Здорове харчування. Займенник

Vocabulary

· healthy food – здорова їжа

· to develop, to be slim, in a good fit and mood – розвиватися, бути струнким, в хорошій формі та настрої

· to prevent from – запобігати

· sea products, cereal – морські продукти, крупи

· to be an essential part of – бути невід’ємною частиною

· to cut down on – обмежувати в

Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:

Healthy food helps people to develop, to be slim, in a good fit and mood. It prevents us from illnesses, it gives us energy and it is the source of power. What people eat is very important. To be healthy is not so hard, the first thing you can do – you can start from food.

You should eat fish and other sea products. So in the morning it is good to have some cheese with kefir, then tea with two sandwiches. At dinner vegetable soup, a salad and fried fish are very perfect decision. For supper you can eat a salad and fruit.

For somebody food is a source of pleasure, for others - a source of energy. Healthy food should be quite simple. We should know that we do need fat to live, it's an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn't exist without it.

So people should eat all kinds of milk products, especially kefir, cheese. Cereals are also an essential part of healthy lifestyle. Also it is important to consume different kinds of salads, dressed with olive oil or sour cream and all kinds of potato dishes. Eat less salt, sugar and fat, which can be in meat, dairy products; crisps, cakes, biscuits and chocolate. But bitter chocolate or home-made jams can be also useful for everyone. To be healthy means also to drink a lot. People should drink natural juices or mineral water, it is very necessary for your skin and organism. To have good red dry wine is also a good procedure to be healthy. Many doctors say that red wine in reasonable quantities is very good for health. Eat regularly — your body needs a steady flow of energy. Don’t forget about vitamins and minerals in your food.

The food we eat depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence.

Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating:

First, we should eat less fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt.

Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables and drink a lot. Be healthy!

 

 

Exercise 2: Answer the questions:

1. Is healthy food important? What can it to for us?

2. Is it hard to be healthy? What can we start from?

3. What should we eat for breakfast \ dinner \ supper?

4. What should people eat to be healthy?

5. What should people drink to be healthy?

6. What is food for you: a source of pleasure or a source of energy?

7. Do you eat healthy food? What healthy products do you eat?

8. Why is to drink a lot so important and healthy?

9. Why are fruits and vegetables important?

10. What does food depend on?

11. What are the main factors to be healthy? What should people do?

 

 

Exercise 3: Fill in:

Healthy Food

It’s very important to choose the right food nowadays. Healthy and balanced diet is … for every person. When the body is healthy, the mind will also be healthy. Different types of food … of different nutrients for our body. Some of them have carbohydrates, some proteins or fats, some vitamins and ….

Many people think that fat is bad for people and they try to cut … it. There is even a special line of products, called low-fat. The problem is that we do need some kinds of fat, but such fats from animal products, like red meat, … and cheese, can be really bad for health. Friendly fats can be found in avocados, nuts, olives and fish, and in some other …. Some people cut down on too much sugar and salt, which is also a good idea. One of the healthiest types of food is … and vegetables. More and more people tend to grow fruit and vegetables in their own gardens, instead of buying them. Another problem is modified food. It’s much … than ordinary food, which is why people often buy it, but such food can cause dangerous diseases. The food depends on people’s culture, religion, beliefs, health and other factors such as: less fat, sugar and …; and more water, vitamins, fresh fruit and vegetables.

 

Down on 2) useful 3) products 4) fruit 5) salt 6) consist 7) minerals 8) butter 9) cheaper

 

Exercise 4: Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below:

bill fast food cookery books eat out ingredients tip

dish menu take-away waiter snack recipe

 

I’m a terrible cook. I’ve tried hard but it’s no use. I’ve got lots of (a)____, I choose a (b) ____ I want to cook, I read the (c) ____, I prepare all the necessary (d) ____ and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwich or some other quick (e) ____. So I often (f) ____. I don’t like grand restaurants. It’s not the expense, it’s just that I don’t feel at ease in them. First the (g) ____ gives me a (h) ____ which I can’t understand because it’s complicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end of the meal when I pay the (i) ____ I never know how much to leave as a (j) ____. I prefer (k) ____ places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And I like (l) ____ places,

where you buy a meal in a special container and take it home.

Exercise 5: Not everyone is happy with their experience when eating out. Look at the list of complaints below and decide which category you would put each one in then fill in the table below:

 

the carrots were raw a fly in the soup burned meat

thin wine salt cellar was empty loud music

it was too slow he was rude the lights were too bright dirty carpets

overcooked vegetables it wasn’t bubbly cigarette smell

it wasn’t chilled enough it was sour it was too greasy

tables too close together no towels in the toilet

his fingernails were dirty something spilled on the table-cloth

 

Food	the carrots were raw
Service
Decor
Atmosphere
Drink
Hygiene

Grammatical Topic

THE PRONOUN (Займенник)

· Займенники в англійській мові поділяються на 11 груп: особові (personal pronouns), присвійні (possessive pronouns), зворотні (reflexive pronouns), взаємні (reciprocal pronouns), вказівні (demonstrative pronouns), питальні (interrogative pronouns), сполучні (conjunctive pronouns), неозначені (indefinite pronouns), заперечні (negative pronouns), означальні (defining pronouns), кількісні (quantitative pronouns).

 

· Особові займенники мають два відмінки: називний та об’єктний:

Називний відмінок	Об’єктний відмінок
I – я he – він she – вона it – воно (він, вона) we – ми you – ти, ви they – вони	me – мене, мені him – його, йому her – її, їй it – його, йому, її, їй us – нас, нам you – тебе тобі, вас, вам them – їх, їм

 

I like this book. This book is for me. Give me this book, please.

He has not a picture. I buy this picture for him Give him this picture.

She likes dogs. This dog is for her. Give her a dog

They like salad. This salad is for them Give them a salad

 

Займенник he вживається замість іменників чоловічого роду: father, boy.

Займенник she вживається замість іменників жіночої статі: sister, girl.

Займенник it замінює іменники – назви неістот, не живих предметів, тварин та рослин: The house is large. It is new – Будинок - великий. Він новий.

 

· Присвійні займенники мають форму: залежну та незалежну:

Залежна форма	Незалежна форма	Українські відповідники
my his her its our your their	mine his hers - ours yours theirs	мій, моя, моє, мої його її його,її наш,наша,наше,наші ваш, ваше…. твій,твоя… їхній,їхня,їхнє,їхні

 

Присвійні займенники в залежній формі вживаються перед іменником:

my book – моя книжка, my table – мій стіл my window – моє вікно

his bed – його ліжко, his town – його місто

its window – його вікно (напр.. про будинок This house is big. Its window is large. – Цей будинок є великим. Його вікно велике.)

our house – наш будинок, our computer – наш комп’ютер

their house – їхній будинок

 

Присвійні займенники в незалежній формі не вживаються перед іменником:

I have a lot of books. All these books are mine. – Я маю багато книжок. Всі ці книжки мої.

He forgot a pencil. I gave him mine. – Він забув олівця. Я дав йому свого.

 

· В англійській мові немає такого присвійного займенника, що відповідав би українському займеннику «свій». Український присвійний займенник «свій» на англійську мову перекладається різними іншими присвійними займенниками залежно від особи, якої він стосується:

Я користуюсь своїми записами: I use my notes.

Ти користуєшся своїми записами: You use your notes.

Він користується своїми записами: He uses his notes.

Вона користується своїми записами: She uses her notes.

Ми користуємось своїми записами: We use our notes.

Ви користуєтеся своїми записами: You use your notes.

Вони користуються своїми записами: They use their notes.

Exercise 1: Translate into Ukrainian:

1) my book, her answer, their food, our home, his flat, our idea, your question;

2) Give him his book. This room is mine. These flowers are for her. I understand them. Give us a help. I believe you. I love her.

3) This country is really large, its forests and lakes are beautiful. Now this room is yours. I can take your coat. Listen to me.

 

Exercise 2: Make all forms from the pronouns: