Bridge control of Main Engines

Examination Card № 1

1. Scan the text and answer the questions:

Bridge control of Main Engines

Automatic control of the starting of the main engine can be done from the bridge as well as in Engine control room. The automatic controls employed in starting the engine is by the following sequence:

1. Automatic control used in correctly positioning of the cam shaft.

2. Admitting starting air

3. Admitting fuel

4. Starting air shut off

5. Speed adjustment to the value required

Thus the engine is started and the various parameters like temperature, pressure, flow and tank level have to be measured at every watch to make sure that the engine is running safely.

Temperatures of lube oil, exhaust gas, etc. are measured.

Pressures of lube oil, fuel oil, and starting air etc. are measured.

Flow of fuel oil is measured while running.

Tank levels of Heavy fuel oil, diesel oil, and lube oil are measured. For measuring the parameters we make use of the transducers, in turn sending the input signal to the automatic control system.

1) How can the automatic control of the starting of the main engine be done?

2) By what sequence is the automatic controls employed in starting the engine?

3) How often should the various parameters like temperature, pressure, flow and tank level be measured?

4) For what purpose should all the parameters be measured?

5) What do we use for measuring the parameters?

 

2. Situation:

You are a Chief Engineer. One of the cadets on your ship wants to know what the following items (1) flash point; (2) burning point; (3) viscosity; (4) heating (calorific) value; (5) specific gravity mean. Explain him.

 

Open the brackets using Active or Passive Voice.

 

1) Piping sections of the proper size and material (to connect) by various standard fittings.

2) Sea water (to supply) to the fire main.

3) Screw (to use) as rotating elements in the pump.

4) Blades (to be) (to fasten) to the rotor in different ways.

5) This cycle (to complete) in two revolutions of the crankshaft.

6) Deck machinery (to include) mooring equipment, anchor handling equipment, cargo handling equipment and hatch covers.

7) Diaphragms (to use) between successive pressure stages in impulse turbines.

Examination Card № 2

1. Scan the text:

Control Tests on Ships

The main engine and the steering engine are located aft and far from the bridge and controlled by a maze of wires, pipes, machines, and electronic devices. Prior to entering a port and departing the port, these control systems have to be tested to ensure they are working properly and are effective.

Control Tests. The ship is controlled from the bridge, which is at the top deck of the accommodation. The wheel house, so called as it houses the wheel to control the steering engine, has a number of control stands including the main engine control stand and the telegraph. The main engine is housed in the engine room which is at the aft of the ship below the water line. The main engine is controlled by electro-hydraulic and pneumatic controllers that give signals to the main engine. It is essential that this complex piece of machinery is tested prior to any crucial operations like maneuvering, and these tests are called control tests.

The control test is performed before sailing out and before arrival at a port. It is mainly done to confirm the safe operation of the ship and to ensure that all the control systems necessary for sailing are correctly functioning in a satisfactory manner.

The control tests are:

1. Telegraph checks

2. Steering gear checks

3. Main Engine try out in ahead and astern directions on fuel

4. Communications tests

After carrying out the control tests it should be logged in the bell book stating that the control test was carried out in a satisfactory manner and was successful (for legal purposes).

Define if the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1) The main engine and the steering engine are located fore and near the bridge.

¨ TRUE ¨ FALSE

2) The ship is controlled from the bridge, which is at the top deck of the accommodation.

¨ TRUE ¨ FALSE

3) The main engine is housed in the engine room which is at the fore of the ship below the water line.

¨ TRUE ¨ FALSE

4) The main engine is controlled only by electro-hydraulic controllers.

¨ TRUE ¨ FALSE

5) The control test is performed before sailing out and before arrival at a port.

¨ TRUE ¨ FALSE

6) After carrying out the control tests it should be logged in the bell book.

¨ TRUE ¨ FALSE

2. Situation:

Your assistant forgot the operating principle of a centrifugal pump. Remind him.

3. Put the verbs in brackets in proper forms:

1) On previous ship we (to fasten) blades to the turbine rotor in two ways only.

2) Drills (to conduct) in different areas of the vessel tomorrow.

3) Sewage (to contain) nitrogen and phosphorus, which cause the algae to grow rapidly.

4) Yesterday from 9 till 12 they (to conduct) the emergency trainings.

5) He never (to renew) all worn parts before.

6) Look! The motorman (to tighten) the pressure valve holder.

7) They already (to replace) plungers and sleeves.

Examination card №3

1. Scan the text and complete the statements:

A diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine used in most cars. Both engines are internal combustion engines, meaning they burn the fuel-air mixture within the cylinders. Both are reciprocating engines, being driven by pistons moving laterally in two directions. The majority of their parts are similar. Although a diesel engine and gasoline engine operate with similar components, a diesel engine, when compared to a gasoline engine of equal horsepower, is heavier due to stronger, heavier materials used to withstand the greater dynamic forces from the higher combustion pressures present in the diesel engine.

The greater combustion pressure is the result of the higher compression ratio used by diesel engines. The compression ratio is a measure of how much the engine compresses the gasses in the engine's cylinder. In a gasoline engine the compression ratio (which controls the compression temperature) is limited by the air-fuel mixture entering the cylinders.

Another difference between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine is the manner in which engine speed is controlled. In any engine, speed (or power) is a direct function of the amount of fuel burned in the cylinders. Gasoline engines are self-speed-limiting, due to the method the engine uses to control the amount of air entering the engine. Engine speed is indirectly controlled by the butterfly valve in the carburetor. The butterfly valve in a carburetor limits the amount of air entering the engine. In a carburetor, the rate of air flow dictates the amount of gasoline that will be mixed with the air. Limiting the amount of air entering the engine limits the amount of fuel entering the engine, and, therefore, limits the speed of the engine. By limiting the amount of air entering the engine, adding more fuel does not increase engine speed beyond the point where the fuel burns 100% of the available air (oxygen).

 

1) A diesel engine is similar to _______________________.

2) _____________________ is the result of the higher compression ratio used by diesel engines.

3) In a gasoline engine the compression ratio is limited by ___________________.

4) ____________________________ are self-speed-limiting.

5) Engine speed is indirectly controlled by _____________________.

6) Limiting the amount of air entering the engine limits _____________________.

 

2. Situation:

You are applying for a job and you are interviewed in the company. The agent asked you to name the various auxiliaries in an engine room of an ordinary freighter.

 

3. Report the following sentences:

1) “Can you explain me the destination of diaphragm in turbine?”- cadet asked the Second Engineer.

2) John ordered me: “Flood the pump from time to time!”

3) The Chief Engineer: “You can see the machinery which is used in the engine-room”.

4) He asked me: “Do know the construction of the incinerator?”

5) The Chief Engineer: “Have you finished fuel oil separation?”

6) My assistant: “Yesterday at 5 p.m. we were repairing the fuel lift pump”.

7) The Second Engineer: “You should replace plungers and sleeves”.

Examination card№ 4

1. Scan the text and correct the statements:

Engine-room Watchkeeping

1. Purpose

The purpose of this procedure is to establish the engine room watch keeping guidelines.

These guidelines are established within the Standard for Training, Certification and

Watchkeeping (STCW).

2. Responsibility

It is the responsibility of the Chief Engineer to assign the engine room watch keeping assignments and establish the watch keeping standards.

3. General

At Sea Watches

The normal at sea engine room watches are performed on a 4 and 8 watch rotation.

Each watch is 4 hours long. Starting at midnight the 2nd Assistant Engineer and an Oiler have the watch. At 0400 the 1st Assistant Engineer and the senior Oiler stand the next 4 hours until 0800. The 3rd Assistant Engineer and the third Oiler have the watch from 0800 to 1200. At noon the rotation resumes again.

In Port Watches

Normal in port watches start and end at the discretion of the 1st Assistant Engineer and the Chief Engineer. The rotation is also at the discretion, though usually will start with the watch that was due to have the next watch at the last in port period. In port watches are 24 hours long with the licensed engineer and an Oiler alternating 6 hours on and 6 hours off. The watch stander with the 6 hours off must be aboard and be on call during the entire watch period. The Oiler starts at noon and at midnight. The licensed Engineer starts at 1800 and 0600. The noon watch change must be handed over to the licensed Engineer coming on duty by the Engineer being relieved.

On Watch

The watch stander’s primary responsibility is to be present monitoring the engine room from the ECR. The engineer and the Oiler should alternate making rounds in the Auxiliary Machinery Space, Main Machinery Space and SCR room. The thruster rooms, motor room and fan rooms should be checked at least once each watch. Depending on operations, deck machinery should also be checked.

Watch standing is a science as well as an art. Watch standers must keep aware of

normal machinery sound, temperatures and vibrations so they can be alert to small

changes form the normal running of the machinery and so head off larger problems.

1) The responsibility of the Chief Engineer is to assign the engine room watch keeping assignments and establish the watch keeping standards.

2) Thenormal at sea engine room watches are performed on a 3 and 6 watch rotation.

3) The 3rd Assistant Engineer and the third Oiler have the watch from 1200 to 0400.

4) Normal in port watches start and end at the discretion of the 1st Assistant Engineer and the Chief Engineer.

5) In port watches are 12 hours long with the licensed engineer and an Oiler alternating 6 hours on and 6 hours off.

6) The watch stander’s primary responsibility is to be present monitoring the engine room from the ECR.

7) The thruster rooms, motor room and fan rooms should not be checked at each watch.

 

2. Situation:

Choose the correct sentence

Examination Card№ 5

1. Scan the text:

Procedure When Engine is Running:

(1) Close the starting valve оn air receiver.

(2) Adjust speed regulator to required speed.

(3) Check lubricating oil pressure.

(4) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 300 p.s. i. (21.1 kg/sq.cm).

(5) Set load limit dial оn governor.

Running оn Load:

(1) Regulate cooling water to give аn outlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F (71°С and 77°С).

(2) Maintain lubricating oil pressure of 30 p.s. i. (2.11 kg/sq. см).

(3) When necessary adjust fuel pumps to give balanced ex­haust outlet temperatures and maximum pressures.

То Stop Engine:

(1) Rotate handwheel to STOP position.

(2) Close cock in fuel supply system.

(3) Where systems permit it is advisable to allow the cir­culating water to flow through the engine for about 15 minutes after the engine has stopped allowing the engine to cool slowly.

First Run:

If the engine is being run after аn overhaul, the following procedure shоuld be adopted:

(1) Check all external parts for evidence of overheating.

(2) Stop engine after 5/10 minutes running.

(3)Remove column inspection doors and check internal bearings and running gear to ensure that there is nо abnormal heating. If there is аnу evidence of internal overheating while running stop the engine immediately but do not remove аnу doors until at least 15 minutes after the engine has stopped.

(4) Apply load gradually for the first few hours whenever possible especially if new pistons and liners have been fitted.

 

Choose the correct variant:

1. a) When engine is running open the starting valve оn air receiver.

b) When engine is running open the starting valve оn air receiver.

c) When engine is running open the exhaust valve.

2. a) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 300 p.s. i. when engine is running.

b) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 500 p.s. i. when engine is running.

c) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 300 p.s. i. when engine is stopping.

3. a) Running on load regulate cooling water to give аn inlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F.

b) Running on load regulate cooling water to give аn outlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F.

c) Starting the engine regulate cooling water to give аn outlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F.

4. a) То stop the engine open cock in fuel supply system.

b) То stop the engine close cock in fuel supply system.

c) Running on load close cock in fuel supply system.

5. a) Check all internal parts for evidence of overheating during first running.

b) Check all external parts for evidence of overheating during first running.

c) Check all internal parts for evidence of cooling during first running.

 

2. Situation:

You are examined in the company. You were asked to tell about the principle of mechanical refrigeration.

 

Examination Card № 6

Read the text and answer the questions:

A ban on pollution from heavy grade fuel oils in the Antarctic region goes into effect today, the United Nations maritime agency reported.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) said that amendments to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships (MARPOL) detailing specific densities of crude oil which should not be used in the Antarctic mean that ships plying that area with lower grade fuel will have to switch to a higher fuel while in the area.

MARPOL has 136 parties, representing 98 per cent of the world’s shipping tonnage.

“This means, in effect, that ships trading to the area, whether passenger or cargo ships, would need to switch to a different fuel type when transiting the Antarctic area, defined as ‘the sea area south of latitude 60 degrees south’,” IMO stated in a press release.

IMO also said MARPOL will formally establish a North American Emission Control Area (ECA), in which emissions of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from ships will be subject to more stringent controls than the limits that apply globally. The ECA will take effect 12 months after the amendments enter into force on 1 August 2012.

There are currently two designated ECAs, both on sulphur oxides in the Baltic Sea area and the North Sea area.

Last month IMO adopted MARPOL amendments to designate certain waters adjacent to the coasts of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands as another ECA. The MARPOL amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2013, with the new ECA taking effect 12 months later.

Answer the questions:

1) What MARPOL areas do you know? Is Antarctic region one of them?

2) What does the amendment mean?

3) What emissions will be controlled more?

4) What does ECA mean?

5) When n are MARPOL amendment entered into force?

 

Situation: You are the cadet and you must tell the Chief Engineer about the various fresh water tanks on a ship and give their location.

 

Grammar task

Open the brackets using active or passive:

1) Someone (should,tell) ___________Peter not to throw paper overboard.

2) The valve (can,not,open)_____________________.

3) An initial survey (must,do)___________to prevent further problems.

4) I(may, offer)____________to take part in oil spill operation.

5) We (must, discuss)________ the problem of waste disposal -at the meeting tomorrow.

6) The garbage (should put)___________into different bins.

7) MARPOL rule 4 (must,study)__________tomorrow.

Examination Card № 7

Read the text and answer the questions:

Examination Card № 8

Read the text and answer the questions:

 

We've all noticed it. The filthy black smoke kicked out by funnels on cross-Channel ferries, cruise liners, container ships, oil tankers and even tugboats.

It looks foul, and leaves a brown haze across ports and shipping lanes. But what hasn’t been clear until now is that it is also a major killer, probably causing thousands of deaths in Britain alone.

As ships get bigger, the pollution is getting worse. The most staggering statistic of all is that just 16 of the world’s largest ships can produce as much lung-clogging sulphur pollution as all the world’s cars.

Because of their colossal engines, each as heavy as a small ship, these super-vessels use as much fuel as small power stations.

But, unlike power stations or cars, they can burn the cheapest, filthiest, high-sulphur fuel: the thick residues left behind in refineries after the lighter liquids have been taken. The stuff nobody on land is allowed to use.

Thanks to decisions taken in London by the body that polices world shipping, this pollution could kill as many as a million more people in the coming decade – even though a simple change in the rules could stop it.

There are now an estimated 100,000 ships on the seas, and the fleet is growing fast as goods are ferried in vast quantities from Asian industrial powerhouses to consumers in Europe and North America.

 

Answer the questions:

What do people notice?

What causes the smoke?

Why is the pollution getting worse?

What do people do to prevent air pollution?

What is MARPOL?

Situation: You are a Chief Engineer and your apprentice wants to know more about advantages of a turbine over a reciprocating engine. Tell him.

Grammar Task:

Examination Card № 9

Read the text and answer the questions:

Examination Card № 10

Read the text and answer the questions:

MARPOL tanker

Category 2 tankers will be phased out in 2010 the latest, depending on the year of delivery. With MARPOL tankers, it is not allowed to use ballast tanks as cargo tanks. This has reduced operational spillage drastically. The downside is designs based on MARPOL spill more oil when damaged than a preMARPOL tankers. This is due to several factors:

1. as ballast tanks could not be used as cargo tanks anymore, cargo space was lost. To compensate for this, tanks were made taller, which means that more oil is spilled before hydrostatic balance is reached,

2. a MARPOL rule is that 30 percent of the side shell in way of the tanks of a MARPOL tanker should be non-cargo. The cheapest way to reach this is by making these tanks as narrow as possible. This means that centre tanks became extremely large, so in case of damage, the amount of spillage increased,

3. in a preMARPOL tanker ballast tanks were also filled with inert gas, as these were also used as cargo tanks, which reduced corrosion. Ballast tanks of MARPOL tankers are not protective this way, causing structural failure by corrosion on the Erika, Castor and Prestige,

4. the painted area tripled, increasing required maintenance and corrosion in case this maintenance is done poorly.

Answer the questions:

What is MARPOL tanker?

Why were they built?

What are the peculiarities of the MARPOL tankers?

How does MARPOL deal with oil spillage?

What must you do to prevent oil spill?

 

Situation: You are a Chief Engineer. A newcomer cadet wants to know more about the path of the lube oil through a diesel engine. Describe it.

Grammar Task:

Examination Card №11

Read the text and answer the questions:

Grounding

The weather was foggy with rain and visibility of four to five miles. The sea was calm and air

temperature was 6 degrees Centigrade. High tide was predicted to be 16.5 ft at 0720 at Quebec.

 

The voyage proceeded normally without incident. All mechanical, electrical and navigation

systems were operating satisfactorily. However, there were initial overheating problems with

generators number 1 and 3, so number 2 was used in order to inspect 1 and 3. The Jade Star has

one main shaft generator, 3 auxiliary generators numbers 1, 2 and 3, any one of which can propel

the ship, and one emergency generator. If any of the 3 fails one of the other two will

automatically come online after 7 seconds. The main shaft generator was shut down because of

an ongoing dispute with Transport Canada Marine who maintained that only the auxiliary

generators should be used in confined waters.

 

On the bridge at 0638 were the Officer of the Watch, the Pilot and the helmsman. The Jade Star

was off Sainte-Croix on the Saint-Antoine course, travelling at 13 knots and was about to be

overtaken by the bulk carrier BAMIA. So the pilot ordered a reduction in speed to allow the

BAMIA to pass. Just as the OOW was about to call the engine room to relay the speed

reduction a series of loud alarms sounded both on the bridge and in the engine room and all

power and lighting went off. The OOW assumed that there was a complete power failure and

reduced propeller pitch from 90% to zero. The Pilot asked the BAMIA, which was three cables

astern, to keep clear.

 

Answer the questions:

What engine room equipment did engineer have the problems?

Who was on the bridge?

What orders did the pilot give to the engine room?

What did OOW do and why?

What did the pilot ask another vessel to do?

 

Speaking

You are Chief Engineer with new comer in the engine room. You have to explain theprocess of combustion in a Diesel-engine cylinder to him

Grammar task

Choose the proper form:

1) The radio operator is (receiving, received) the weather forecast.

2) All ships have (warned, been warned) on the coming gale.

3) All necessary arrangement have (been made, made) for immediate discharging of your ship.

4) The ship is (maneuvering, been maneuvered) to the harbor by an experienced pilot.

5) This harbor can (enter, be entered) only by the vessels of small draught.

6) Valuable information on the local sailing conditions has (been received, received).

7) The agent has (made, been made) all necessary arrangements.

 

Examination Card №12

Read the text and answer the questions:

 

Saint Malo accident

The former master of the Saint-Malo stayed with the vessel as master after the season began on

4th of April. Command was handed over on the 10th of April.

Thus the new master at the time of the accident had had sole command of the vessel for only

seven days prior to the day of the accident.

It is apparent from meteorological records that the weather on the 17th of April was the worst

that the master had encountered when in command of Saint-Malo. He did experience a very rough crossing from Cherbourg to Saint-Malo at a time when he was an observer.

The chief engineer holds a first class chief engineer certificate as well as a first class master

mariner certificate. He was the most experienced of the crew as far as Channiland and Saint-Malo was concerned.

He was fully qualified as both an engineer and a master. He had worked for Channiland for three

years, first as a master of a smaller catamaran, the Brittania, and then as a master of the Saint-

Malo, the two seasons prior to the accident.

The master from his console has a restricted view abaft; he cannot see more than about 30

degrees abaft each beam. This makes him entirely reliant on assistance from a look-out on the

bridge wing to watch for back strike marks.

There is no specific position from which a chief officer could assist with the navigation of the

vessel. In open sea conditions the autopilot on a catamaran is often inoperative due to the

vessel’s poor handling characteristics. The Master must therefore steer the vessel, and under these circumstances it is difficult or impossible to devote much attention to navigation.

On the Saint-Malo, the chief engineer is seated with the engine monitoring controls in the

copilot’s position. His primary role is not navigation, and there is no indication in any

management instructions or manuals that he has a secondary role as navigator.

 

Answer the questions:

1) To your opinion, was the chief engineer qualified and why?

2) What can you say about the weather conditions

3) Could the master pay enough attention to navigation?

4) Where was the chief engineer at the moment of the accident?

5) What was his primary role?

Speaking

Examination Card №13

Read the text and answer the questions:

 

The boatswain informed the master that the vessel was now to the north of the transit, but the

master already knew this. But he did not know, and did not have time to find out, how far to the

north the vessel was.

The master was concerned that even with full port helm the vessel was not turning quickly. At the time he was not sure what was causing this and he was heard stating that fact to the chief

engineer.

In order to try and increase the rate of turn he tried instantaneously reducing the engine

revolutions, and then increasing them again to kick the vessel around.

When this did not produce required effect he selected Harbour Mode maneuvering control in

order to vary revolutions on the two engines to assist in the turn.

The vessel was turning to port when the master again encountered a fishing marker buoy. He

assumed that this was the fishing marker buoy that he had noticed on the previous days just off

La Frouquie rock. He steadied the swing thinking that he was going to pass 50 metres or so clear

of the submerged rock.

Answer the questions:

1) To your opinion, did the master inform about real situation at sea?

2) What did the master want to increase?

3) Where was the vessel turning when a fishing market buoy encountered?

4) Was his choice right? Give your reasons.

5) Was the cooperation between engine room and bridge?

 

Speaking

You are 2^nd Engineer and your task is to explain to the cadet the relative advantages and disadvantages of a 4 cycle Diesel engine.

 

Grammar task.

Ask the questions to have the answers:

1) ___________________________________________________________________

I know three types of pumps in the engine-room.

2) __________________________________________________________________

We have fire drills once a month.

3) __________________________________________________________________

This means the steps to be taken in oil spill cases.

4) __________________________________________________________________

Life-jackets are taken off and stowed in the boat.

5) __________________________________________________________________

Drills are to be carried out under the best possible condition for supervision.

6) __________________________________________________________________

First of all I must notify the Master and consult local Port representatives.

7) __________________________________________________________________

They can be collision, fire and grounding as the sources.

 

Examination Card №14

Read the text and answer the questions:

A ban on pollution from heavy grade fuel oils in the Antarctic region goes into effect today, the United Nations maritime agency reported.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) said that amendments to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships (MARPOL) detailing specific densities of crude oil which should not be used in the Antarctic mean that ships plying that area with lower grade fuel will have to switch to a higher fuel while in the area.

MARPOL has 136 parties, representing 98 per cent of the world’s shipping tonnage.

“This means, in effect, that ships trading to the area, whether passenger or cargo ships, would need to switch to a different fuel type when transiting the Antarctic area, defined as ‘the sea area south of latitude 60 degrees south’,” IMO stated in a press release.

IMO also said MARPOL will formally establish a North American Emission Control Area (ECA), in which emissions of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from ships will be subject to more stringent controls than the limits that apply globally. The ECA will take effect 12 months after the amendments enter into force on 1 August 2012.

There area currently two designated ECAs, both on sulphur oxides in the Baltic Sea area and the North Sea area.

Last month IMO adopted MARPOL amendments to designate certain waters adjacent to the coasts of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands as another ECA. The MARPOL amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2013, with the new ECA taking effect 12 months later.

Answer the questions:

What MARPOL areas do you know? Is Antarctic region one of them?

What does the amendment mean?

What emissions will be controlled more?

What does ECA mean?

When n are MARPOL amendment entered into force?

 

Speaking

1 You are talking with the Training officer and you are asked about the relative advantages and disadvantages of a 2 cycle Diesel engine. use your own experience to talk about it.

 

Grammar task

Open the brackets using active or passive:

1) Someone (should,tell) ___________Peter not to throw paper overboard.

2) The valve (can,not,open)_____________________.

3) An initial survey (must,do)___________to prevent further problems.

4) I (may, offer)____________to take part in oil spill operation.

5) We (must, discuss)________ the problem of waste disposal -at the meeting tomorrow.

6) The garbage (should put)___________into different bins.

7) MARPOL rule 4 (must,study)__________tomorrow.

 

Examination Card №15

Read the text and answer the questions:

 

An unlucky maiden voyage.

It was in 1912. I was Second Mate of a small vessel. She was a brand-new ship but unlucky right from the beginning. Her maiden voyage was to Ceylon with coal. While returning from Rangoon with rice she went aground in the Suez Canal. She lost one blade of her propeller and a part of another.

Our second trip was from Barry with coal to Singapore for orders. The owners wanted us to proceed to Nagasaki. After discharging at Nagasaki, we picked up a cargo for Hong Kong at the near-by port of Modji. At Hong Kong we received instructions to proceed light to Java for sugar and we left for that destination on a Friday night. On Saturday the weather was worse than on the previous day. We looked at the sunset and everyone had a feeling that very dirty weather was ahead.

When it was over I went over the side to investigate the position. The place was so shallow that I walked along the side of the ship in about a foot of water. There was a big hole in the bilge. We realized that nothing could save the ship. There was, of course, no wireless in those days. Our position was well away from regular shipping routes.

Answer the questions:

1) What did she lose during her first voyages?

2) What did the owners want from the crew?

3) What feeling did the crewmembers have on Saturday?

4) What thing did I go over to investigate?

5) What can you say about the position of the ship?

 

Speaking

You are in the crewing company. You are asked about your experience of shipboard training. Your task is to describe in detail the working strokes of: a) 2-cycle Diesel engine, b) 4cycle Diesel engine.

Grammar task

Examination Card № 16

1. Scan the text and answer the questions:

Examination Card № 17

1. Scan the text:

Control Tests on Ships

The main engine and the steering engine are located aft and far from the bridge and controlled by a maze of wires, pipes, machines, and electronic devices. Prior to entering a port and departing the port, these control systems have to be tested to ensure they are working properly and are effective.

Control Tests

The ship is controlled from the bridge, which is at the top deck of the accommodation. The wheel house, so called as it houses the wheel to control the steering engine, has a number of control stands including the main engine control stand and the telegraph. The main engine is housed in the engine room which is at the aft of the ship below the water line. The main engine is controlled by electro-hydraulic and pneumatic controllers that give signals to the main engine. It is essential that this complex piece of machinery is tested prior to any crucial operations like maneuvering, and these tests are called control tests.

The control test is performed before sailing out and before arrival at a port. It is mainly done to confirm the safe operation of the ship and to ensure that all the control systems necessary for sailing are correctly functioning in a satisfactory manner.

The control tests are:

1. Telegraph checks

2. Steering gear checks

3. Main Engine try out in ahead and astern directions on fuel

4. Communications tests

After carrying out the control tests it should be logged in the bell book stating that the control test was carried out in a satisfactory manner and was successful (for legal purposes).

Examination Card № 18

1. Scan the text and complete the statements:

A diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine used in most cars. Both engines are internal combustion engines, meaning they burn the fuel-air mixture within the cylinders. Both are reciprocating engines, being driven by pistons moving laterally in two directions. The majority of their parts are similar. Although a diesel engine and gasoline engine operate with similar components, a diesel engine, when compared to a gasoline engine of equal horsepower, is heavier due to stronger, heavier materials used to withstand the greater dynamic forces from the higher combustion pressures present in the diesel engine.

The greater combustion pressure is the result of the higher compression ratio used by diesel engines. The compression ratio is a measure of how much the engine compresses the gasses in the engine's cylinder. In a gasoline engine the compression ratio (which controls the compression temperature) is limited by the air-fuel mixture entering the cylinders.

Another difference between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine is the manner in which engine speed is controlled. In any engine, speed (or power) is a direct function of the amount of fuel burned in the cylinders. Gasoline engines are self-speed-limiting, due to the method the engine uses to control the amount of air entering the engine. Engine speed is indirectly controlled by the butterfly valve in the carburetor. The butterfly valve in a carburetor limits the amount of air entering the engine. In a carburetor, the rate of air flow dictates the amount of gasoline that will be mixed with the air. Limiting the amount of air entering the engine limits the amount of fuel entering the engine, and, therefore, limits the speed of the engine. By limiting the amount of air entering the engine, adding more fuel does not increase engine speed beyond the point where the fuel burns 100% of the available air (oxygen).

1) A diesel engine is similar to _______________________.

2) _____________________ is the result of the higher compression ratio used by diesel engines.

3) In a gasoline engine the compression ratio is limited by ___________________.

4) ____________________________ are self-speed-limiting.

5) Engine speed is indirectly controlled by _____________________.

6) Limiting the amount of air entering the engine limits _____________________.

 

2. Situation:

You are a Chief Engineer. Instruct the students in the general

сonstruction of a Diesel installation in a ship.

3. Report the following sentences:

1) “Can you explain me the destination of diaphragm in turbine?”- cadet asked the Second Engineer.

2) John ordered me: “Flood the pump from time to time!”

3) The Chief Engineer: “You can see the machinery which is used in the engine-room”.

4) He asked me: “Do know the construction of the incinerator?”

5) The Chief Engineer: “Have you finished fuel oil separation?”

6) My assistant: “Yesterday at 5 p.m. we were repairing the fuel lift pump”.

7) The Second Engineer: “You should replace plungers and sleeves”.

Examination Card № 19

1. Scan the text and correct the statements:

ENGINE ROOM WATCHKEEPING

1. Purpose

The purpose of this procedure is to establish the engine room watch keeping guidelines.

These guidelines are established within the Standard for Training, Certification and

Watchkeeping (STCW).

2. Responsibility

It is the responsibility of the Chief Engineer to assign the engine room watch keeping assignments and establish the watch keeping standards.

3. General

At Sea Watches

The normal at sea engine room watches are performed on a 4 and 8 watch rotation.

Each watch is 4 hours long. Starting at midnight the 2nd Assistant Engineer and an Oiler have the watch. At 0400 the 1st Assistant Engineer and the senior Oiler stand the next 4 hours until 0800. The 3rd Assistant Engineer and the third Oiler have the watch from 0800 to 1200. At noon the rotation resumes again.

In Port Watches

Normal in port watches start and end at the discretion of the 1st Assistant Engineer and the Chief Engineer. The rotation is also at the discretion, though usually will start with the watch that was due to have the next watch at the last in port period. In port watches are 24 hours long with the licensed engineer and an Oiler alternating 6 hours on and 6 hours off. The watch stander with the 6 hours off must be aboard and be on call during the entire watch period. The Oiler starts at noon and at midnight. The licensed Engineer starts at 1800 and 0600. The noon watch change must be handed over to the licensed Engineer coming on duty by the Engineer being relieved.

On Watch

The watch stander’s primary responsibility is to be present monitoring the engine room from the ECR. The engineer and the Oiler should alternate making rounds in the Auxiliary Machinery Space, Main Machinery Space and SCR room. The thruster rooms, motor room and fan rooms should be checked at least once each watch. Depending on operations, deck machinery should also be checked.

Watch standing is a science as well as an art. Watch standers must keep aware of

normal machinery sound, temperatures and vibrations so they can be alert to small

changes form the normal running of the machinery and so head off larger problems.

 

1) The responsibility of the Chief Engineer is to assign the engine room watch keeping assignments and establish the watch keeping standards.

2) Thenormal at sea engine room watches are performed on a 3 and 6 watch rotation.

3) The 3rd Assistant Engineer and the third Oiler have the watch from 1200 to 0400.

4) Normal in port watches start and end at the discretion of the 1st Assistant Engineer and the Chief Engineer.

5) In port watches are 12 hours long with the licensed engineer and an Oiler alternating 6 hours on and 6 hours off.

6) The watch stander’s primary responsibility is to be present monitoring the engine room from the ECR.

7) The thruster rooms, motor room and fan rooms should not be checked at each watch.

2. Situation:

You are applying for a job and you are interviewed in the company. The agent asked you to tell about the steam turbine?

Choose the correct sentence

One sentence is correct. Which one?

Tick (ü) the correct sentence.

1. a) What should be do when the engine is overloaded?

b) What should done when the engine is overloaded?

c) What should be done when the engine is overloaded?

2. a) In the reaction turbines the steam is expand in the nozzles.

b) In the reaction turbines the steam expands in the nozzles.

c) In the reaction turbines the steam expand in the nozzles.

3. a) The kinetic energy of the jet is converted into useful work.

b) The kinetic energy of the jet converts into useful work.

c) The kinetic energy of the jet convert into useful work.

4. a) Main turbines drive the propellers through mechanical reduction gears.

b) Main turbines driven the propellers through mechanical reduction gears.

c) Main turbines drives the propellers through mechanical reduction gears.

5. a) Chief Engineer ordered me check for overheating.

b) Chief Engineer ordered me checking for overheating.

c) Chief Engineer ordered me to check for overheating.

6. a) All marine engines are started with compressed air.

b) All marine engines are start with compressed air.

c) All marine engines started with compressed air.

7. a) They have never renewed all worn parts before.

b) They had never renewed all worn parts before.

c) They never renewed all worn parts before.

Examination Card № 20

1. Scan the text:

Procedure When Engine is Running:

(1) Close the starting valve оn air receiver.

(2) Adjust speed regulator to required speed.

(3) Check lubricating oil pressure.

(4) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 300 p.s. i. (21.1 kg/sq.cm).

(5) Set load limit dial оn governor.

Running оn Load:

(1) Regulate cooling water to give аn outlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F (71°С and 77°С).

(2) Maintain lubricating oil pressure of 30 p.s. i. (2.11 kg/sq. см).

(3) When necessary adjust fuel pumps to give balanced ex­haust outlet temperatures and maximum pressures.

То Stop Engine:

(1) Rotate handwheel to STOP position.

(2) Close cock in fuel supply system.

(3) Where systems permit it is advisable to allow the cir­culating water to flow through the engine for about 15 minutes after the engine has stopped allowing the engine to cool slowly.

First Run:

If the engine is being run after аn overhaul, the following procedure shоuld be adopted:

(1) Check all external parts for evidence of overheating.

(2) Stop engine after 5/10 minutes running.

(3)Remove column inspection doors and check internal bearings and running gear to ensure that there is nо abnormal heating. If there is аnу evidence of internal overheating while running stop the engine immediately but do not remove аnу doors until at least 15 minutes after the engine has stopped.

(4) Apply load gradually for the first few hours whenever possible especially if new pistons and liners have been fitted.

 

Choose the correct variant:

 

1. a) When engine is running open the starting valve оn air receiver.

b) When engine is running open the starting valve оn air receiver.

c) When engine is running open the exhaust valve.

 

2. a) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 300 p.s. i. when engine is running.

b) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 500 p.s. i. when engine is running.

c) Recharge air receiver as soon as possible to 300 p.s. i. when engine is stopping.

 

3. a) Running on load regulate cooling water to give аn inlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F.

b) Running on load regulate cooling water to give аn outlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F.

c) Starting the engine regulate cooling water to give аn outlet temperature between 160 deg. F and 170 deg. F.

 

4. a) То stop the engine open cock in fuel supply system.

b) То stop the engine close cock in fuel supply system.

c) Running on load close cock in fuel supply system.

 

5. a) Check all internal parts for evidence of overheating during first running.

b) Check all external parts for evidence of overheating during first running.

c) Check all internal parts for evidence of cooling during first running.

 

2. Situation:

You are an engineer on board the vessel. A group of engine cadets of KSMA is visiting your vessel. They are interested in the operating principle of the impulse turbine and the reaction turbine. Explain them the difference between these turbines.

Examination card № 21

Read the text and answer the questions:

Make sentences Passive

1. No one has seen him anywhere this week.

2. Somebody has invited her to the party.

3. They have done all the exercises in written form.

4. They had done everything before we came.

5. I thought they had already sent the letter.

6. Evidently somebody had informed him of the news before they announced it.

7. They have not told him about it yet.

8. The branches of the tree hid her face.

9. I know her family.

 

Examination card № 22

Read the text and answer the questions:

Use proper tense

1. It's too late. The ship______________________________________ (to sink).

2. My friend____________________________ (to receive) a letter an hour ago.

3. We (to study) English for two years.

4. The tug___________________________ (to tow) the ship today.

5. I (to wait) for you since early morning.

6. A sextant__________________________ (to use) by the navigators for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.

7. This ship__________________________ (to use) for carrying cargo yesterday.

8. This ship__________________________ (to design) not for cargo.

Examination card № 23

Read the text and answer the questions:

Roles and Responsibilities

The maritime engineers on board any craft are the people responsible for ensuring, in short, that the craft moves. They operate and maintain the systems that allow a ship to operate – from the propulsion system to the living facilities on board, including but not limited to the sewage, lighting and water systems on board. From all of the above it is easy to gather that the Maritime Engineering Officers on board a ship are responsible for nothing less than allowing the ship to function as a seagoing vessel and as a living quarters for all on board, and that the job is as varied as any job on any ship.

If a ship needs to take on fuel in bulk, it will be a member of the engineering staff that oversees this to ensure that it is carried out fully, promptly and safely. Other tasks in that spirit may include helping with the loading and unloading of gear on the boat – although this task is limited to equipment necessary to the smooth running and safe journey of the boat – all issues to do with cargo and passengers are the sole responsibility of deck officers.

 

Answer the questions:

What are the marine engineers responsible for?

What do they operate and maintain?

What do they do during bunkering operations?

Where will you work on board a ship?

What duties will you have?

 

Situation: You are an engineer on board the vessel. A group of engine cadets of KSMA is visiting your vessel. They are interested in the path of the fuel oil from the stowage tanks to the engine cylinders.

 

Grammar Task:

Use proper tense

l. We usually________________________ (to have) our shipboard training on board

merchant ships.

We_____________ (to have) our shipboard training on board merchant ships now.

We________________ (to have) our shipboard training on board merchant ships

last summer.

We_________________ (to have) our shipboard training on board merchant ships

during last summer.

We_____________ (to have) our shipboard training on board merchant ships soon.

2.They_____________________ (to learn) how to stow cargo every practical study.

They_______________________ (to learn) how to stow cargo now.

They_______________________ (to learn) how to stow cargo last month.

They_______________________ (to learn) how to stow cargo, when he went ashore.

They_______________________ (to learn) how to stow cargo one of these days.

3._________________________ We (to launch) the life-boats very seldom.

We________________________ (to launch) the life-boat now.

We________________________ (to launch) the life-boat yesterday.

We________________________ (to launch) the life-boat, when they approached the

ferry.

We________________________ (to launch) the life-boat in a week.

Examination card № 24

Read the text and answer the questions:

Use proper tense

1. She___________________ (to go) shopping every day.

She______________________ (to go) shopping now.

She______________________ (to go) shopping yesterday.

2. He often______________________ (to repair) the main engine.

He______________________________ (to repair) the main engine now.

He______________________________ (to repair) the main engine two weeks ago.

3. Somebody always___________________ (to wait) for you at the entrance door.

Somebody________________________ (to wait) for you at the entrance door now.

Somebody___________________ (to wait) for you at the entrance door yesterday.

4. This ship often_____________________ (to put) to sea.

This ship______________________________ (to put) to sea now.

This ship______________________________ (to put) to sea last week.

5. He______________________ (to plot) the route on charts every lesson.

He _______________________ (to plot) the route on charts now.

He__________________________ (to plot) the route on charts yesterday.

Examination card № 25

Read the text and answer the questions:

Grammar task

Choose the proper form:

1) The radio operator is (receiving, received) the weather forecast.

2) All ships have (warned, been warned) on the coming gale.

3) All necessary arrangement have (been made, made) for immediate discharging of your ship.

4) The ship is (maneuvering, been maneuvered) to the harbor by an experienced pilot.

5) This harbor can (enter, be entered) only by the vessels of small draught.

6) Valuable information on the local sailing conditions has (been received, received).

7) The agent has (made, been made) all necessary arrangements.

 

Examination card №26

Read the text and answer the questions:

Grounding

The weather was foggy with rain and visibility of four to five miles. The sea was calm and air

temperature was 6 degrees Centigrade. High tide was predicted to be 16.5 ft at 0720 at Quebec.

 

The voyage proceeded normally without incident. All mechanical, electrical and navigation

systems were operating satisfactorily. However, there were initial overheating problems with

generators number 1 and 3, so number 2 was used in order to inspect 1 and 3. The Jade Star has

one main shaft generator, 3 auxiliary generators numbers 1, 2 and 3, any one of which can propel

the ship, and one emergency generator. If any of the 3 fails one of the other two will

automatically come online after 7 seconds. The main shaft generator was shut down because of

an ongoing dispute with Transport Canada Marine who maintained that only the auxiliary

generators should be used in confined waters.

 

On the bridge at 0638 were the Officer of the Watch, the Pilot and the helmsman. The Jade Star

was off Sainte-Croix on the Saint-Antoine course, travelling at 13 knots and was about to be

overtaken by the bulk carrier BAMIA. So the pilot ordered a reduction in speed to allow the

BAMIA to pass. Just as the OOW was about to call the engine room to relay the speed

reduction a series of loud alarms sounded both on the bridge and in the engine room and all

power and lighting went off. The OOW assumed that there was a complete power failure and

reduced propeller pitch from 90% to zero. The Pilot asked the BAMIA, which was three cables

astern, to keep clear.

 

Answer the questions:

What engine room equipment did engineer have the problems?

Who was on the bridge?

What orders did the pilot give to the engine room?

What did OOW do and why?

What did the pilot ask another vessel to do?

 

Speaking

You are Chief Engineer with new comer in the engine room. You have to explain the operating principle of engine governors

Grammar task

Choose the proper form:

The radio operator is (receiving, received) the weather forecast.

All ships have (warned, been warned) on the coming gale.

All necessary arrangement have (been made, made) for immediate discharging of your ship.

The ship is (maneuvering, been maneuvered) to the harbor by an experienced pilot.

This harbor can (enter, be entered) only by the vessels of small draught.

Valuable information on the local sailing conditions has (been received, received).

The agent has (made, been made) all necessary arrangements.

 

Examination card №27

Read the text and answer the questions:

 

Saint Malo accident

The former master of the Saint-Malo stayed with the vessel as master after the season began on

4th of April. Command was handed over on the 10th of April.

Thus the new master at the time of the accident had had sole command of the vessel for only

seven days prior to the day of the accident.

It is apparent from meteorological records that the weather on the 17th of April was the worst

that the master had encountered when in command of Saint-Malo. He did experience a very rough crossing from Cherbourg to Saint-Malo at a time when he was an observer.

The chief engineer holds a first class chief engineer certificate as well as a first class master

mariner certificate. He was the most experienced of the crew as far as Channiland and Saint-Malo was concerned.

He was fully qualified as both an engineer and a master. He had worked for Channiland for three

years, first as a master of a smaller catamaran, the Brittania, and then as a master of the Saint-

Malo, the two seasons prior to the accident.

The master from his console has a restricted view abaft; he cannot see more than about 30

degrees abaft each beam. This makes him entirely reliant on assistance from a look-out on the

bridge wing to watch for back strike marks.

There is no specific position from which a chief officer could assist with the navigation of the

vessel. In open sea conditions the autopilot on a catamaran is often inoperative due to the

vessel’s poor handling characteristics. The Master must therefore steer the vessel, and under these circumstances it is difficult or impossible to devote much attention to navigation.

On the Saint-Malo, the chief engineer is seated with the engine monitoring controls in the

copilot’s position. His primary role is not navigation, and there is no indication in any

management instructions or manuals that he has a secondary role as navigator.

 

Answer the questions:

To your opinion, was the chief engineer qualified and why?

What can you say about the weather conditions

Could the master pay enough attention to navigation?

Where was the chief engineer at the moment of the accident?

What was his primary role?

Speaking

Examination card №28

Read the text and answer the questions:

 

The boatswain informed the master that the vessel was now to the north of the transit, but the

master already knew this. But he did not know, and did not have time to find out, how far to the

north the vessel was.

The master was concerned that even with full port helm the vessel was not turning quickly. At the time he was not sure what was causing this and he was heard stating that fact to the chief

engineer.

In order to try and increase the rate of turn he tried instantaneously reducing the engine

revolutions, and then increasing them again to kick the vessel around.

When this did not produce required effect he selected Harbour Mode maneuvering control in

order to vary revolutions on the two engines to assist in the turn.

The vessel was turning to port when the master again encountered a fishing marker buoy. He

assumed that this was the fishing marker buoy that he had noticed on the previous days just off

La Frouquie rock. He steadied the swing thinking that he was go