Translate the text into Russian.

 

4. Use each of the following word combinations in sentences of your own:

territory

travel across Russia by train

intact beautiful forests

The climate ranges from temperate to continental

the climate is fully continental

warm, humid monsoon conditions

short-term

long-term

court

the borders of Ukraine and Kazakhstan

at a rapid rate

fishing industry

ethnic groups

Tatars

Ukrainians

Bashkirs

Chuvash

Chechens

Armenians

Preschool

basic general education

secondary vocational education

Retell the text.

Top Sixteen Reasons for Studying a Foreign Language: give your reasons for studying languages and fill in the gaps.

1. In case you end up becoming a ________________ for your government.
2. In case you end up becoming _________________ on international flights.
3. To correctly ____________ at a foreign food restaurant.
4. To study _____________.
5. To understand the words to foreign songs like _____________ and ______________.
6. To be able to ________________.
7. To travel ________________ with more ease.
8. To increase your chances of getting ________________.
9. Learning foreign languages opens up _________________________ that didn’t even exist several years ago.
10. In case your _________________ is from another country
11. To impress _____________.
12. Businessmen want to pick up foreign languages because ________________________ on a large scale over the world.
13. Some people learn foreign languages just to _______________________ during their spare time. They want to __________________________ in different languages.
14. People also read _______________________ that helps them open a new world, to learn about other peoples’ cultures, because language is a manifestation of the culture.
15. Students ____________________ to be better educated.
16. Scientists and engineers must learn foreign languages in order not to _________________. They are greatly interested in the achievements in the science and technology in other countries. Besides, a lot of handbooks, manuals and technical specifications are _____________________.

POINT OF GRAMMAR

The Articles

an + v owel [әn]: an u mbrella, an ocean, an economist

a + c onsonant [ә]: a b all, a b oy, a book

 

The Indefinite Article.

-a = 'one'.

• a (or an) is used with countable nouns to indicate one.

Can I have a cup of tea?

I've got a daughter and two sons.

• a is not used before a plural noun (NOT I've got a sons).

• a is not used before uncountable nouns (NOT I want a petrol, please). But we use it when there is an adjective which describes the noun: a highly educated population, an important role

Don't forget a:

—Do you want a cup of tea? (not 'Do you want cup of tea?')

—Alice works in a bank, (not 'in bank')

—I want to ask a question, (not 'ask question')

—When I was a child, I liked reading stories.

- Birmingham is a large city in central England.

-an (not a) before a/e/i/o/u:

—They live in an old house, (not 'a old house.')

—A mouse is an animal. It's a small animal.

—Can you give me an example, please?

- This is an interesting book.

- I bought a hat and an umbrella.

also an hour (‘h’ is not pronounced: an (h)our)

but a university a European country

We use a/an for jobs etc.:

- 'What's your job?'

'I'm a dentist. ' (not 'I'm dentist.')

- 'What does she do?' 'She's an engineer.

- Would you like to be a teacher?

- Beethoven was a composer.

- Picasso was a famous painter.

- Are you a student?

another (an + other) is one word (not 'an other'):

- Can I have another cup of coffee?

- Open another window. It's very hot.

 

Fill in the indefinite article: a or an.

apple ball cat doll egg fat grass

hat Indian jam kite lamb man orange

nurse onion purse queen rain star train

umbrella van watch box yacht zoo object

Enumerate the nouns that need an indefinite article. Which nouns from the list need no article at all?

Family Relations:

sister brother widow widower child children daughter son stepmother stepfather stepsister half brother

mother (Mum) father (Dad) husband wife parents bachelor mother-in-law father-in-law sister-in-law daughter-in-law son-in-law cousin

spinster niece nephew uncle aunt grandparents grandmother (Granny) grandfather grandchildren granddaughter grandson twins