To leave, to go, to see, to live, to fly, to die

1. I didn’t read the text in class because I … my book at home.

2. The children didn’t want to go to the cinema because they... already... the film.

3. Kate wasn’t at home last week because she... to visit her uncle.

4. Linda never knew her father because he... before she was born.

5. I was excited when the plane took off because I... never... before.

6. My grandfather was always afraid of animals because he... never... in the country.

 

Exercise 117. Complete the sentences using Past Perfect.

1. I watched a new film after…

2. I went for a walk after…

3. I fell asleep after…

4. I began to read a book after…

5. I helped my mother about the house after…

6. I administered the drug after…

7. I started the experiment after…

 

Exercise118. Put the verbs in the brackets in the appropriate tense.

1. The patient (to be) under medical care before the surgeon (to begin) the operation.

2. They (to isolate) some strains of this virus before they (to start) a new set of experiments.

3. My experiments (to fail) because I (choose) the wrong method.

4. The patient (to sleep) well before the nurse (to come).

5. We (to accumulate) certain experience before we (to decide) to perform this operation.

6. I (to publish) seven articles by the end of last year.

7. The assistant (to disinfect) the instruments before the operation began.

8. We (to perform) numerous experiments before we published new data on the main functions of leucocytes.

 

Exercise 119. Translate from Russian into English.

 

1. Ветеринар пришел к 5 часам. 2. Студенты осмотрели больное животное до того, как пришел врач. 3. Помощник приготовил инструменты до того, как началась операция. 4. Мы опубликовали статью после того, как провели эксперимент. 5. К концу месяца мы закончили наше исследование. 6. Я пошел гулять с собакой после того, как накормил ее. 7. Студенты изучали биологию до того, как начали изучать биохимию. 8. Мы перевели статью к четвергу. 9. Мы обнаружили определенные изменения в тканях после того, как провели исследование.

 

Сравните Past Perfect, Past Continuous и Past Simple:

Past Perfect	Past Continuous	Past Simple
Действие в прошлом, которое произошло ранее другого прошлого действия.	Длительное действие в прошлом, которое может прерываться другим действием в прошлом.	Действия в прошлом, которые следуют одно за другим.
They had eaten dinner when their friends came.	They were eating dinner when their friends came.	They ate dinner and went for a walk.

 

Exercise 120. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Continuous.

1. They … (walk) in the park when the storm broke.

2. Andy was glad to hear that he … (pass) the exam.

3. The doctor … (examine) our dog yesterday.

4. The doctor … (examine) our dog when it started barking.

5. The doctor … (examine) our dog and administered the drug.

6. We … (clean) the instruments before the operation began.

7. I … (make) a report when somebody came into the class.

8. He felt terrible because he … (have) a heart attack.

9. I knew that the patient … (suffer) from pneumonia.

10. He understood that microorganisms … (enter) the animal’s body through the digestive tract.

 

Exercise 121. Translate the sentences paying attention to the tense of the predicate.

 

1. The patient had restored his health by the end of September.

2. The patient had had a flu before they took him to the clinic.

3. He had undergone medical therapy before the operation.

4. The doctor had observed an unusual case of mitral valve disease (аномалия митрального клапана) before he reported on it at the conference.

5. I had read the book by the end of semester.

6. The students had finished their practice by October.

7. Two pigs had shown some symptoms of indigestion by the end of the week.

8. The assistant had given water to the sick animal before the vet came to the farm.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

will have + Past Participle

Утвердительная форма I will have seen (I’ll have seen) We’ll have seen You’ll have seen They’ll have seen He’ll have seen	Отрицательная форма I won’t have seen We won’t have seen You won’t have seen They won’t have seen He won’t have seen
Вопросительная форма
Will I have seen?	Will we have seen?
Will you have seen?
Will he (she) have seen?	Will they have seen?

 

Future Perfect Tense употребляется:

для обозначения действия, завершенного к определенному моменту в будущем (с предлогом by)	By this time next week they will have left the town.
для выражения будущего действия, которое завершится раньше, чем другое действие в будущем	I hope you will have recovered before I return from my leave.

 

Exercise 122. Put the verbs in the brackets in the Future Perfect Tense.

 

1. Phone me after 8 o’clock. We (finish) dinner by then.

2. Tim is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this, he (spend) all his money before the end of his holiday.

3. By next month I (be) in Moscow for exactly one year.

4. By the end of the trip, she (travel) more than 3,000 miles.

5. I hope I (buy) my own flat by the time I’m thirty-five.

6. When you come on Friday she (type) your article.

 

Exercise 123. Complete the sentences using Future Perfect of the verbs in the box.

 

to be, to leave, to make, to cook, to finish, to translate, to learn, to have

 

1. Helen … this pretty doll by her daughter’s birthday.

2. Steven … his lesson by tomorrow.

3. I … student for 7 years by next September.

4. I … dinner by 3 o’clock.

5. By Tuesday Jill … these novels by O’Henry.

6. Fernando … his operation by August and should be much fitter.

7. I … this document by 7 p.m. this afternoon.

8. The train … by the time you get to the station.

 

Сравните употребление Future Continuous и Future Perfect Continuous

Don’t call me between 7 and 8. We’ll be havingdinner then. (“We will be doing something” = We will be in the middle of doing something)

Call me after 8 o’clock. We’ll have finisheddinner by then. (“We will have done” = Something will be already complete)

 

Exercise 124. Put the verb in brackets into the Future Continuous or Future Perfect Continuous.

1. Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to examine animals on the farm from 3 o’clock until 4.30. So at 4 o’clock we … (examine) animals.

2. – Will you be free at 6 o’clock? – Yes, the examination … (finish) by that time.

3. This time tomorrow we … (check) the results of the experiment.

4. I promise that we … (check) the results of the experiment by 9 o’clock.

5. Do you think you still … (do) the same job in ten years’ time?

6. I … (be) here for a year by January.

7. She won’t be at home at 10 o’clock. She … (write) a test.

8. She … (write) a test by 5 o’clock tonight.

 

Exercise 125. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.

1. My grandmother is very old. She … (be) ninety next month.

2. I’m afraid I … (fail) my exams this year.

3. This time next week, they … (lie) on a sandy beach.

4. The film … (start) by the time they get to the cinema.

5. Martin … (do) the work by Sunday evening.

6. The lecture … (start) at 9 o’clock.

7. The veterinarian … (come) by 11 o’clock.

8. This time tomorrow, I … (work) at the clinic.

9. Tomorrow the surgeon … (operate) the patients from 5 till 7 o’clock.

10. I believe, I … (be) a good specialist.

 

Exercise 126. Translate from Russian into English.

Они закончат операцию к 3 часам. 2. К сентябрю все студенты пройдут вступительные экзамены. 3. Они построят новую клинику к концу следующего года. 4. Хирург прооперирует собаку к 6 часам. 5. Животное поправится к началу недели. 6. Мы исследуем эту проблему до начала конференции. 7. Профессор опубликует новые данные по диагностике к концу семестра. 8. Мы проведем вакцинацию стада к началу осени. 9. Он соберет образцы крови (blood samples) больных животных к концу недели.10. Надеюсь, он выздоровеет к началу семестра.

REVISION

Exercise 127. Translate the sentences. Define the tense of the predicate.

 

1. By the time the hospital is built, we’ll have graduated from the Academy.

2. Some scientists had worked in the laboratory before they started their work at the University.

3. Since the 19^th century scientists have made great progress in genetic experiments.

3. The surgeon hasn’t discharged this patient from the clinic yet.

4. All of these patients had had positive results before the operation.

5. Prof. Dmitriev has just delivered his lecture on the exchange of gases in the lungs.

6. The doctor hasn’t prolonged the treatment because the patient feels well.

7. Vet’s assistants will have collected urine samples of sick animals by tomorrow.

8. I’ll have read this book by the end of the week.

 

Exercise 128. Put questions to the underlined words. Start them with the words given in the brackets.

 

1. This year we have used new techniques in our experiments. (What…)

2. They have already proved that a new drug against cancer is effective. (What …)

3. This surgeon has recently performed a new kind of operation. (When…)