 They drove to the station.

8 She's reading.-

9 He had breakfast early.

10 They came today.

11 She drives to work.

12 He left this morning.

13 He was writing a letter.

14 They watched television.

15 She's at home.

16 They went home.

17 She likes horror films.

18 He's walking home.

19 They were eating ice cream.

20 They gave him the money.

 

WORD ORDER