Self-study materials for unit IV

The Present Perfect Tense

 

Positive

Subject	has/have	Past Participle
I
You We They	have ‘ve	livedhere for 6 years. beenteaching for years. studieda lot this term.
He	has
She	’s

 

Negative

Subject	have not / has not	Past Participle
I
	have not
You	haven’t
We	’ve not	boughtanything yet.
They		beenteaching for long. studied a lot this term.
	has not
She	hasn’t
	’s not

 

Question

have / has	Subject	(ever)	Past Participle
	I
Have	you		riddena horse?
	we
	they	(ever)	readHarry Potter?
	he		metanyone famous?
Has
	she

BBC Learning English – Grammar Challenge

Exercise I. Read the sentence and choose the one option a - c which best fits the space.

1. … in Hong Kong since 2004.

a. She lived

b. She's lived

c. She's live

2. I … him for ages.

a. seen

b. haven't saw

c. haven't seen

3. She's … the boss for 6 months now.

a. has

b. be

c. been

4. We … to France on holiday last year.

a. went

b. 've gone

c. go

5. He … had a lot of problems recently.

a. have

b. 's

c. is

6. She … four marathons. Her first one … in 2001 in Amsterdam.

a. has run / has been

b. ran / was

c. has run / was

 

Exercise 2. Look at this information about the Harry Potter writer JK Rowling. Choose the best answer from the options below to complete the sentences.

She (1) __________ born on 31 July 1965.

She (2) __________ 7 Harry Potter books and although she says she won't write any more, lots of her fans hope her seventh one won't be her last.

She (3) __________ as an English Language teacher in Portugal for a short time in the early 90s.

Her books about Harry Potter (4) __________ incredibly successful and so far she (5) __________ more than.500 million from them.

She (6) __________ married twice and has two children – one from each marriage.

Options

(1) has been / was / is

(2) writes / has wrote / has written

(3) has worked / worked / is worked

(4) have / have been / has been

(5) has made / has make / makes

(6) has / has been / was

Essential Grammar In Use. Raymond Murphy

Exercise 3. You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever….? Write the questions.

(London) Have you ever been to London? No, never.

 

(play/golf?) Have..……………………………………	Yes, many times.
(Australia?) Have ……………………………………..	No, never.
(lose/your passport?) ………………………………….	Yes, once.
(fly/in a helicopter?) …………………………………..	No, never.
(eat/Chinese food?) ……………………………………	Yes, a few times.
(New York?) …………………………………………..	Yes, twice.
(drive/a bus?)…………………………………………..	No, never.
(break/your leg) ……………………………………….	Yes, once.

 

Revision test

 

Write a ten sentences story about yourself using the Present Perfect information from grammar explanation and exercises.

Present perfect and past simple

Present Perfect (have done)

Past Simple (did)

I’ve done a lot of work today. We use the Present Perfect for a period of time that continues from the past until now. For example, today, this week, since 1985. It hasn’t rained this week. Have you seen Ann this morning? (it is still morning) Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years. I have never played golf. (in my life) The Present Perfect always has a connection with now.

I did a lot of work yesterday. We use the Past Simple for a finished time in the past. For example, yesterday, last week, from 1985 to 1991. It didn’t rain last week. Did you see Ann this morning? (it is now afternoon or evening) Did you see Ann on Sunday? Ian lived in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer. The Past Simple tells us only about the past.

Essential Grammar In Use. Raymond Murphy

Exercise 1. Use the words in brackets (…) to answer the question.

Have you seen Ann? (5 minutes ago) Yes, I saw her 5 minutes ago.

Have you started your new job? Have you friends arrived? Has Sarah gone away Have you worn your new shoes?

(last week) Yes, I ……………….. last week (at 5 o’clock) Yes, they …………………… (on Friday) Yes, …………………………… (yesterday) Yes, ……………………………

 

Exercise 2. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.

The Chinese have invented printing. WRONG: The Chinese invented.

- Do you know about Sue? She’s given up her job. ……………………….

- How many plays has Shakespeare written? ……………………..……….

- Have you read any of Shakespeare’s plays? ……………………………..

- Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher. …………………………………

- Ow! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding. ……………………………………

- My grandparents have got married in London. …………………………..

- Where have you been born? ………………………………………………

- Mary isn’t at home. She’s gone shopping. ………………………………..

- Albert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity. ………………………………………………………………….

 

Exercise 3. Put the verb into the most suitable form, Present Perfect or Past Simple.

- “Look! Somebody ………………. (spill) coffee on the carpet.” “Well, it ………….….. (not/be) me. I ……………. (not/do) it.”

- “Ben ……………………….. (break) his leg.” “Really? How …………….. (that/happen)?” “He ………………… (fall) off a ladder.”

- “Your hair looks nice. ………………………. (you/have) a haircut?” “Yes.” “Who ……………….. (cut) it? ……………….. (you/go) to the hairdresser?” “No, a friend of mine …………………… (do) it for me.”

 

Exercise 4. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.

1. I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere. …………………………….
2. Have you seen the news on television last night? ……………………..
3. I’ve bought a new car. Do you want to see it? ………………………...
4. I’ve bought a new car last week. ………………………………………
5. Where have you been yesterday evening? ……………………….…….
6. Jenny has left school in 1991. …………………………….……………
7. I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him? ……………………………
8. I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today. ………………………
9. Diane hasn’t been at work yesterday. ………………………………….
10. When has this book been published? …………………………………..

 

Exercise 5. Write a ten sentences story about your everyday life using the Present Perfect and Past Simple.

 

Revision test

- Put the verb in the Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. My friend is a writer. He ……………………….. (write) many books.
2. We ………………… (not/have) a holiday last year.
3. I ……………………. (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
4. What time ………………… (you/go) to bed last night?
5. ……………………………. (you/ever/meet) a famous person?
6. The weather …………………… (not/be) very good yesterday.
7. My hair is wet. I ……………….. (just/wash) it.
8. I ………………. (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning.
9. Kathy travels a lot. She ……………… (visit) many countries.
10. “Is Sonia here?” “No, she ………………. (not/come) yet.”

 

- Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. “Where’s your key?” “I don’t know. I ……………….. it.” (lose)
2. I ……. Very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep. (be)
3. Mary …………….. to Australia for a while but she’s back again now. (go)
4. “Where’s Ken?” “He ………….. out. He’ll be back in about an hour.” (go)
5. I did German at school but I ………………….. most of it. (forget)
6. I meant to phone Diane last night but I ……………….. (forget)
7. I ……………. A headache earlier but I feel fine now. (have)
8. Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There ………………. an accident. (be)
9. They’re still building the new road. They …………………. it. (not/finish)
10. “Is Helen still here?” “No, she ……………….. out.” (just/go)
11. The police ………………….. three people but later they let them go. (arrest)
12. Ann ………………….. me her address but I’m afraid I …………….. it. (give, lose)

Final lexical-grammatical test

 

- Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect or Past Simple.

(it/not/rain/this week) ……………………………………………………………….

(the weather/be/cold/recently) ………………………………………………………

(it/cold/last week) ……………………………………………………………………

(I/not/read/a newspaper yesterday) ………………………………………………….

(I/not/read/a newspaper today) ………………………………………………………

(Ann/earn/a lot of money/this year) ………………………………………………….

(she/not/earn/so much/ last year) …………………………………………………….

(you/have/a holiday recently?) ………………………………………………………

 

- Put the verb into the correct form, Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. I don’t know where Amy is. …………………….. (you/see) her?
2. When I ……………… (get) home last night, I ………………….. (be) very tired and I ……………….. (go) straight to bed.
3. Your car looks very clean. …………………………… (you/wash) it?
4. George ……………….. (not/be) very well last week.
5. Mr Clark ………………… (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
6. “ …………………….. (you/go) to the cinema last night?” “Yes, but it ………….. (be) a mistake. The film ………………… (be) awful.”
7. My grandfather ………………… (die) 30 years ago. I ………….. (never/meet) him.
8. I don’t know Carol’s husband. I …………………… (never/meet/him).

 

- Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.

(something you haven’t done today) ……………………………………………..

(something you haven’t done today) ……………………………………………..

(something you didn’t do yesterday) ……………………………………………..

(something you did yesterday evening) …………………………………………..

(something you haven’t done recently) …………………………………………...

(something you’ve done a lot recently) …………………………………………...

 

- Write terms to the following definitions:

1. a single integrated circuit performing the basic functions of the central processing unit in a small computer

2. to substitute a person or thing for; put in place of

3. the information operated on by a computer program

4. a part of a computer in which information is stored for immediate use by the central processing unit

5. means to give your opinion

6. the study of computers and their application

 

– Write definitions to the following terms:

1. a monitor

2. RAM

3. digital

4. analog

5. a central processing unit

6. to be a whiz at something

 

Unit V

CAREER PROSPECTS

Lesson 1

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

Give if possible definitions of the following words and word combinations and try to pronounce them correctly:

Resume, career, experience, to reflect, prospective, interviewer, to grab attention, rejection letter, guideline, to assist, competence, to focus, to tailor, to emphasize, to apply for, employment, reverse, employer, duties, background, degree, classification, potential.

 

READING TEXT

Read the following text aloud paying attention to the discussed words:

TYPES OF BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE. PREPARING YOUR RESUME

An important part of your career development is preparing an effective resume. Your resume should reflect you, your experience, and your interests. Remember, you have about 20 to 30 seconds to get the attention of the prospective interviewer, so whatever you prepare must grab the attention of the reader. Your resume can make the difference between getting an interview or a rejection letter.

While there are no set rules regarding format or style, the following guidelines will assist you in preparing an effective resume:

Decide how you want to present the information.

Functional resumes group all your training, experience, skills, and abilities into separate areas of competence. This type of resume will focus attention on the functions or jobs you can perform and the areas where you have special skills or training. These resumes can also be tailored to emphasize the skills and experience you have that match those required by the position you're applying for.

Chronological resumes of work experience are most useful for detailing long, uninterrupted periods of employment. They usually present work experience and education beginning with your present job and listing prior experience in reverse date order (ten years back is usually enough). Under your work history, list the name and address of each employer, the title of your job, and the duties you performed. Your educational background should also list most recent educational achievements and include the name and address of the school(s) you attended, degree(s) received, and/or units completed. If you have taken special software or other technical or job-related classes, list those here too.

If you have worked for more than one state agency or department, list each job separately and explain the duties you performed. Although your classification may have been the same, your duties in each job may have differed significantly. A description of the varied duties performed will give your potential employer a broader understanding of your abilities and skills.

http://www.boe.ca.gov/exams/workingyourwayup/resume.htm

READING COMPREHENSION

I. General understanding. Answer the following questions to the text:

- How can you describe the word “resume”?

- What is a resume written for?

- What are types of resumes? Describe them.

 

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

- Preparing an effective resume is an important part of your career ……………..

- Your resume can make the difference between getting an interview or a …………………….. letter.

- To emphasize the skills and experience you have these resumes can also be ……………………..

- ………………………… usually present work experience and education beginning.

III. Given below are certain statements. Write ‘T’ against true statements and ‘F’ against false statements.

- Resumes must not grab the attention of the reader.

- Functional resumes group all your training, experience, skills, and abilities into separate areas of competence.

- Don’t list special skills if you have taken software or other technical or job-related classes.

- There are strict set rules regarding format or style of resumes.

- In your resume list the name and address of each employer, the title of your job, and the duties you performed.

Speaking practice

Discuss the topic “TYPES OF BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE IN APPLYING FOR A JOB” with your partner using newly learnt words: all types of resumes and their description and the role of resumes in the career development.

 

Writing practice

I. Compose sentences as many as you can using the following words and discuss them with your partner:

Career, experience, duties, employment, degree, competence.

 

II. Read the text as many times as you can in 4 minutes. Then entitle it, make exercises to the text and tell to your partner as much info as you can remember without looking into the text.

Communication through exchange of letters is known as correspondence. We communicate our feelings, thoughts etc. to our friends and relatives through letters that may be called personal correspondence. A businessman also writes and receives letters in his everyday transactions, which may be called business correspondence. Business correspondence or a business letter is a written communication between two parties. Businessmen may write letters to suppliers of goods and also receive letters from the suppliers. Thus, business letters may be defined as a media or means through which views are expressed and ideas or information is communicated in writing in the process of business activities.

Nowadays business operations are not restricted to any locality, state or nation. Since the businessmen as well as customers live in far off places they don’t have sufficient time to contact each other personally.

Though there are other modes of communication like telephone, telex, fax, etc. business information can be provided and obtained economically and conveniently through letters.

We cannot expect a trader to memorise all facts and figures in a conversation that normally takes place among businessmen. Through letters, he can keep a record of all facts. Thus, letters can serve as evidence in case of dispute between two parties. Business requires information regarding competing products, prevailing prices, promotion, market activities, etc. If the trader has to run from place to place to get information, he will end up doing nothing. It will simply result in loss of time. But through business letters, he can make all enquiries about the products and the markets.

BBC Learning English

http://www.bbc.co.uk

Exercise I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

- Business letters serve as a/an............................. in case of dispute in business transactions.

- A trader cannot …………….. all facts and figures in a conversation.

- Business letters are written to.................... information.

- Business letter is the most.................... mode of communication.

 

Exercise II. Given below are certain statements. Write ‘T’ against true statements and ‘F’ against false statements.

- A letter is a form of written communication.

- Through business letter personal contact can be maintained between buyer and seller.

- Businessmen may write letters to suppliers of goods but cannot receive letters from the suppliers.

- A letter is a convenient and economic mode of communication.

- Business letters do not help in removing misunderstanding between buyer and seller.

 

Homework

Study new vocabulary.

Lesson 2

LEAD-IN

How can you describe the word “resumй”?

What is the role of resumйs in career development?

What is a resumй? List resumй types.

 

LEXICAL EXERCISES

I. Give definitions to words and word combinations which you have learnt at the previous lesson and spell them:

Prospective, to assist, resumй, to grab attention, to apply for, career, classification, experience, to reflect, interviewer, reverse, rejection letter, guideline, potential, to tailor, duties, to emphasize, employment, employer, competence, background, to focus, degree.

 

II. Learning new vocabulary for the theme “CAREER PROSPECTS”. Match terms written in bold with definitions given below. Then read matched pairs aloud and put between the term and its definition the verb “is”. For example,

Communication skills is the ability to interact well with other people