Text 1 (E) Economic Strategies

Four Asian nations - Hong-Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan - are now called NICs, newly industrialized countries. Their new status is a product of outward-oriented development strategies.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the governments of the four countries protected domestic markets from foreign competition to stimulate domestic production for domestic consumption.

Taiwan was the first to replace an inward-oriented policy with an outward-oriented policy. The other three countries followed closely behind. Soon each country experienced rapid growth in exports and domestic national income.

These countries maintain some restrictions on the domestic economy, but operate with another set of rules for exporting firms. Production for export occurs in a free market setting, with no taxes or restrictions on imports of the materials needed to manufacture goods for export.

The governments have developed banking and financial institutions that can finance export production and sales.

Notes: setting - обстановка, условие

 

Text 1 (F) Why Study Economics?

You may be asking yourself, “Why should I study economics?” There are several very good reasons, all of which involve you. Some have to do with you as an individual, some with you as an earner and spender, and some with you as a citizen.

As a member of the society in which you live, there is no escaping economics. * The food you eat, the home you live in, the clothes you wear, and the way you spend your leisure time are all affected, in part, by economic forces. The study of economics will help you to understand these forces better and enable you to live a fuller life.

Economic forces also affect decisions in the world of business. In fact, one common definition of economics is “the study of how people make a living”. The more you know about the subject, the better career decisions you will be able to make.

Economics will also help you to fulfill your responsibilities as a citizen in a democracy. ** Unlike other countries, in which government officials or dictators assume sole control over the nation’s affairs, really democratic countries expect their citizens to share in governing the country. As a voter, you will be asked to express your opinion on many questions involving economic issues. The study of economics will help you deal with these questions intelligently.

NOTES: * there is no escaping economics – зд. вы не можете существовать без экономических знаний; ** a democracy – демократическая страна

ВАРИАНТ I

 

Перепишите данные ниже предложения. Определите по

грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово, оформленное окончанием - s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем З лица ед. ч. в Present Indefinite,

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного,

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Переведите на русский язык.

1.The lectures of Professor Nelson are very interesting. 2.He lectures on Mathematics. 3. What is your friend's profession? 4. Each lesson lasts 45 minutes. 5. In autumn leaves begin to fall from the trees. 6. The train leaves at nine.

Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите на русский язык.

1. The more often you visit the Hermitage, the more you admire it. 2.

Winter is the coldest season of the year. 3. Moscow today is 5 times as big as at the beginning of the 20-th century. 4. St. Petersburg is the second largest city after Moscow. 5.The St. Petersburg University is not so old as the Moscow or Kazan Universities.

Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.

1. Everywhere in Moscow you will see new buildings. 2. The lecturer

will tell us something about the history of Great Britain. 3. Any station in our Metro is very clean and beautiful. 4. Some new districts appeared in St.Petersburg during the last 5 years. 5. You couldn't find this book anywhere. 6. Anyone who comes to St.Petersburg tries to visit the Hermitage. 7. No engineer can solve this problem without the help of computers.

Перепишите данные предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

l. In 1712 St.Petersburg became the capital of Russia. 2. For citizens of St.Petersburg the embankment of the Neva is one of the most beautiful places in the world. 3. St.Petersburg got its name in 1703. 4. I shan't go out now as I have much work to do. 5. They do their shopping every day.

5. Прочтите и устно переведите оба абзаца текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст до слов "Such an economic system...".

Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper). Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide goods; some people provide services. For example, in the same garage a man may buy a car and some service, which helps him to maintain his car.

The work people do is called economic activity. All economic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want. The work people undertake either provides what they need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services, which are non-essential, but which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.

 

6. Прочтите 2й абзац текста. Из приведенных ниже вариантов

ответов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на вопрос What is an economic system the sum-total of?

1) An economic system is the sum-total of what people need and what they want.

2) 2) An economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want.

3) 3) An economic system is the sum-total of what people need and what they provide.

 

8. Выпишите из следующего текста словосочетания, которые содержат существительные в функции определения, и предложения, которые содержат прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени. Переведите текст письменно на русский язык.

Abundance of natural resources and investment opportunities make Russia the nation with the greatest ultimate potential for foreign investors. Recent political and ethnic conflicts and a slow-moving bureaucracy create greater risks and lower the grade. The best opportunities are in energy, food processing, tourism, road construction, ceramics, and medicine.

ВАРИАНТ II

 

Перепишите данные ниже предложения. Определите по

грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово, оформленное окончанием - s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3 л. ед. ч. в Present Indefinite,

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного,

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.The St. Petersburg Technical University trains specialists in many fields. 2. Trains from Moscow arrive in St.Petersburg at the Moscow Railway Station.3. Flats in new houses are very comfortable. 4. The Hermitage houses a big collection of Western European Art. 5. This problem needs a special approach. 6. Our country's needs in electricity will continue to grow.

Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1.There are more than 50 schools of higher learning in St.Petersburg. 2. Mathematics is as important for technical students as Physics. 3. This new apparatus is 4 times as powerful as the old one. 4. These machine tools are not so efficient as the new ones. 5. The more systematic are our studies the deeper is our knowledge.

 

Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая