Listen how the speaker on the tape pronounces stops in word initial position.

· Imitate the reading.

· Mind that a complete obstruction should be released with a strong explosion.

· Make , , aspirated.

pen Ben ten dean came give

pack back tart dot court goal

2. Practise reading the words above at normal conversational
speed.

· Be sure to pronounce stops in word initial position correctly.

3. Now read the word-contrasts. Concentrate on the difference
between an initial voiceless stop and its voiced counterpart.

pig — big tea — D curl — girl

port — bought ton — done card — guard

4. Listen how the speaker on the tape pronounces stops in the
word medial position.

· Imitate the reading.

· Mind that a com­plete obstruction should be released with an explosion.

· Observe the positional length of the vowels preceding the voice­less / voiced consonants.

happy shabby metal faded sacking degree

capable cable writer rider bicker bigger

5. Practise reading the words above at normal conversational
speed.

· Be sure to pronounce stops in word medial position correctly.

Now read the words.

· Concentrate on the difference between a medial voiceless stop and its voiced counterpart.

caper — caber hearten — harden bicker — bigger

poppy — bobby putting — pudding locking — logging

Listen how the speaker on the tape pronounces stops in word final position.

· Imitate the reading.

· Mind weak aspiration of
the stops , , in their final position.

· Observe the length of the vowels preceding the voiceless/voiced stops.

cup cub bet bed duck dug
cap cab bit bid pick big

8. Practise reading the words above at normal conversational
speed.

· Be sure to pronounce voiced stops in word final position partially devoiced.

· Remember that strong (voiceless)
stops at the end shorten the preceding vowel.

Now read the word-contrasts.

· Concentrate on the difference
between a final voiceless stop and its voiced counterpart.

· Be particularly careful to shorten the vowels preceding the
strong (voiceless) stops and lengthen them a bit before weak
(voiced) ones.

· Do not forget to pronounce final voiced stops
as partially devoiced.

rope — robe hat — had lock — log

lap — lab lit — lid Dick — dog

10.Read each of the sentences below twice, using word (a) in the
first reading and word (b) in the second. Then read again
and use either (a) or (b).

· Let your fellow-student identify in each case the word you have pronounced.

(a. back; b. pack) 1. Now I must...

(a. bear; b. pear) 2. You can't eat a whole...

(a. mob; b. mop) 3. The leader kept the... well in hand.

(a. gold; b. cold) 4. Are you getting...?

(a. cave; b, gave) 5. Under great pressure they... in.

(a. back; b. bag) 6. Put your coat on your...

(a. bed; b. bet) 7. When he moved he lost his...

(a. let: b led) 8. A traitor … the enemy in.

11. Reading Matter. Listen how the speaker on the tape reads
the phrases below. Practise reading them at normal conversational speed:

Pretty Polly Perkins has a pair of pretty plaits.

Ping-pong is a popular sport and is played in many places.

Barbara is a beautiful blonde with bright blue eyes.

 

The trip by train took tiresome twenty-two hours.

Too many teenagers tend to waste their time watching television.

Denny’s daughter Diana doesn't like darning.

 

If we keep quiet we may be lucky and see the cuckoo.

Take care not to make many mistakes when you bake those cakes.

It you go digging in the garden, don't forget to get your old grey gloves.

LABORATORY WORK №2

Fricatives

1. Listen how the speaker on the tape pronounces fricatives in
word initial position.

· Imitate the reading.

feet visit thief these soup zoo sheep hat
food verse thank then so zero ship harp

2. Practise reading the words above at normal conversational
speed.

· Be sure to pronounce fricatives in word initial position
correctly. Make the friction as strong as possible (except for
).

3. Now read the word-contrasts, concentrate on the difference
between an initial voiceless fricative and its voiced counter­
part.

feel — veal thick — this soup — zoo

fan — van thumb — thus soap— zone

4. Practise reading the following word-contrasts.

· Explain what changes in the place or the manner of articulation differentiate the meaning of words.

- - - - -

Finn - thin vote - though vest - west thick - sick these - sees

fought - thought vain - they verse - worse thing - sing they – say

- - - -

though — zone sin — thin see — she then — den

these — zeal sick — thick sips — ships there — dare

5. Listen how the speaker on the tape pronounces fricatives in
the word medial position. Imitate the reading.

suffer cover author brother pieces

defend never nothing mother concert

easy Asia measure behave

hesitate cushion usual perhaps

6. Practise reading the words above at normal conversational
speed.

· Be sure to pronounce fricatives in word medial posi­tion correctly, mind that the friction in an intervocalic position is weaker than initially.

7. Listen how the speaker on the tape pronounces fricatives in
word final position. Imitate the reading.

leaf halve path with niece is dish rouge

calf prove breath bathe pass says cash garage

8. Practise reading the words above at normal conversational
speed.

· Be sure to pronounce final voiced fricatives as partially devoiced.

· Remember that strong (voiceless) fricatives at
the end shorten the preceding vowel.